版英语名师讲练大一轮复习浙江专用人教版核心素养测评 二 必修1 Unit 2 English around the world.docx

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版英语名师讲练大一轮复习浙江专用人教版核心素养测评二必修1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld

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核心素养测评二

　必修1　Unit2　Englisharoundtheworld

（限时35分钟）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoknowhowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy（争议）:

whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThepresentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofoneteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.

　　WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoollethimteachacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingstrange:

amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.

　　Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage（ASL）wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish（混杂英语）.ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:

Mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?

AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?

Itwas1955.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy（异端邪说）.

　　Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theythoughtlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation（调节）ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”

1.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe______. 

A.anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage

B.achallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguage

C.anapproachtomakethegrammaticalstructureofalanguagesimple

D.atrytoclearmisunderstandingabouttheuseoflanguage

【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据第一段的Theyofferanewway...orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.可知,手语提供了一种新方法,用以探索大脑如何产生和理解语言,并为一个长期以来的科学争端——语言（连同语法）究竟是我们与生俱来的,还是一种我们后天学会的行为——提出了新的解释。

故手语是对语言的性质的传统观点的挑战,所以选B。

2.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewascausedby______. 

A.afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain

B.aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts

C.anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf

D.someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第一段的ThepresentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofoneteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.以及第二段的WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish可知,现在对手语的兴趣是由BillStokoe,一位教英语的老师激发的。

故选C。

3.MosteducatorswereagainstStokoe’sideabecausetheythought______. 

A.signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople

B.signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted

C.alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand

D.alanguagecouldonlylieintheformofspeechsounds

【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

根据最后一段的Theythoughtlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulationofsound.可知,大多数教育者认为语言是建立在说,也就是声音的调节上。

故选D。

4.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat______. 

A.signlanguageisasusefulasanyotherlanguage

B.signlanguagecomesfromnaturallanguage

C.languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes

D.languageisaproductofthebrain

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据最后一段的“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”可知,Stokoe认为signlanguage是大脑的产物。

故D项正确。

D中的aproductofthebrain是对原文中brainstuff的同义表达。

　　　　　　　　　　　　B世纪金榜导学号

Thebest-knownexampleofexternal（外部的）influencecausinglanguagechangeisthe“Americanization”ofworldculture,whichhascausedEnglishwordstoappearincitystreetsallovertheworld.Theeffectismostnoticeableinpopmusic.ForeigngroupsoftenrecordinEnglish,andthewordsarepickedupandrepeatedinthesamelanguageeverywhere,evenbychildrenwhootherwisehavelittleornocommandofthelanguage.IoncemetaBrazilianchildofabouttenwhocouldcount“one,two,three”,butonlybyaddingthewords“o’clock,fouro’clockrock”attheend.

SomepeopleareoftenstronglycriticaloftheinfluenceofEnglishontheirlanguage—especiallywhenanEnglishwordreplacesatraditionalword.In1977,FrancepassedalawbanningtheuseofEnglishwordsinofficialsituationsifanequivalent（意义相同的）Frenchexpressionexisted—butthelawseemedtobehonoredmoreinthebreakingthanintheobserving.Someothercountrieshaveconsideredintroducingasimilarlawdespitetheevidencethatsuchlawshaveverylittleeffect,andthatthearrivalofloanwords（外来词）cangreatlyenrichalanguage（asindeedinthecaseofEnglishitself,whichhasalonghistoryofwelcomingforeignwords）.

However,noteveryoneiscritical.Inparticular,commercialfirmsandadvertisersarewellawareofthepotentialsellingpowerthattheuseofEnglishvocabularycanbring.InJapan,Englishisevenusedintelevisioncommercials,despitethefactthatthemajorityofviewerswouldnotunderstandexactlywhatwasbeingsaid.TheexcellenceimpliedbythemereuseofEnglishisapparentlyenoughtocommandthestrategytotheadvertisers.

MostoftheinfluenceofEnglishisuponthevocabularyofforeignlanguages,butsurveysareslowlybringingtolightseveralcaseswherewordorderorwordstructurehasbeenaffected.Sentencesofthetype“Thebooksellswell”,usinganactiveconstructionforapassivemeaning,havebeguntoappearinDanish（Bogensoelgergodt）.SeverallanguageskeeptheEnglishpluralendingwhentheymakeuseofaloanword,anddonottranslateitintothenativeform,e.g.drinks.Therearemanyothersuchcases.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,介绍了造成语言变化的外部影响,最著名的例子是世界文化的“美国化”,它导致英语单词出现在世界各地的城市街道上。

这种影响在流行音乐中最为明显。

5.WhycouldtheBrazilianchildspeak‘one,two,three’inEnglish?

