海绵城市外文文献翻译.docx

1、海绵城市外文文献翻译海绵城市外文翻译2020英文A new model framework for sponge city implementation: Emerging challenges and future developmentsThu Thuy Nguyen，Huu HaoNgo，etcAbstractSponge City concept is emerging as a new kind of integrated urban water systems, which aims to address urban water problems. However, its imp

2、lementation has encountered a variety of challenges. The lack of an integrated comprehensive model to assist Sponge City planning, implementation and life cycle assessment is one of the most challenging factors. This review briefly analyses the opportunity of existing urban water management models a

3、nd discusses the limitation of recent studies in the application of current integrated models for Sponge City implementation. Furthermore, it proposes a new Sponge City model framework by integrating four main sub-models including MIKE-URBAN, LCA, W045-BEST, and MCA in which environmental, social, a

4、nd economic aspects of Sponge City infrastructure options are simulated. The new structure of Sponge City model that includes the sub-model layer, input layer, module layer, output layer, and programing language layer is also illustrated. Therefore, the proposed model could be applied to optimize di

5、fferent Sponge City practices by not only assessing the drainage capacity of stormwater infrastructure but also pays attention to multi-criteria analysis of urban water system (including the possibility of assessing Sponge City ecosystem services for urban areas and watershed areas) as well. Balanci

6、ng between simplification and innovation of integrated models, increasing the efficiency of spatial data sharing systems, defining the acceptability of model complexity level and improving the corporation of multiple stakeholders emphasizing on possible future directions of a proper Sponge City desi

7、gn and construction model.Keywords: Sponge city, Integrated urban water models, Hydrological performance, Multiple criteria analysis, Model developmentIntroductionConcerns about water resources sustainability have increased worldwide due to population growth and urbanization problems (Carle et al.,

8、2005;Lee Joong and Heaney James, 2003). According to UnitedNations (2010)statistics, approximately 80% of the worlds total population is predicted to reside in urban zones by 2030. Studies on the complexity of urban water systems and new kinds of sustainable urban water management concepts are becom

9、ing prolific in hydrological scientific research (Salvadore et al., 2015). Todays conventional urban water management systems, where all components are constructed independently, do not possess the capabilities for functioning effectively especially in terms of urbanization and climate change requir

10、ements (Butler and Schutze, 2005;rauch et al., 2005). Examples of a diversified approach to achieve an integrated urban water management system (IUWM) include Best Management Practices (BMPs) in the United States, Water Sensitive Urban Design in Australia, Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SuDS) in

11、 the United Kingdom, and Sponge City in China. The objectives of these systems are to (1) pay good attention to all components of the system so that they work well, (2) implement water systems in both centralized and decentralized contexts, and (3) create multiple ecologically friendly services in u

12、rban zones including: water resources conservation, flooding disaster mitigation, relevant amenities and micro-climate improvements (Bach et al., 2014;Brown et al., 2009;Nguyen et al., 2018).Integrated urban water models have been developed and their focus is on interactions amongst all components o

13、f urban water systems management. The transition to integrated urban water models specifically focuses on the interactions between urban water systems, which should be the priority of urban development and societal factors (Rauch et al., 2017Deletic et al., 2019). As early as the 1970s, research in

14、integrated urban water systems was undertaken in Glatt Valley, Switzerland (Gujer et al., 1982) but the research did not document any modelling results. At the first INTERURBA conference in 1993, emerging research on integrated urban water models was initially reported that marked a milestone in the

15、 development of such integrated models (Lijklema et al., 1993).Integrated urban water models are essential tools for planning and management of urban drainage systems. In 1971, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) which is the one of most popular

16、 tool for the evaluation of stormwater management systems (Deng et al., 2018). A range of commercial stormwater models such as Mike-Urban, InfoWorks, and DAnCE4Water, which were built based on SWMM, are commonly used worldwide. Although, the models have brought benefits for planners and policymakers

17、, these models encounter many challenges because urban water systems are, in fact, very complex. Moreover, the lack of understanding of interactions between all components, that is, understanding the whole system, and the expense of data requirements and limitations in computational hardware have af

