高考语法填空考点总结.docx
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高考语法填空考点总结
语法填空
考点分析
有提示词的解题技巧
一:
谓语动词:
若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。
1.Hisfearoffailure_______(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatother
childrenplayedexcitedly.kept
2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,
______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closed
3.Threepeople____(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocal
clinic..
weretaken
4.Shetoldhimthatshe________(bring)himthewaterintenminutes.would
bring
二、非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。
若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词、过去分词,还是不定式。
非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。
技巧一:
作主语或宾语,通常用现在分词形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。
1.Butitisnotenoughonly_______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammar
book.
解析:
因it是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填tomemorize。
1/15
2._____________(speak)outyourfeelingwon'tmakeyoufeelashamed.
解析:
句中已有谓语won'tmake,所以speak应为非谓语动词;谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情况,要用动名词短语,故填Speaking。
技巧二:
作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。
2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,are
verylikely_______(succeed).
解析:
因在形容词likely后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填tosucceed。
技巧三:
作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去分词。
这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。
1.Hesawthestone,____________(say)tohimself:
“Thenightwillbevery
dark.”
解析:
句中已有谓语saw,所给动词与saw不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因He与say是主动关系,故填saying作伴随状语。
2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,______________(follow)bytheforeign
guests.
解析:
句中已有谓语went,而follow又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词;又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系,故用过去分词作伴随状语。
3.Therewillbeameeting,___________(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthe
film.
解析:
因ameeting与start是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明ameeting,故填starting。
4.Lessons_______________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwith
otherpeople.
2/15
解析:
因句中已有谓语canhelp,所以learn应为非谓语动词;又因lesson与learn是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填learned。
特别提醒
有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词,而是要求词类转换。
如:
ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather__________(choose)oftieshardly
everpleasedherfather.
解析:
括号中所给词choose虽然是动词,但在句中作主语,且在形容词性物主代词后,应当填choose的名词形式choice。
谓语动词与非谓语动词的比较练习:
Heenteredtheroom,__________(hold)abookinhishand.holding
Heenteredtheroomand_________(hold)abookinhishand.held
Ipolitelyrefusedherinvitationand___________(walk)away.walked
Ipolitelyrefusedherinvitation,___________(walk)away.walking
Aboy__________(call)Jackcameheretoday.called
Aboywho_____________(call)Jackcameheretoday.wascalled
Weenjoythemovie___________(direct)byafamousartist.directed
Weenjoythemoviewhich_______________(direct)byafamousartist.was
directed
WhenI_________(hear)thenews,Iwasexcited.heard
When____________(hear)thenews,Iwasexcited.hearing
UnlessI____________(invite),Iwon,tattendtheparty.wasinvited
Unless____________(invite),Iwon'tattendtheparty.invited
3/15
给出的提示词是形容词或副词
当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词,且根据句义空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词,则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。
Heisoneofthe_________(great)manthatIhaveeverknown.greatest
____________(luck)thanotherstudentsinherclass,shewasadmittedto
BeijingUniversity.Luckier
Whenheseesotherstudents__________(good)thanhim,heusuallythinkthat
theyhavehigherIQ.better
Atfirstwewantedtoflybecauseitwouldbe_________(fast)andwouldsaveus
moretime.faster
The___________(big)andmostpowerfulanimalintheforestwasthebear.
biggest
The___________(young)angelwasveryangryandblametheolderangel.
younger
解题技巧:
若两者之间比较,或者有than,就用比较级
不出现than,即省略了“than+比较对象”这种隐含式比较级,要注意语境理解
注意“less/least+原级”这样的降级比较
若是多者之间比较,或者有in、of等介词短语表示比较范围,要用最高级
比较级前可用abit、alittle表示稍稍,一点;用much、alot表示“……得多”、even表示“更加”
as…as…之间用原级
最高级前要有the
4/15
(1)Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould.Hejumped
even_________(hard)andnearlymadehimselfout.harder
(3)Ofthetwocoats,I'dchoosethe_____________(cheap)onetosparesome
moneyforabook.cheaper
(4)Youaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabit_______________(slow)?
slower
(5)Thiswashingmachineisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseituses
__________(little)waterandelectricitythanoldermodels.less
(6)ThemelontheSmithsservedatdinnerwouldhavetasted
______________(good)ifithadbeenputinthefridgeforalittlewhile.better
词性转换
根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。
①作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词。
如:
Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhis
bigblueeyes.
解析:
因在系动词felt后作表语,用形容词,故填silent。
Ina________(danger)partofthesea,theylosttheirway.
解析:
在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填dangerous。
Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents________(interest)
inthesubject.
解析:
因所填词在句中作宾语mostoftheirstudents的补足语,用形容词;表示“感兴趣”,填interested。
②作主语,或在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词。
5/15
WhenChina'sancientscientificandtechnological________(achieve)are
mentioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.
解析:
在时间状语从句中,要求填的词作主语,China'sancientscientificand
technological是主语的定语;作主语要用名词,又由are可知,主语是复数,故填achievements。
Thesepeoplehavemadegreat____________(contribute)toChinawiththeir
work.
解析:
在句中作及物动词havemade的宾语,要用名词形式;表示作贡献,其前面没有不定冠词时,习惯上用复数,故填contributions。
③在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词。
如:
Their___________(happy)isbasedonmoney.
解析:
在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词,故填happiness。
The___________(operate)ofthesystemisverydifficult.
