中考英语语法专题之副词用法 讲义含练习及答案.docx
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中考英语语法专题之副词用法讲义含练习及答案
副词的定义与语法功能
1.Tofindoutthedefinitionoftheadverbs.
2.Toknowthespecialusageoftheadverbs.
3.Tolearnhowtotransfertheadjectivetoadverbs.
Thedogandthecatplayedhappily.
一、规则副词级的构成
单音节词
er
和est型
构成规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般在词未加-er和-est
fast
hard
faster
harder
fastest
hardest
以e结尾的只加-r和-st
late
later
latest
以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加-er,-est
dry
drier
driest
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big
thin
hot
bigger
thinner
hotter
biggest
thinnest
hottest
双音节词
er
和est型
少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节单词,方法同单音节词
happy
simple
clever
narrow
happier
simpler
cleverer
narrower
happiest
simplest
cleverest
narrowest
more和most
型
其他的在前面加more,most分别构成比较级和最高级
carefully
quickly
morecarefully
morequickly
mostcarefully
mostquickly
多音节词
more和most
型
在其前面加more和most
difficult
beautiful
moredifficult
morebeautiful
mostdifficult
mostbeautiful
一.副词
1.定义
副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等,使它们的意思更清楚、更准确、更完整,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等。
例如:
yesterday昨天here这儿often经常quite很quickly快速happily幸福地
2.分类
(1)根据副词的语法功能即在句中的作用可将副词分为:
①普通副词
well好carefully认真地together一起
②疑问副词
when何时where何地why为何
③关系副词
when何时where何地why为何
④连接副词
so因此however然而otherwise否则
(2)根据副词的词义来分类
①方式副词
well好地easily容易地suddenly突然
很多方式副词由形容词+-ly构成。
但是一些形容词本身可作副词。
high高地wide宽广地deep深深地
②时间副词
tomorrow明天before以前once曾经
③地点副词
there那边abroad在国外downstairs楼下
④程度副词
very很quite非常terribly极
⑤数量副词
little少much多twice两次
⑥疑问副词。
when何时why为何how如何
3.构成
(1)副词的比较级形式是在副词末加-er或其前面加more;最高级形式是在词末加-est或在其前面加most。
形式变化一般有如下规则:
单音节词
er
和est型
构成规则
原级
比较级
最高级
一般在词未加-er和-est
fast
hard
faster
harder
fastest
hardest
以e结尾的只加-r和-st
late
later
latest
以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加-er,-est
dry
drier
driest
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big
thin
hot
bigger
thinner
hotter
biggest
thinnest
hottest
双音节词
er
和est型
少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble,-ple结尾的双音节单词,方法同单音节词
happy
simple
clever
narrow
happier
simpler
cleverer
narrower
happiest
simplest
cleverest
narrowest
more和most
型
其他的在前面加more,most分别构成比较级和最高级
carefully
quickly
morecarefully
morequickly
mostcarefully
mostquickly
多音节词
more和most
型
在其前面加more和most
difficult
beautiful
moredifficult
morebeautiful
mostdifficult
mostbeautiful
巧记比较等级构成:
“比较”与“最高”,“单音”加后缀;-er是“比较”,-est是“最高”。
原级结尾若是e,只加-r或-st。
重读闭音节,辅音要成对,其它多音节,加词不加缀。
辅音若加y,y变i加后缀。
y若是后来加,不在此规内。
(2)不规则形容词的级的构成
原级
比较级
最高级
good
better
best
well
bad
worse
worst
ill
many
more
most
much
little
less
least
far
farther
farthest
further
furthest
old
older
oldest
elder
eldest
4.语法功能
(1)作状语
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词,或者修饰整个句子。
副词作状语修饰整个句子
时,常是评述性的,表示说话人的态度。
Sheaskedherdaughtermottodrivetoofast.她请女儿别开车太快。
Inthebattleeverysoldierfoughtbravely.战斗中每个战士都英勇作战。
Hehasneverheardofthenamebefore.他以前从未听人说过这个名字。
Areyouquitesureweareontherightwaybacktothecamp?
