Optimization of soybiodiesel combustion in a modern diesel engine.docx

Optimization of soybiodiesel combustion in a modern diesel engine.docx

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Optimizationofsoybiodieselcombustioninamoderndieselengine

Themaingoalistoenhancetheoverallperformancebyachievingalowsensitivitytodisturbancesandminimalovershootundervariableoperatingconditions.Finally,theresultshavebeenverifiedbyanexperimentalWECSlaboratoryprototype.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.WECSmodeling

2.1.WTmodeling

2.2.Variablespeedcontrolreference

2.3.PMSGmodeling

3.Controlstrategy

3.1.TuningthePIs

4.Experimentalresults

4.1.Systemdescription

4.2.Experimentalresults

5.Conclusion

Acknowledgements

AppendixA.Appendix

AppendixB.Appendix

References

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158Modellingoftheauto-ignitionangleindieselHCCIenginesthroughD-optimaldesign?

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OriginalResearchArticle

Fuel,Volume89,Issue9,September2010,Pages2561-2568

J.J.Hern¨¢ndez,J.Sanz-Argent,J.M.Carot,J.M.Jabaloyes

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159Twosecureandenergy-savingspontaneousad-hocprotocolforwirelessmeshclientnetworks?

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OriginalResearchArticle

JournalofNetworkandComputerApplications,Volume34,Issue2,March2011,Pages492-505

RaquelLacuesta,JaimeLloret,MiguelGarcia,LourdesPe?

alver

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Wecanfindmanycaseswhereaspontaneouswirelessad-hocnetworkmustbebuiltforalimitedperiodoftimeinawirelessmeshnetwork:

meetings,conferences,etc.Oneofthemainaspectsinaspontaneousnetworkistoprovidesecuritymechanismstotheusers.Confidentially,integrity,authentication,availabilityandno-repudiationshouldbeprovidedforalltheusersinthenetworkandtheinformationshouldtravelcipheredthroughthenetwork.Thispapershowstwosecurespontaneouswirelessad-hocnetworkprotocolsforwirelessmeshclientsthatarebasedonthecomputationalcosts:

theweakandthestrongone.Theyarebasedonthetrustoftheusersandguaranteeasecureprotocolbetweentheusersandthemeshrouters.Bothprotocolsprovidenodeauthenticity,intermediatenodeauthenticity,integritychecking,randomchecking,verificationdistributionanderroneouspacketselimination（beforetheyarrivetothedestination）.Theprotocolprocedure,itsmessagesanddevelopmentareexplainedindetail.Finally,wewillcomparetheirenergyconsumptionwithothersecureprotocols.Thecomparisonwillprovetheirbenefits.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Relatedwork

2.1.Asymmetriccryptography

2.2.Symmetriccryptography

2.3.Hybridsolutions

3.Securityprotocolsanalysis

3.1.Cryptographicoperationsinsecureroutingprotocols

3.2.Analysisoftheenergyconsumed

4.Securespontaneousprotocol

4.1.Weakproposal

4.2.Strongproposal

5.Protocolprocedure

5.1.Nodeproceduretorequestcertificates

5.2.Nodeproceduretorequestcertificates

5.3.Authenticationrequestprocedure

5.4.Authenticationprocedure

5.5.Certificaterequestprocedure

5.6.Certificateprocedure

6.Deploymentandenergymeasurements

6.1.Energymeasurements

7.Conclusion

References

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160Prospectofwind¨CPV-batteryhybridpowersystemasanalternativetogridextensioninBangladesh?

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OriginalResearchArticle

Energy,Volume35,Issue7,July2010,Pages3040-3047

SanjoyKumarNandi,HimangshuRanjanGhosh

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Apre-feasibilityofwind-PV-batteryhybridsystemhasbeenperformedforasmallcommunityintheeast-southernpartofBangladesh.Solarradiationresourceshavebeenassessedfromothermeteorologicalparameterslikesunshinedurationandcloudcoverasmeasuredradiationdatawerenotavailableatthesite.ThepredictedmonthlyaverageddailyglobalradiationoverChittagongis4.36?

kWh/m2/day.Measuredwindspeedatthesitevariesfrom3?

m/sto5?

m/s.Forfewmonthsandhoursthespeedisbelowthecutinspeedsoftheavailableturbinesinmarket.Thehybridsystemanalysishasshowedthatforasmallcommunityconsuming53,317?

kWh/yearthecostenergyis0.47USD/kWhwith10%annualcapacityofshortageandproduces89,151?

kWh/yearinwhich53%electricitycomesfromwindandtheremainingfromsolarenergy.Thesensitivityanalysisshowedthatthehybridsystemforthecommunityiscompatiblewiththe8?

km¨C12?

kmgridextensiondependingonsmallvariationofsolarradiationandwindspeedoverthedistrictwhereastheproposedsiteismoreawayfromtheupperlimit.Suchahybridsystemwillreduceabout25?

tCO2/yrgreenhousegases（GHG）emissioninthelocalatmosphere.