解析:
在冠词后,要用名词,故填operation。
④修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。
如:
AsIlooked__________(close)atthisgirl,Ifoundthatshewasn'tuglyatall.
解析:
修饰动词looked,作状语,用副词,故填closely。
Theremustbesomething____________(serious)wrongwithoursociety.
解析:
要求填的词修饰形容词wrong,作状语,用副词,故填seriously。
SinglesareflockingtotheInternet________(main)becausetheirbusylifestyles
leavethemlittletime.
解析:
修饰because引导的原因状语从句,修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,故填mainly。
______________(fortunate),onlytwostudentscanpassthefinalexam.
6/15
解析:
修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,且根据句意可知,要表达“不幸的是”,故填Unfortunately
⑤派生词:
有可能是词义转换题,词类或词性不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系,需要在词前加前缀un-,im-,,dis-等,或在该词后加后缀-lessPeoplecertainlyhaveavarietyof
reasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeis
________(use).
解析:
作表语要用形容词;又由句意可知,作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”,故填useless。
Yourmistakecausedalotof________(necessary)workintheoffice.
解析:
在名词前作定语,仍用形容词形式;但根据句意,“错误引起了许多不必要的麻烦事”,故填unnecessary。
(im)possible(im)polite(un)happy(un)healthy
(un)kind
care(less)home(less)use(less)(dis)like
Directionmeansobjectives.Youcangetnowhere__6__anobjectiveinlife.
Youcantrytowriteyourobjectiveonpaperandmakesomeplanstoachieve
__7__.Onlyinthisway__8__youknowhowtoarrangeyourtimeandtospendyour
time__9__(proper).Andyoushouldalsohaveabelief__10__youaresureto
succeedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.
【解析】本文告诉我们,要想成功,最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。
1.However与前句是转折关系,空格前后都有标点,用副词however。
2.tostickto意为“坚持”。
3.must由语境揣摸出作者的语气,句意为:
在通往成功的路上,你必须坚持你的方向。
7/15
4.helping与guiding并列,一起补充说明alamp,故用现在分词。
5.Otherwise由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知,要填表示“否则”的otherwise。
6.without句意:
人生如果没有目标,你将一事无成。
7.itit指代yourobjective。
8.will/can句意:
只有这样,你才会知道……
9.properly修饰动词spend作状语用副词。
0.that引导同位语从句,从句中不缺句子成分,且意义完整,故填that。
语法填空:
纯空格的解题技巧
一、冠词
(一)不定冠词a,an的用法
a和an的区别:
a用于辅音开头的单词前,an用于元音开头的单词前
Thereis____“u”intheword”use”.
Asweallknow,____hourisequalto60minutes.
(二)定冠词the的用法:
冠词练习:
Hetalkedtousin____unusualway.an
Isatnexttothemanandintroducemyself.Wehad___amazingconversation.
an
Onemorninghewaswalkingalongthestreetwhenastrangerstopped
him.”Well,”answered_____stranger,“areyoustillwillingtotakeachance?
”
the
8/15
John,thereis____Mr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.A
Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclear
water.____waterwassweet.The
二、介词
介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on,in,at,with,by,through等。
如果名词、代词前是空格,且该名词或代词不是作主语、宾语、或表语,而更多是作状语时,很可能填介词。
另外,含有介词的固定搭配要积累。
1、Ididn'twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn'tlikeleaving
him_______hisowneither.ononone'eown=byoneself独自地,靠自己地
2、Theyoungmanwenthome________ahappyheart.with
3、Hewasverytired________doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltvery
happy.
from/after
4、Ifyoustillhaven'tgotamotto,pleasechooseonebecauseamottocanhave
agreatinfluence_____you.on
5、Themachineworks____itself.by
6、It'sunbelievablethatJohnfelloffthetruck_______beinghurt.without
7、Rosewaswildwithjoy_____theresultoftheexam.as
8、Assoonasheenteredtheroom,hetook____hiscapandsatdown.off
9、Thenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1000to1200.Thismeans
thatithasrisen______20percent.by
三、代词
代词的种类繁多,包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等,其中近年来对代词it在句中指代事物,作形式主语或形式宾语的用法较9/15
常见。
如果句子缺少主语或宾语,那一定是填名词或代词,名词一般都是词性变换,所以没给出提示词的,一般都是填代词。
Scientistsinthefuturewillcertainlyfindotherwaystomakelifelastlonger.
______willfindcuresformorediseases.缺人称代词,且作主格,填They
Asateenager,Tomspentsummersworkingasalifeguard.Fortyyearslater,
_____becametheoldestpresident.缺人称代词,且作主格,填he
“Iamdisappointedthatyouliedtome,Jack.Iamangry,notwith____,butwith
myself.”Dadsaid.
缺人称代词,且作宾格,填you
4.Tomisakind-heartedman,soyoucanask______forhelp.缺人称代词,且作宾语,填him
5.Theboyhadmisunderstoodthedoctor.Hethoughtthathewasgoingtogive
hissisterall____blood.
缺形容词性物主代词,填his
6.Hereismydictionary.Maybe______isonthetable.Ifyoustillcan'tfindit,
youmayaskyourmotherforhelp.缺主语,且没有提示词,所以根据句意,缺名词性物主代词,填yours
7.-----CouldIborrowyoupen?
-------Yes,help________.缺反身代词,填yourself.
8.Byplayinggames,th