你很肯定我们走对了回营地的路吗?
Luckily,shewasinwhenIcalled.很幸运,我去看她时她正好在家。
(2)作表语
表示位置的副词作表语时说明主语的状态或特征(above,across,inside,upstairs);表示动作方向
的副词作表语时是有动作意义(up,down,on,in,off,out);welloff,upto等副词短语也可以作表
语。
Isn'theupyet?
他还没起床吗?
I'msorrybutheisnotin.对不起,他不在。
What’sonatthetheatrethisweekend?
本周末剧院演什么?
(3)作定语
副词作定语一般放在被它所修饰的名词、代词之后。
Theboystherearetalkingaboutfootball.那边的男生正在侃球。
Islifeherefullofjoy?
这里的生活充满欢乐吗?
Onherwaybackhome,shefoundawallet.她在回家的路上发现一个钱包。
(4)作介词宾语
某些表示位置的副词可以再under,from,in,onaround,along等后作介词宾语;某些时间副词可
以再by,from,except,before,after,till,since等词后作介词宾语。
Youcanleavethegoodsanywherebuthere.除了这里外,你愿把货物放哪都行。
Hecamefromthere.他从那里来。
【即学即练】
单项选择。
()1.---Hehardlyhelpsothers,doeshe?
---______.Hehasfewfriendsandnonoelikeshim.
A.Yes,hedoes.B.No,hedoesn’t.
C.Yes,hedoesn’t.D.No,hedoes.
()2.---Manyteenagers______theoldandtheyoftenoffertheirseatstotheoldonbuses.
---That’sagoodbehaviour.
A.agreewithB.worryabout
C.laughatD.carefor
()3.---Doyouknowwhat______theaccident?
---Yes,becauseofthebadweather.
A.causedB.madeC.gotD.gave
()4.---Howishethesedays?
---Heis______thanbefore.
A.muchhealthyB.morehealthierC.mosthealthierD.healthier
()5.---Thenwhatdidyouyoudo?
---Ihadnochoicebut______astheteacherhadtoldme.
A.doB.doingC.todoD.does
()6.---Youdid______thanLucy.---Butshedid______thanme.
A.better;fasterB.best;fastest
C.good;fastD.well;fast
()7.---Whyareyoulate?
---BecauseIwalked______.
A.friendlyB.lonelyC.slowlyD.quickly
()8.---Thoughtheyaretwinsisters,theyhavenothing______.
---That’strue.
A.commonB.incommonC.oncommonD.atcommon
()9.---MrGreenisillinhospital.---______.
A.Itdoesn’tmatterB.That’sfine
C.I’msorrytohearthatD.Thankyouverymuch
()10.---Whatdidhesay?
---Heasked______.
A.ifhasyourfriendeverbeenhereB.whatIcando
C.whatIcoulddoD.ifyourfriendhaseverbeenthere
参考答案:
1-10:
ADADCACBCC
综合练习
一、选择题。
()1.---Itiscommon______mostfamiliestohaveacarnow.
---Sotherearemanycarsonthestreetseveryday.Itisso________
A.for;noisyB.ofquietC.of;noisyD.for;quiet
()2.---Heruns_______ofallthethreepeople.
---Yes.Butheruns_______thanWangLin,oneofthestudentsClassFour.
A.faster;moreslowlyB.fastest;slowly
C.fastest;moreslowlyD.faster;slowly
()3.---Inordertomakefewmistakes,youneedalotof______intheexam.
---You’reright.Itisveryimportantmetogetahighmark.
A.attentions;ofB.attentions;for
C.attention;ofD.attention;for
()4.---Shebehaved_______intheinterview.
---Thatwasherfirsttimetotakepartintheinterview.Shewilldoit_______nexttime.
A.badly;betterB.bad;better
C.bad;goodD.badly;good
()5.---Somepetsarefaithful_____theirowners.
---Ofcourse.Manyexamples________recently.
A.to;willbeheardaboutB.in;willbeheardabout
C.to;havebeenheardaboutD.in;havebeenheardabout
()6.---Doyouhaveany______forbeinglate?
