外文翻译科隆大教堂.docx
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外文翻译科隆大教堂
外文翻译--科隆大教堂
外文原文
CologneCathedral
FromWikipediathefreeencyclopedia
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CologneCathedral
UNESCOWorldHeritageSite
StatePartyGermany
TypeCultural
Criteriaiiiiv
Reference292
RegionEuropeandNorthAmerica
Inscriptionhistory
Inscription199620thSession
Endangered2004-2006
NameasinscribedonWorldHeritageList
RegionasclassifiedbyUNESCO
TheCologneCathedralGermanKlnerDomofficiallyHoheDomkircheStPeterundMariaistheseatoftheArchbishopofCologneundertheadministrationoftheRomanCatholicChurchandisrenownedasamonumentofChristianityofGothicarchitectureandofthefaithandperseveranceofthepeopleofthecityinwhichitstandsItisdedicatedtoSaintPeterandtheBlessedVirginMary
ThecathedralisaWorldHeritageSitebeingoneofthebest-knownarchitecturalmonumentsinGermanyandColognesmostfamouslandmarkdescribedbyUNESCOasan"exceptionalworkofhumancreativegenius"[1]CologneCathedralisoneoftheworldslargestchurchesbeingthelargestGothicchurchinNorthernEuropeForfouryears1880-84itwasthetalleststructureintheworlduntilthecompletionoftheWashingtonMonumentfollowedbytheEiffelTowerIthasthesecond-tallestchurchspiresonlysurpassedbythesinglespireofUlmCathedralcompletedtenyearslaterin1890Becauseofitsenormoustwinspiresitalsopresentsthelargestfaadeofanychurchintheworld
ThechoirofCologneCathedralmeasuredbetweenthepiersalsoholdsthedistinctionofhavingthelargestheighttowidthratioofanyMedievalchurch361exceedingevenBeauvaisCathedralwhichhasaslightlyhighervault[2]
ConstructionoftheGothicchurchbeganin1248andtookwithinterruptionsuntil1880tocomplete–aperiodofoversixhundredyearsItis1445metreslong865mwideanditstwotowersare157mtall[3]
CologneCathedraldespitehavingbeenleftincompleteduringthemedievalperiodeventuallybecameunifiedas"amasterpieceofexceptionalintrinsicvalue"and"apowerfultestimonytothestrengthandpersistenceofChristianbeliefinmedievalandmodernEurope"[1]aswasbefittingaworship-placeoftheHolyRomanEmperorandthetraditionalshrineoftheThreeKings
History
TheAltarpieceoftheThreeKingsbyStephanLochner
[edit]Ancientsite
WhenthepresentCologneCathedralwascommencedin1248thesitehadbeenoccupiedbyseveralpreviousstructurestheearliestofwhichmayhavebeenagrainstoreperhapssucceededbyaRomantemplebuiltbyMercuriusAugustusFromthe4thcenturythesitewasoccupiedbyChristianbuildingsincludingasquareedificeknownasthe"oldestcathedral"andcommissionedbyMaternusthefirstChristianbishopofCologneAsecondchurchtheso-called"OldCathedral"wascompletedin818ThisburneddownonApril301248
Themassivefacadewasleftincompletefor400years
[edit]Medievalbeginning
In1164theArchbishopofCologneRainaldofDasselhadacquiredrelicsoftheThreeKingswhichhadbeentakenfromMilaninItalybytheHolyRomanEmperorFrederickBarbarossaTherelicshadgreatreligioussignificanceandcouldbecountedupontodrawpilgrimsfromalloverChristendomItwasimportantthattheywereproperlyhousedThelossoftheoldfive-aisledcathedralpromptedabuildingprograminthenewstyleofGothicarchitecturebasedinparticularontheFrenchCathedralofAmiens
ThefoundationstonewaslaidonAugust151248byArchbishopKonradvonHochstadenTheeasternarmwascompletedunderthedirectionofMasterGerhardwasconsecratedin1322andsealedoffbyatemporarywallsoitcouldbeinuseastheworkproceeded
Inthemid14thcenturyworkonthewestfrontcommencedunderMasterMichaelThisworkhaltedin1473leavingthesouthtowercompleteuptothebelfrylevelandcrownedwithahugecranewhichwasdestinedtoremaininplaceandthelandmarkofColognefor400years[4]
Someworkproceededintermittentlyonthestructureofthenavebetweenthewestfrontandtheeasternarmbutduringthe16thcenturythisceased[5]
TheCathedralin1856showingtheunfinishedSouthTowerwithitsancientcranetheGothiceasternendandsouthtransept
[edit]19thcenturycompletion
WiththenineteenthcenturyromanticenthusiasmfortheMiddleAgesandspurredonbytheluckydiscoveryoftheoriginalplanforthefacadeitwasdecidedwiththecommitmentofthePrussianCourttocompletethecathedralItwasachievedbycivicefforttheCentral-Dombauvereinfoundedin1842raisedtwothirdsoftheenormouscostsoverUS1billionintodaysmoneywhilethePrussianstatesuppliedtheremainingthird
Workresumedin1842totheoriginaldesignofthesurvivingmedievalplansanddrawingsbututilisingmoremodernconstructiontechniquesincludingironroofgirder