海绵城市外文文献翻译.docx

海绵城市外文文献翻译.docx

《海绵城市外文文献翻译.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《海绵城市外文文献翻译.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

海绵城市外文文献翻译

海绵城市外文翻译2020

英文

Anewmodelframeworkforspongecityimplementation:

Emergingchallengesandfuturedevelopments

ThuThuyNguyen，HuuHaoNgo，etc

Abstract

SpongeCityconceptisemergingasanewkindofintegratedurbanwatersystems,whichaimstoaddressurbanwaterproblems.However,itsimplementationhasencounteredavarietyofchallenges.ThelackofanintegratedcomprehensivemodeltoassistSpongeCityplanning,implementationandlifecycleassessmentisoneofthemostchallengingfactors.ThisreviewbrieflyanalysestheopportunityofexistingurbanwatermanagementmodelsanddiscussesthelimitationofrecentstudiesintheapplicationofcurrentintegratedmodelsforSpongeCityimplementation.Furthermore,itproposesanewSpongeCitymodelframeworkbyintegratingfourmainsub-modelsincludingMIKE-URBAN,LCA,W045-BEST,andMCAinwhichenvironmental,social,andeconomicaspectsofSpongeCityinfrastructureoptionsaresimulated.ThenewstructureofSpongeCitymodelthatincludesthesub-modellayer,inputlayer,modulelayer,outputlayer,andprograminglanguagelayerisalsoillustrated.Therefore,theproposedmodelcouldbeappliedtooptimizedifferentSpongeCitypracticesbynotonlyassessingthedrainagecapacityofstormwaterinfrastructurebutalsopaysattentiontomulti-criteriaanalysisofurbanwatersystem（includingthepossibilityofassessingSpongeCityecosystemservicesforurbanareasandwatershedareas）aswell.Balancingbetweensimplificationandinnovationofintegratedmodels,increasingtheefficiencyofspatialdatasharingsystems,definingtheacceptabilityofmodelcomplexitylevelandimprovingthecorporationofmultiplestakeholdersemphasizingonpossiblefuturedirectionsofaproperSpongeCitydesignandconstructionmodel.

Keywords:

Spongecity,Integratedurbanwatermodels,Hydrologicalperformance,Multiplecriteriaanalysis,Modeldevelopment

Introduction

Concernsaboutwaterresourcessustainabilityhaveincreasedworldwideduetopopulationgrowthandurbanizationproblems（Carleetal.,2005; LeeJoongandHeaneyJames,2003）.AccordingtoUnited Nations（2010） statistics,approximately80%oftheworld'stotalpopulationispredictedtoresideinurbanzonesby2030.Studiesonthecomplexityofurbanwatersystemsandnewkindsofsustainableurbanwatermanagementconceptsarebecomingprolificinhydrologicalscientificresearch（Salvadoreetal.,2015）.Today'sconventionalurbanwatermanagementsystems,whereallcomponentsareconstructedindependently,donotpossessthecapabilitiesforfunctioningeffectivelyespeciallyintermsofurbanizationandclimatechangerequirements（ButlerandSchutze,2005; rauchetal.,2005）.Examplesofadiversifiedapproachtoachieveanintegratedurbanwatermanagementsystem（IUWM）includeBestManagementPractices（BMPs）intheUnitedStates,WaterSensitiveUrbanDesigninAustralia,SustainableUrbanDrainageSystem（SuDS）intheUnitedKingdom,andSpongeCityinChina.Theobjectivesofthesesystemsareto

（1）paygoodattentiontoallcomponentsofthesystemsothattheyworkwell,

（2）implementwatersystemsinbothcentralizedanddecentralizedcontexts,and（3）createmultipleecologicallyfriendlyservicesinurbanzonesincluding:

waterresourcesconservation,floodingdisastermitigation,relevantamenitiesandmicro-climateimprovements（Bachetal.,2014; Brownetal.,2009; Nguyenetal.,2018）.

Integratedurbanwatermodelshavebeendevelopedandtheirfocusisoninteractionsamongstallcomponentsofurbanwatersystemsmanagement.Thetransitiontointegratedurbanwatermodelsspecificallyfocusesontheinteractionsbetweenurbanwatersystems,whichshouldbethepriorityofurbandevelopmentandsocietalfactors（Rauchetal.,2017Deleticetal.,2019）.Asearlyasthe1970s,researchinintegratedurbanwatersystemswasundertakeninGlattValley,Switzerland（Gujeretal.,1982）buttheresearchdidnotdocumentanymodellingresults.AtthefirstINTERURBAconferencein1993,emergingresearchonintegratedurbanwatermodelswasinitiallyreportedthatmarkedamilestoneinthedevelopmentofsuchintegratedmodels（Lijklemaetal.,1993）.

