运营管理期末复习上范文.docx

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运营管理期末复习上范文

【第一张operationsstrategyandmanagingchance】

1.WhatisOperationsManagement?

Operationsmanagement(OM)isdefinedasthedesign,operating,andimprovementoftheSystemsthatcreateanddeliverthefirm’sprimaryproducts.

Planning

Organizing

Staffing(配置)

Directing

Controling

2.WhatisTransformationProcess?

TransformationProcess:

Acollectionoftasksandbuffer,connectedbyflowsofmaterialandinformation,thattransformsvariousinputsintooutputs.

在物流和信息流的共同作用下,将(各种要素)投入变成(产品、服务)产出的一系列任务和缓冲的集合。

3.ManufacturingorServiceOperations?

商品生产交付服务

Output(产出)

Uniformityofoutput(产出一致性)

Uniformityofinput(投入一致性)

Laborcontent(劳动内容)

Measurementofproductivity(生产率测定)

Customercontact(客户联系)

Opportunitytocorrectqualityproblemsbeforedelivery(更正前交付质量问题的机会)

Evaluation(评估)

Patentable(专利的可取得性)

4.WhatdoesOperationsMangerDo?

MakingSupplyMeetDemand

系统system

Asetofinterrelatedpartsthatmustworktogether.一系列相互关联的必须一起工作(共同运作)的部分的集合。

4.SystemDesign

Systemcapacity(系统容量)

Locationoffacilities(设施定位)

Arrangementofdepartments(部门安排)

Productandservicesplanning(生产服务计划)

Acquisitionandplacementofequipment(设备的采集和放置)

5.SystemOperations

Managementofpersonnel工作人员的管理

Inventoryplanningandcontrol存货的计划和控制

Scheduling计划

Projectmanagement项目管理

Qualityassurance质量保障

【第二章战略与运营战略OperationsStrategyandCompetitiveness】

1.WhatisStrategy?

Inmilitary,strategyisaboutthevictoryinthewar,Attackanddefending~~~

Strategyisaboutpositioning,findingrightpositioninthemarket,thentargetingthem(MPorter:

HBS,1996)战略是关于定位,找到在市场上的正确位置,然后以之为目标并实现。

‘BusinessStrategy=competitivestrategy’

企业发展战略定义为包括企业战略(Corporatestrategy)、商业战略(Businessstrategy)及各职能战略(Functionalstrategies)的战略体系

TypesofBusinessStrategies

即低成本、市场分割、产品差异化战略。

2.WhatisCompetitiveStrategy?

Competitiveness:

Theattractivenessoftheproductitsuppliesinthemarketplacerelativetoitscompetition.竞争力是指公司与其竞争对手在供应市场上的商品或服务的吸引力。

Corecompetency:

BusinessStrategy=competitivestrategy:

Howastrategicbusinessunit(SBU)addressesthespecificmarketsitservesandproductsitprovides.战略业务单元如何为其服务市场或产品市场安排定位。

3.WhatisOperationsStrategy?

Asettingbroadpoliciesandplansforusingtheresourcesoffirmtobestsupportitslongtermcompetitivestrategy.isOneoffunctionalstrategies

4.CompetitivenessDimensions竞争维度:

ProductAttributes:

(1)Price(Cost)P

(2)QualityQ

Productfeatures,performance,reliability

(3)RapidDeliveryD

reliabledelivery

(4)VarietyV

Degreeofcustomization

(5)

(6)

ProcessAttributes:

Measuringtheabilityofprocessestoproduceanddelivercorrespondingproductattributes:

(1)Cost:

成本thetotalcostincurredinproducinganddeliveringoutputs.

(2)FlowTime:

生产时间thetotaltimeneededtotransformaflowunitfrominputintooutput.

(3)Consistency:

生产和提供高质量的产品的能力theabilitytoproduceanddeliverqualityproducts.

(4)Flexibility:

生产和提供所需的产品种类的能力theabilitytoproduceanddeliverdesiredproductvariety.

