Django框架介绍 中英文双语计算机专业毕业设计外文文献翻译成品（最新）.docx

Django框架介绍 中英文双语计算机专业毕业设计外文文献翻译成品（最新）.docx

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外文标题：

IntroductiontotheDjangoFramework

外文作者：

DanielRubio

文献出处:

DanielRubio.IntroductiontotheDjangoFramework[M].BeginningDjango.2017:

1-29（如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做）

英文8701单词，40127字符（字符就是印刷符），中文12987汉字。

IntroductiontotheDjangoFramework

DanielRubio

TheDjangoframeworkstartedin2003,asaprojectdonebyAdrianHolovatyandSimonWillisonattheJournal-WorldnewspaperinLawrence,Kansas,intheUnitedStates.In2005,HolovatyandWillisonreleasedthefirstpublicversionoftheframework,namingitaftertheBelgian-FrenchguitaristDjangoReinhardt.

Fastforwardto2017–theDjangoframeworknowoperatesundertheguidanceoftheDjangoSoftwareFoundation（DSF）,theframeworkcorehasover1000contributorswithmorethan15releaseversions,andthereareover3000packagesspecificallydesignedtoworkwiththeDjangoframework.1

TheDjangoframeworkhasremainedtruetoitsoriginsasaModel-View-Controller（MVC）server-sideframeworkdesignedtooperatewithrelationaldatabases.Nevertheless,Djangohasstayeduptodatewithmostwebdevelopmenttendencies–viathird-partypackages–tooperatealongsidetechnologieslikenon-relationaldatabases（NoSQL）,real-timeInternetcommunication,andmodernJavaScriptpractices.Allthistothepoint,theDjangoframeworkisnowthewebdevelopmentframeworkofchoiceforawidearrayoforganizations,includingthephotosharingsitesInstagram2andPinterest3;thePublicBroadcastingSystem（PBS）4;intheUnitedStates,NationalGeographic5;andwiththehelpofthisbook,yourorganization!

Inthischapteryou’lllearnabouttheDjangoframeworkdesignprinciples,whicharekeytounderstandingtheday-to-dayaspectsofworkingwiththeDjangoframework.Next,you’lllearnhowtoinstallDjangoinvariousways:

asatar.gzfile,withpip,usinggit,andwithvirtualenv.

OnceyouinstalltheDjangoframework,you’lllearnhowtostartaDjangoprojectandhowtosetitupwitharelationaldatabase.Next,you’lllearnaboutthecorebuildingblocksintheDjangoframework–urls,templates,andapps–andhowtheyworkwithoneanothertosetupcontent.Finally,you’lllearnhowtosetuptheDjangoadminsite,whichisaweb-basedinterfacedesignedtoaccesstherelationaldatabaseconnectedtoaDjangoproject.

DjangoFrameworkDesignPrinciples

Ifyouworklongenoughinwebdevelopment,you’lleventuallycometotheconclusionthatyoucanproducethesameresultswithjustaboutanywebframeworkandprogramminglanguage.Butwhileyoucan,infact,produceidenticalresults,whatwillvarydrasticallyisthetimeyouspendcreatingasolution:

thetimecreatingaprototype,thetimeaddingnewfeatures,thetimedoingtesting,thetimedoingdebugging,andthetimedeployingtoscale,amongotherthings.

Inthissense,theDjangoframeworkusesasetofdesignprinciplesthatproducesoneofthemostproductivewebdevelopmentprocessescomparedtomanyotherwebframeworks.Note,I’mnotsayingDjangoisasilverbullet（e.g.,thebestatprototyping,themostscalable）;I’msayingthatattheendoftheday,theDjangoframeworkincorporatesasetofdesignprinciplesandtrade-offsthatmakeitoneofthemostproductiveframeworksforbuildingthefeaturesneededbymostmediumtolargewebapplications.Now,whileyoumightthinkI’mbiased–afterallI’mwritinganentirebookaboutthetopic–I’lllayoutthesedesignprinciplesfirst,soyoucangainabetterunderstandingofwhatgivestheDjangoframeworkthisedge.

Don’tRepeatYourself（DRY）Principle

Repetitionmightbegoodtoemphasizeapoint,butwhenitcomestowebdevelopment,itjustleadstoadditionalandtime-consumingwork.Infact,theverynatureofwebdevelopment,whichoperatesacrossmultipletiersinteractingwithoneanother（e.g.,HTMLtemplates,businesslogicmethods,anddatabases）,lendsitselftorepetition.

TheDjangoframeworkreallytriestoforceyounottorepeatyourself,solet’sseehowDjangoenforcesnotrepeatingyourselfandwhythisisagoodthing.Let’ssayyouwanttobuildacoffeehouseapplicationtopublishinformationaboutstoresandalsohaveacontactformforcustomers.Thefirstthingyou’llneedtodoisdeterminewhatkindofinformationisrequiredforstoresandthecontactform.Figure1-1illustratesamock-upoftwoDjangomodelsforeachoftheseentities.

Figure1-1.Djangomodelsforstoreandcontactentities

NoticehowtheDjangomodelsinFigure1-1eachhavedifferentfieldnamesandadatatypetorestrictvalues.Forexample,thestatementname=models.CharField（max_length=30）tellsDjangoastorenameshouldhaveamaximumof30characters,whilethestatementemail=models.EmailField（）tellsDjangothecontactentityshouldcontainavalidemailvalue