---No.It______justmyfault.
A.reasons;wasB.reasons;is
C.descriptions;isD.descriptions;was
()7.Annieplaysthepianovery_______.Butheryoungersisterplaysit______thanshedoes.
A.good;worseBwell;badly
C.good;badlyD.well;worse
()8.---I_______wecanfinishtheworkattheendofthismonth.
---Metoo.Butwe________makeagoodplanforitfirst.
A.believe;mayB.hold;must
C.believe;mustD.hold;may
()9.---________allthestudentsinourclasswillgoonapicnicnextweekend.
---Really?
ItseemsthatIhavenochoicebut_______withyou.
A.NearlytogoB.Nearly;go
C.Hardly;togoD.Hardly;go
()10---__________
---Thisnewfridgecannotbeconnectedtoelectricity.
A.Doyouhaveanyexcuses?
B.What'stheproblem?
C.WhatshouldIdo?
D.Idon'tthinkyouareright.
二、完形填空。
Ayoungwomanbroughtherfiance(未婚夫)hometomeetherparents.Afterdinner,hermother__1__herfathertohaveatalkwiththeyoungman.Thefatherinvitedthe__2__tohisstudyforadrink."Sowhatareyour__23__?
"thefatheraskedtheyoungman."IamaTorahscholar,"he__4__."Great,butwhatwillyoudotoprovideanice___5__formydaughtertolivein?
""Iwillstudy,"theyoungmanreplied,"andGodwillprovideforus."And__6__willyoubuyherabeautifulring?
"askedthefather."Iwillpayattentiontomystudies,theyoungmanreplied,"andGodwill__7__forus.""Andchildren?
"askedthefather.“Howwillyou__8__children?
""Don'tworry,sir.Godwillproviderepliedthefiance.Theconversation__9__likethisandeachtimethefatherquestioned,theyoungidealistsaidthatGodwouldprovide.__10__,themotherasked,"Howdiditgo,honey?
"Thefatheranswered,"Hehasnojobandnoplans,butthegoodnewsisthathethinksI'mGod."
()1.A.spokeB.toldC.saidD.talked
()2.A.motherB.girlC.fianceD.brother
()3.A.plansB.voicesC.waysD.steps
()4.A.understoodB.actedC.thoughtD.replied
()5.A.towerB.houseC.gardenD.space
()6.A.whyB.whichC.howD.what
()7.A.provideB.giveC.improveD.keep
()8.A.respectB.liveC.growD.support
()9.A.sufferedB.wentC.developedD.expressed
()10.A.SurelyB.RatherC.AlmostD.Later
解析:
一、单项选择
1-5:
ACDAC
6-10:
ADCAB
二、完型填空
1-5:
BCADB6-10:
CADBD
三、阅读理解。
A
Iwasabandoned(抛弃)ataveryyoungage,beinghomeless.Ifoundmyselfjustwalkingaroundthestreetslookingforfoodandashelter.Icouldn'tbelieveanyoneoranyanimalwhocrossedmypath.Itwasaverylonelylife.
OnedaywhenIwaslookingforfood,aladynamedCherylstartedtocomemyway.Myfirstfeelingwasnottorunaway,andIcouldn'texplainit.ButthiswasthefirsttimeIfeltsafe.SomynewlifebeganwithCherylandherhusbandJim.
AtthattimenoneofusrealizedthatIwasgoingtohavekittens(小猫)soon.Itdidn'ttakelongforCherylandJimtorealizethatIwasgoingtohavealitter(一窝幼崽).Cherylstartedtoreadbooksonthesubjectofahomebirthandwaspreparedforit.Unluckily,shehadtogoawayattheweekendanditjusthappenedthatthekittenswerereadytobeborn.SweetlovableJimhadtotakeover.HecalledCheryltohelpguidehimduringthebirthandwithhisloveandsupportallmykittensarrivedsafely.
()1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanknowthecatfeltvery_______.
A.happyB.lonelyC.excitedD.surprised
()2.Whatwas