18、fected the models performance (Candela et al., 2011;rauch et al., 2005;Vanrolleghem et al., 2005). Having the insufficient understanding of model uncertainties also contributes to the model being at risk of failure (Dotto et al., 2011). However, with the recent advances in software package capabilit

19、ies and technologies, these models have performed better in recent years. Integrated models gained momentum by combining and improving conventional single model packages in the past few decades (Bach et al., 2014).Sponge City (SC) implementation promises many benefits for our society in general and

20、urban areas in developing countries in particular (Chan et al., 2018;Jia et al., 2017;Li et al., 2017;Mei et al., 2018;Zhang and Chui, 2019;Zhang et al., 2018). The Sponge City implementation process consists of four phases (Fig. 1). Phase 1 is analysing regional context including water issues and e

21、xisting water management to identify the demand for Sponge City implementation. The next phase is developing scenarios based on climate change scenarios, population growth scenarios, and water demand scenarios. Phase 3 indicates the selection and development of modelling software to simulate the per

22、formance of Sponge City measurement. The final phase is the planning and implementation of Sponge City.To obtain the promising benefits of Sponge City, planning and development of Sponge City measurements is important. However, it is a difficult work as an urban water system is highly complex and un

23、certain in the future, with a variety of aspects to be scrutinized, including urban development, urban water infrastructure planning, and measurement feasibility evaluation. An interdisciplinary approach that is developing an integrated Sponge City model to deal with interdisciplinary planning probl

24、ems is necessary. Sponge City construction in China owns its unique aspect compared to other concepts (e.g., SuDS, WSUD, BPMs) as the Sponge City not only addresses stormwater but also tackles flooding disasters, water restoration, and water purification. Nevertheless, the simulation and evaluation

25、tools to predict the comprehensive Sponge Citys performance are still limited. This necessitates the novel development of an integrated model to assess the efficiency and sustainability of this new kind of urban water management scheme -Sponge City-where social, environmental, and human health assoc

26、iated factors are taken into account. This model should be sufficient for representing real urban water environments, and be able to make these integrated approaches for the Sponge City concept to be feasible. Sponge City models should be able to integrate the sub-models and include the following: (

27、1) identify suitable areas for Sponge City construction; (2) compare green infrastructures, urban development, and climate change scenarios; (3) simulate the best ways to reduce stormwater runoff, mitigate flooding and improve water quality; and (4) ensure that the Sponge City is environmentally fri

28、endly. Doing so will make life easier for all the stakeholders and communities and will assist the implementation of Sponge City in a large-scale.A range of papers illustrates the development, barriers, and opportunities of integrated urban water models.Bach et al. (2014)reviewed 30 years of researc

29、h and the adoption of integrated urban water models and classified these models into four groups according to their degrees of integration. The review paper also mentioned that user-friendliness, administrative fragmentation, model complexity, and communication are crucial factors, which have affect

30、ed the uptake of integrated urban water models (Bach et al., 2014).Zomorodian et al. (2018)analyzed the feasibility of System Dynamics (SD) application on addressing the complexity of integrated urban water management modelling.Salvadore et al. (2015)compared 43 hydrological modelling approaches and

31、 identified a blueprint for future urban hydrological modelling development. The study defined that the high degree of uncertainty will be reduced by the application of remote sensing data, measurement model parameters and spatial calibration methods. Recently, some integrated models were developed

32、for assessing the Sponge City performance. SWMM and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, for example, served to quantify the benefits of LID practices in the Sponge City (Li et al., 2019). An energy analysis and GIS model were combined for application to selected pivotal areas for Sponge C

33、ity construction (Zhao et al., 2018). Besides, spatial data like Landsat-8TIRS was used to evaluate the effects of LID practices in Sponge City on thermal landscape (Hou et al., 2019). An integrated model named Uwater was innovated by the integration of SWMM and spatial data management tools in GIS, which is capable to evaluate drainage capacity o