A.Becausehehadseenthesewordsinthestreet.

B.BecauseheknewhowtotellthetimeinEnglish.

C.BecausehehadmadehimselfmasterofEnglish.

D.Becausehehadheardthesewordsinsongsalot.

【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

根据第一段“ForeigngroupsoftenrecordinEnglish...butonlybyaddingthewords‘o’clock,fouro’clockrock’attheend.”可知,文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语,但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放,所以他学会了用英语说这些数字。

故选D。

6.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinFrancein1977?

A.Itwasstrict.

B.Itwasunfair.

C.Itwasoftenignored.

D.Itwasstronglyopposed.

【解析】选C。

推理判断题。

根据第二段“In1977,FrancepassedalawbanningtheuseofEnglishwordsinofficialsituationsifanequivalentFrenchexpressionexisted—butthelawseemedtobehonoredmoreinthebreakingthanintheobserving.”可知,1977年,法国通过了一项法律,禁止在官方场合使用与法语意义相同的英语词汇——但这项法律似乎更多地是在打破而不是遵守。

故我们可以推测这项法律经常被忽视,故选C。

7.WhatisthepurposeofsomeJapanesecommercialsusingEnglish?

A.FollowingtheAmericantrend.

B.Becomingworld-famous.

C.EnrichingJapanese.

D.Increasingsales.

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据第三段中thepotentialsellingpowerthattheuseofEnglishvocabularycanbring以及TheexcellenceimpliedbythemereuseofEnglish可知,广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色,激发人们的购买欲。

故选D。

8.Thelastparagraphismainlydevelopedby______. 

A.providingexamples

B.makingcomparisons

C.explaininggrammarrules

D.analyzinglanguagechanges

【解析】选A。

推理判断题。

最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。

故选A。

9.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslanguagechange?

A.Critical.　　　　　B.Objective.

C.Concerned.D.Supportive.

【解析】选B。

观点态度题。

文章的叙述主要以第三人称视角,引用了不同人的观点和意见,作者本身没有发表看法,因此可以推断作者对于语言转变的态度是“客观的”,故选B。

　【知识拓展】背景链接

来自汉语的英语词汇

bonsai盆栽（花卉）　　　Confucius孔子

coolie苦力Kowtow叩头;磕头

kungfu功夫mahjong麻将

silk丝Taiji太极

tea茶（闽南语）tofu豆腐

typhoon台风oolong乌龙茶

Ⅱ.完形填空

Ifeltgloomy（沮丧的）theotherday.Theweatherhadbeendarkandrainy,andIjustdidn’tfeelso　1　. 

AsIwassittingatmydeskI　2　itwasthebirthdayofadearlong-timefriend—asinglemiddle-agedwomanwhohasdevotedthepast30yearstonursingandlovesher　3　.Knowingthatshedoesn’thavefamilyintownI　4　togiveheracall.SureenoughshewasonB-shift,　5　toworklateintotheeveningandwouldn’thavemuchofabirthdaythisyear.Asalways,　6　,shesoundedcheerfulandwashappythatI　7　. 

AfterIhungupIcouldn’t　8　thefeelingthatshewouldreallyappreciatealittleattentiononherspecialday.　9　feelingalittlegloomymyself,Itriedtoputitoutofmy　10　,butasthedaypassedIcouldn’tshakethethought.I　11　gavein,andthateveningsetofftothehospitalwithacard,acheesecake,andsomeballoons.Myfriend’sgratefulsmileandjoyfulsurprise　12　meI’ddonetherightthingandwereagenerous　13　forthelittleeffortithadtaken. 

WhenIgothomeIrealizedthatnotonlyhadIcheeredupa　14　friendonherbirthdaybutmyowngloomyfeelingshadalso　15　.Makingherdayhadmademyown!

That’strue　16　wetakethetimeandmaketheefforttodosomethingforsomeoneelse.It’slikethelittlesaying“Lovingkindnessistwiceblessed;itblesseshimwhogives,andhimwho　17　.” 

Cheeringuppeopleontheirbirthdaysisn’ttheonlythingwecandotomaketheirday.Lifeconstantlypresentsuswith　18　totakeanextrastepordoakinddeedthatwillmakea　19　tosomeone.Andthe　20　thingisthataswedo,itchangesthingsforthebetterforustoo. 

【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。