过去分词.docx
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过去分词
过去分词
过去分词两个显著的特点即:
从时间上讲,表示动作已经完成;从语态上讲,表示被动的概念,但是如果是不及物动词用作过去分词形式,则只表示动作的完成,而没有被动意义。
如fallenleaves落叶retiredworkers退休工人。
在句中作状语、定语、补足语、表语等。
选择分词时,关键看分词与其逻辑主语的关系,若是其逻辑主语主动发出的动作,选用v-ing;若是被动动作,则选用过去分词。
过去分词用法总结如下:
一、 表语:
1. Thecupisbroken.
2. Thedoorremainslocked.
3. Shelookeddisappointed.
二、 定语:
单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时,通常置于被修饰词之前,但修饰代词时,需置于被修饰词之后,而过去分词短语作定语也要后置,即要放在被修饰词之后。
1.Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.(单个过去分词作定语)
2.Thegirldressedinwhiteismydaughter.(过去分词短语作定语)
3.Isthereanythingunsolved?
ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.
(如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,即使是单个的过去分词作定语,也要放在被修饰词的后面)
4.Thisisastate-ownedfactory.
Thisisanewlybuiltbuilding.
Advertisingisahighlydevelopedindustry.
(单个过去分词与名词或副词构成复合形容词时,放在其修饰的名词前作前置定语)
三、 宾语补足语:
可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:
1)see,hear,find,feel,think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词
Hefoundhishometowngreatlychangedwhenhecamebackfrom
abroad.
HeonceheardthesongsunginGerman.
Everybodythoughtthematchlost.
2)make,get,have,keep等表示“致使”意义的动词:
He’sgoingtohavehishaircut.
Shehadherfootinjuredinthefall.
Whenyoutalk,youhavetoatleastmakeyourselfunderstood.
Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.
四、 状语:
Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.
Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.=Onceitisseen,
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful
=Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.
Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.=Ifweweregiven
moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.
语法演练
一、考查过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等。
有时过去分词前也可加上连词when,while,if,unless,though等。
过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子中的主语,表示被动或完成意义。
例如:
1.________in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
A.Beingfounded
B.Itwasfounded
C.Founded
D.Founding
2.________time,he'llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited
Generallyspeaking,_____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.
AwhentakingBwhentakenCwhentotakeDwhentobetaken
二、考查过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语,其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词或代词,表示一个被动或完成的动作,相当于一个被动的定语从句。
3.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying
4.TheOlympicGames,________in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying
三、考查过去分词作补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时,逻辑主语是其前面的宾语,表示一个被动或完成的动作。
例如:
5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands________behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
四、考查过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语,其主语通常是人,表示主语所处的状态或表示主语对某事的感觉,意思是"(某人)......的";而现在分词作表语时,其主语通常是物,表示主语的特征,意思是“令人......的”。
常用作表语的过去分词有:
interested,moved,discouraged,amused,astonished,surprised,frightened,excited,moved,inspired,tired,worried,hurt,crowded,gone,broken,dressed,wounded,pleased,等等。
例如:
6.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot________frommyfriends.
A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed
另外,有些以过去分词形式出现的词,其词性和意思都已发生了变化,须引起同学们的注意。
例如:
7.________thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
“Given”在此处是介词,意思是“在......的情况下;考虑到”。
答案:
1-5CDBCD6-7AA
你对第1面的《过去分词高考考点透析》一文理解得如何?
为了使你加深印象,检测一下你的复习效果,请做下面选自高考试题的单项填空练习。
为了让你开动脑筋,不盲目猜题,本练习题中也包括其它非谓语动词形式的习题。
1.BecauseofmypoorEnglishI'mafraidIcan'tmakemyself________.
A.understandB.tounderstandC.understandingD.understood
2.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.
A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked
3.What'sthelanguage________inGermany?
A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak
4.________someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.
A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowedby
5.Mostofthepeople________tothepartywerefamousscientists.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting
6.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions________.
A.beenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndown
7.Doyouknowtheboy________underthebigtree?
A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying
8.-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?
-I'dliketohavethispackage________,madam.
A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed
9.Therewasaterriblenoise________thesuddenburstoflight.
A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed
10.________moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
11.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________alongspeechforthepresident.
A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing
12.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire________allnight.
A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned
13.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.
A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotake
14.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage________thegirlandtookheraway,________intothewoods.
A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing
15.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
16.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________astheplanewasmakingalanding.
A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating
17.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,________.
A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted
18.The________boywaslastseen________neartheEastLake.
A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay
19.Thepatientwaswarned________oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
20.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,________.
A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscovered
C.alakewasdiscoveredundergroundD.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake
key:
1-5DCBBA6-10BDDBA11-15BCBDB16-20CBACD