5.DealingwithTrade-offsandPriorities

Orderqualifiersarethebasiccriteriathatpermitthefirm’sproductstobeconsideredascandidatesforpurchasebycustomers

Orderwinnersarethecriteriathatdifferentiatetheproductsandservicesofonefirmfromanother

【第四章产品设计ProductDesign】

1.product:

Thegoodsorservicetheorganizationprovidessociety组织向社会提供的商品或服务

Productdesign:

它将人的某种目的或需要转换为一个具体的物理或工具的过程

Productdevelopmentprocess:

非为六个步骤:

即planning,conceptdevelopment,system-leveldevelopment,detaildesign,testandrefinement.Productionramp-up.

2.Productlifecycle:

所谓产品生命周期,是指产品从进入市场开始,直到最终退出市场为止所经历的市场生命循环过程.分为介绍期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期。

Introduction:

Finetuning

Research

Productdevelopment

Processmodificationandenhancement

Supplierdevelopment

Growth:

Productdesignbeginstostabilize

Effectiveforecastingofcapacitybecomesnecessary

Addingorenhancingcapacitymaybenecessary

Maturity:

Competitorsnowestablished

Highvolume,innovativeproductionmaybeneeded

Improvedcostcontrol,reductioninoptions,paringdownofproductline

Decline:

Unlessproductmakesaspecialcontributiontotheorganization,mustplantoterminateoffering

3.TypicalPhasesofProductDevelopment

Planning(j计划)

ConceptDevelopment(概念设计)

System-LevelDesign(系统设计)

DesignDetail(详细设计)

TestingandRefinement(测试和完善)

ProductionRamp-up(生产提高)

4.idealproduct:

(1)QualityFunctionDeployment:

质量功能展开

Theprocessfortranslatingcustomerrequirementsintoaproduct’sdesign.

1)Interfunctionalteamsfrommarketing,designengineering,andmanufacturing

2)Voiceofthecustomer

3)HouseofQuality

UseofQFDteams

1)Identifyimportantcustomerattributes.

2)Designsuperiorproduct.

3)Shortenproductdesigntime.

4)Facilitateinterfunctionalcooperation.

(2)HouseofQuality:

Deployingresourcesthroughtheorganizationinresponsetocustomerrequirements

5.DesigningfortheCustomer:

6.ValueAnalysis/ValueEngineering(VA/VE)

Achieveequivalentorbetterperformanceatalowercostwhilemaintainingallfunctionalrequirementsdefinedbythecustomer.

7.DesignforManufacturability

Wedesignit,youbuildit”or“Overthewall”

DesignforManufacturingandAssembly:

GreatestimprovementsrelatedtoDFMAarisefromsimplificationoftheproductbyreducingthenumberofseparateparts

8.ConcurrentEngineering

Concurrentengineeringcanbedefinedasthesimultaneousdevelopmentofprojectdesignfunctions,withopenandinteractivecommunicationexistingamongallteammembersforthepurposesofreducingtimetomarket,decreasingcost,andimprovingqualityandreliability.

为了减少上市时间,降低成本,提高质量和可靠性,在项目设计的同时,在所有团队成员中进行开放和互动式交流。

Let’sworktogethersimultaneously,也就是共同工作。

9.MeasuringProductDevelopmentPerformance产品开发绩效测量

评价指标:

市场时间、生产率、质量。

【第五章ProcessAnalysis】

1.WhatisaProcess?

AProcessisatransformationofinputintooutput.将投入转化成产出

Process:

Acollectionoftasks,connectedbyflowsofmaterialandinformation,thattransformsvariousinputsintooutputs.

2.ToolstoDescribeProcesses?

FlowDiagrams-Showsthemovementofmaterials流程图——生产物流路线

1)Agraphictooltopresentthemajorelementsofaprocess

2)Thebasicelementscanincludetasksoroperations,flowsoftheflowunits,andstorageareasorqueues

3)Itisanidealmethodologybywhichtobeginanalyzingaprocess

Time-FunctionMapping-Showsflowsandtimeframe时间函数图——展现流程和时间结构

ValueStreamMapping-Showsflowsandtimeandvalueaddedbeyondtheimmediateorganization价值流程图——-显示流程、时间和立即组织之外的附加值

ProcessCharts-Usessymbolstoshowkeyactivities用标志去表示关键活动

1)RECTANGLESRepresentingactivities,Tasks/Operations矩形表示活动、任务或者操作

2)ArrowsRepresentingFlowofMaterial/Information箭头代表材料或者信息流

3)TRIANGLESRepresentingbuffers/inventories三角形代表缓冲或者存储

ServiceBlueprinting-focusesoncustomer/providerinteraction服务蓝图

3Activity/BufferNetwork?