Integratedurbanwatermodelsareessentialtoolsforplanningandmanagementofurbandrainagesystems.In1971,USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）developedtheStormWaterManagementModel（SWMM）whichistheoneofmostpopulartoolfortheevaluationofstormwatermanagementsystems（Dengetal.,2018）.ArangeofcommercialstormwatermodelssuchasMike-Urban,InfoWorks,andDAnCE4Water,whichwerebuiltbasedonSWMM,arecommonlyusedworldwide.Although,themodelshavebroughtbenefitsforplannersandpolicymakers,thesemodelsencountermanychallengesbecauseurbanwatersystemsare,infact,verycomplex.Moreover,thelackofunderstandingofinteractionsbetweenallcomponents,thatis,understandingthewholesystem,andtheexpenseofdatarequirementsandlimitationsincomputationalhardwarehaveaffectedthemodel'sperformance（Candelaetal.,2011; rauchetal.,2005; Vanrolleghemetal.,2005）.Havingtheinsufficientunderstandingofmodeluncertaintiesalsocontributestothemodelbeingatriskoffailure（Dottoetal.,2011）.However,withtherecentadvancesinsoftwarepackagecapabilitiesandtechnologies,thesemodelshaveperformedbetterinrecentyears.Integratedmodelsgainedmomentumbycombiningandimprovingconventionalsinglemodelpackagesinthepastfewdecades（Bachetal.,2014）.

SpongeCity（SC）implementationpromisesmanybenefitsforoursocietyingeneralandurbanareasindevelopingcountriesinparticular（Chanetal.,2018; Jiaetal.,2017; Lietal.,2017; Meietal.,2018; ZhangandChui,2019; Zhangetal.,2018）.TheSpongeCityimplementationprocessconsistsoffourphases（Fig.1）.Phase1isanalysingregionalcontextincludingwaterissuesandexistingwatermanagementtoidentifythedemandforSpongeCityimplementation.Thenextphaseisdevelopingscenariosbasedonclimatechangescenarios,populationgrowthscenarios,andwaterdemandscenarios.Phase3indicatestheselectionanddevelopmentofmodellingsoftwaretosimulatetheperformanceofSpongeCitymeasurement.ThefinalphaseistheplanningandimplementationofSpongeCity.

ToobtainthepromisingbenefitsofSpongeCity,planninganddevelopmentofSpongeCitymeasurementsisimportant.However,itisadifficultworkasanurbanwatersystemishighlycomplexanduncertaininthefuture,withavarietyofaspectstobescrutinized,includingurbandevelopment,urbanwaterinfrastructureplanning,andmeasurementfeasibilityevaluation.AninterdisciplinaryapproachthatisdevelopinganintegratedSpongeCitymodeltodealwithinterdisciplinaryplanningproblemsisnecessary.SpongeCityconstructioninChinaownsitsuniqueaspectcomparedtootherconcepts（e.g.,SuDS,WSUD,BPMs）astheSpongeCitynotonlyaddressesstormwaterbutalsotacklesfloodingdisasters,waterrestoration,andwaterpurification.Nevertheless,thesimulationandevaluationtoolstopredictthecomprehensiveSpongeCity'sperformancearestilllimited.Thisnecessitatesthenoveldevelopmentofanintegratedmodeltoassesstheefficiencyandsustainabilityofthisnewkindofurbanwatermanagementscheme-SpongeCity-wheresocial,environmental,andhumanhealthassociatedfactorsaretakenintoaccount.Thismodelshouldbesufficientforrepresentingrealurbanwaterenvironments,andbeabletomaketheseintegratedapproachesfortheSpongeCityconcepttobefeasible.SpongeCitymodelsshouldbeabletointegratethesub-modelsandincludethefollowing:

（1）identifysuitableareasforSpongeCityconstruction;

（2）comparegreeninfrastructures,urbandevelopment,andclimatechangescenarios;（3）simulatethebestwaystoreducestormwaterrunoff,mitigatefloodingandimprovewaterquality;and（4）ensurethattheSpongeCityisenvironmentallyfriendly.DoingsowillmakelifeeasierforallthestakeholdersandcommunitiesandwillassisttheimplementationofSpongeCityinalarge-scale.

Arangeofpapersillustratesthedevelopment,barriers,andopportunitiesofintegratedurbanwatermodels. Bachetal.（2014） reviewed30yearsofresearchandtheadoptionofintegratedurbanwatermodelsandclassifiedthesemodelsintofourgroupsaccordingtotheirdegreesofintegration.Thereviewpaperalsomentionedthatuser-friendliness,administrativefragmentation,modelcomplexity,andcommunicationarecrucialfactors,whichhaveaffectedtheuptakeofintegratedurbanwatermodels（Bachetal.,2014）. Zomorodianetal.（2018） analyzedthefeasibilityofSystemDynamics（SD）applicationonaddressingthecomplexityofintegratedurbanwatermanagementmodelling. Salvadoreetal.（2015） compared43hydrologicalmodellingapproachesandidentifiedablueprintforfutureurbanhydrologicalmodellingdevelopment.Thestudydefinedthatthehighdegreeofuncertaintywillbereducedbytheapplicationofremotesensingdata,measurementmodelparametersandspatialcalibrationmethods.Recently,someintegratedmodelsweredevelopedforassessingtheSpongeCityperformance.SWMMandtheAnalyticalHierarchyProcess（AHP）method,forexample,servedtoquantifythebenefitsofLIDpracticesintheSpongeCity（Lietal.,2019）.AnenergyanalysisandGISmodelwerecombinedforapplicationtoselectedpivotalareasforSpongeCityconstruction（Zhaoetal.,2018）.Besides,spatialdatalikeLandsat-8TIRSwasusedtoevaluatetheeffectsofLIDpracticesinSpongeCityonthermallandscape（Houetal.,2019）.AnintegratedmodelnamedUwaterwasinnovatedbytheintegrationofSWMMandspatialdatamanagementtoolsinGIS,whichiscapabletoevaluatedrainagecapacityo