ArticleOutline

Nomenclature

1.Introduction

2.Renewableenergysourcesavailability

2.1.Windresource

2.2.Solarresource

3.Electricloads

4.Simulationtool

5.Hybridpowersystemcomponents

6.Economics,constrainsandspinningparameters

7.Results

7.1.Optimizationresults

7.2.Comparisonwithgrid

7.3.Sensitivityanalysis

7.4.Pollutantsemission

8.Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

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161Fuelcell/batterypassivehybridpowersourceforelectricpowertrains?

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OriginalResearchArticle

JournalofPowerSources,Volume196,Issue14,15July2011,Pages5867-5872

J¨¦r?

meBernard,MarcelHofer,UweHannesen,AntoineToth,AkinoriTsukada,F¨¦lixN.B¨¹chi,PhilippDietrich

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Theconceptofpassivehybrid,i.e.thedirectelectricalcouplingbetweenafuelcellsystemandabatterywithoutusingapowerconverter,ispresentedasafeasiblesolutionforpowertrainapplications.AstherearenoDC/DCconverters,thepassivehybridisacheapandsimplesolutionandthepowerlossesintheelectronichardwareareeliminated.Insuchapowertraintopologywherethetwodevicesalwayshavethesamevoltage,theactivepowersharingbetweenthetwoenergysourcescannotbedoneintheconventionalway.Asanalternative,controlofthefuelcellpowerbyadjustingitsoperatingpressureiselaborated.OnlypureH2/O2fuelcellsystemsareconsideredinthisapproach.Simulationandhardwareintheloop（HIL）resultsforthepowertrainshowthatthishybridpowersourceisabletosatisfythepowerdemandofanelectricvehiclewhilesustainingthebatterystateofcharge.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Fuelcellsystem

3.Passivehybridconcept

3.1.Fuelcellmodel

3.2.Batterymodel

3.3.Passivehybridpowersource

4.Powertrainsimulation

4.1.Powertrainparameters

4.2.Powermanagementstrategy

4.3.Simulationresults

5.Advantagesanddrawbacks

6.Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

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Highlights

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Fuelcellhybridvehiclesareunderconsideration.?

Weconsiderthedirectelectricalcouplingofafuelcellandabattery.?

Thefuelcellpowerisactivelycontrolledbyadjustingitsoperatingpressure.?

ThepowerdemandofavehicleisfulfilledwhilesustainingthebatterySOC.?

WithoutDC/DCconverter,thehybridpowertrainbecomessimplerandcheaper.

162Whydomanyresource-richcountrieshavenegativegenuinesaving?

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Anticipationofbettertimesorrapaciousrentseeking?

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OriginalResearchArticle

ResourceandEnergyEconomics,Volume32,Issue1,January2010,Pages28-44

FrederickvanderPloeg

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

WeinvestigatetheHartwickruleforsavingofanationnecessarytosustainaconstantlevelofprivateconsumptionforasmallopeneconomywithanexhaustiblestockofnaturalresources.Theamountbywhichacountrysavesandinvestslessthanthemarginalresourcerentsequalstheexpectedcapitalgainsonreservesofnaturalresourcesplustheexpectedincreaseininterestincomeonnetforeignassetsplustheexpectedfallinthecostofresourceextractionduetoexpectedimprovementsinextractiontechnology.Effectively,depletionisthenpostponeduntilbettertimes.Thissuggeststhatitisnotnecessarilysub-optimalforresource-richcountriestohavenegativegenuinesaving.However,incountrieswithdifferentgroupswithimperfectlydefinedpropertyrightsonnaturalresources,politicaldistortionsinducefasterresourcedepletionthansuggestedbytheHotellingrule.Fractionalisedsocietieswithimperfectpropertyrightsbuildupmoreforeignassetsthantheirmarginalresourcerents,butinthelongrunaccumulatelessforeignassetsthanhomogenoussocieties.Hence,suchsocietiesendupwithlowersustainableconsumptionandareworseoff,especiallyifseepageisstrong,thenumberofrivalgroupsislargeandthecountrydoesnotenjoymuchmonopolypowerontheresourcemarket.Genuinesavingiszeroinsuchsocieties.However,WorldBankgenuinesavingfiguresbasedonmarketratherthanaccountingpriceswillbenegative,albeitlesssoinmorefractionalisedsocietieswithlesssecurepropertyrights.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Negativegenuinesavinginanticipationofbettertimes

3.NormativeunderpinningoftheHartwickrule

4.Genuinesavingandrapaciousrentseeking

4.1.Optimalityconditionsforthedynamiccommon-poolproblem

4.2.PoliticaldistortionsintheHotellingrule

4.3.Fractionalisation,sovereignwealthfundsandsustainableconsumption

4.4.Zerogenuinesavingevenwithseepageorimperfectpropertyrights

4.5.Summingup

5.Concludingremarks

References

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163Understandingtherelationshipbe