Activity:

Smallestprocessofinterest

Conversion:

(转变)Changingthephysicalorchemicalpropertiesoftheinputs

e.g.,oilrefining,baking,servingcustomers,education,(炼油、烘焙、服务客户、教育,)

Fabrication:

(加工)Shaping,machining,orconstructingtheinputs

e.g.,Machinetools,woodwork,textiles(成型、加工或构建输入如机床、木制品、纺织)

Assembly:

(安装)Creatingsubassembliesorfinalassembliesfrom(usuallydiscrete)inputcomponentse.g.,Automobiles,computers(创建组件或最终组件(通常是离散)输入组件

如。

、汽车、电脑)

Inspection/Testing/Validation:

(检查测试验证)Non-value-addingoperationfromthestandpointoftheproduct’scapabilitiesorvaluetocustomers

Buffers:

Storage(inventory)betweenactivities

Thestorageofflowunitsbetweenconsecutiveactivities.

Resource:

Tangibleassetsthatare“utilized”(利用的有形资产).AllocatingresourcestoactivitiesforintegratingeverypartoftheprocessisKEY整合每一过程的关键是给各项活动合理分配资源

4ClassificationofProcesses

ByTheNumberofstage:

Single-stageProcess单级流程Multi-stageProcess多级流程

ByWithorWithoutBuffer:

Multi-stageProcesswithBuffer

ByProcessArchitecture:

Projectisaseriesofrelatedjobsusuallydirectedtowardsomemajoroutputandrequiringasignificantperiodoftimetoperform.项目是一系列通常针对一些主要产出的相关工作,需要很长一段时间来执行。

1)Uniqueproduct,verylowvolume产品唯一、产量小

2)Veryflexible(generalpurpose)resources资源灵活

3)Productisstable,M/C’sandtoolsaremobile产品稳定JobShopFlow加工车间流

1)Highproductvariety,verylowvolume产品繁多产量低

2)Flexible(generalpurpose)resources资源灵活3)Functionallayout功能布局

4)Jumbledflows,oftenuniquetoeachproduct混流,通常每个产品所特有的

BatchFlow批量生产

Smallbatches(thoughbiggerthanjobshop)小批量

Stablelineofproducts产品生产线稳定Morestandardizedprocessflowswhichmostorallproductsfollowwithminordeviations更标准化的流程流,大多数甚至所有产品遵循小偏差LineFlow线路流程

1)DisconnectedLineFlows:

Discretepartsmovingfromworkstationtoworkstationforprocessingorassembly产品部件从一个工作站到另一个工作站进行加工或组装。

Rigidprocessflows严格的流程

Workstationsarenotphysicallyconnected非物理连接Workersmoveproduct工人移动产品Worker-pacedflow工人节奏流

2)ConnectedLineFlows:

The“classic”assemblyline

LargerscaleMachine-pacedflowContinuousFlow:

Extremelyrigidprocessflow极其严格

Massivescale(capitalintensive)规模极大Highlyautomated高度自动化Productflowsincontinuous(ratherthandiscrete)quantities产品生产连续

5.Theproduct—processmatrix

SixComparativeDimensions:

(0)Product:

Varietyandquantity种类和数量

(1)Flow流程

(2)Materials材料(3)Information信息(4)Resource:

LaborandCapital资源:

劳动力和资金(5)Management管理

Product:

Fromcustomtocommodity(从定制到商品化)

Flow:

Fromfree-formtorigid(从自由到严格的生产流)

6.OtherTypesofProcesses:

Make-to-order订单生产Onlyactivatedinresponsetoanactualorder对实际需求积极响应Bothwork-in-processandfinishedgoodsinventorykepttoaminimum使得在产品和成品的库存量保持在最低。

Make-to-stock库存生产Processactivatedtomeetexpectedorforecastdemand根据预测需求进行生产

Customerordersareser

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