运营管理期末复习上范文.docx
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运营管理期末复习上范文
【第一张operationsstrategyandmanagingchance】
1.WhatisOperationsManagement?
Operationsmanagement(OM)isdefinedasthedesign,operating,andimprovementoftheSystemsthatcreateanddeliverthefirm’sprimaryproducts.
Planning
Organizing
Staffing(配置)
Directing
Controling
2.WhatisTransformationProcess?
TransformationProcess:
Acollectionoftasksandbuffer,connectedbyflowsofmaterialandinformation,thattransformsvariousinputsintooutputs.
在物流和信息流的共同作用下,将(各种要素)投入变成(产品、服务)产出的一系列任务和缓冲的集合。
3.ManufacturingorServiceOperations?
商品生产交付服务
Output(产出)
Uniformityofoutput(产出一致性)
Uniformityofinput(投入一致性)
Laborcontent(劳动内容)
Measurementofproductivity(生产率测定)
Customercontact(客户联系)
Opportunitytocorrectqualityproblemsbeforedelivery(更正前交付质量问题的机会)
Evaluation(评估)
Patentable(专利的可取得性)
4.WhatdoesOperationsMangerDo?
MakingSupplyMeetDemand
系统system
Asetofinterrelatedpartsthatmustworktogether.一系列相互关联的必须一起工作(共同运作)的部分的集合。
4.SystemDesign
Systemcapacity(系统容量)
Locationoffacilities(设施定位)
Arrangementofdepartments(部门安排)
Productandservicesplanning(生产服务计划)
Acquisitionandplacementofequipment(设备的采集和放置)
5.SystemOperations
Managementofpersonnel工作人员的管理
Inventoryplanningandcontrol存货的计划和控制
Scheduling计划
Projectmanagement项目管理
Qualityassurance质量保障
【第二章战略与运营战略OperationsStrategyandCompetitiveness】
1.WhatisStrategy?
Inmilitary,strategyisaboutthevictoryinthewar,Attackanddefending~~~
Strategyisaboutpositioning,findingrightpositioninthemarket,thentargetingthem(MPorter:
HBS,1996)战略是关于定位,找到在市场上的正确位置,然后以之为目标并实现。
‘BusinessStrategy=competitivestrategy’
企业发展战略定义为包括企业战略(Corporatestrategy)、商业战略(Businessstrategy)及各职能战略(Functionalstrategies)的战略体系
TypesofBusinessStrategies
即低成本、市场分割、产品差异化战略。
2.WhatisCompetitiveStrategy?
Competitiveness:
Theattractivenessoftheproductitsuppliesinthemarketplacerelativetoitscompetition.竞争力是指公司与其竞争对手在供应市场上的商品或服务的吸引力。
Corecompetency:
BusinessStrategy=competitivestrategy:
Howastrategicbusinessunit(SBU)addressesthespecificmarketsitservesandproductsitprovides.战略业务单元如何为其服务市场或产品市场安排定位。
3.WhatisOperationsStrategy?
Asettingbroadpoliciesandplansforusingtheresourcesoffirmtobestsupportitslongtermcompetitivestrategy.isOneoffunctionalstrategies
4.CompetitivenessDimensions竞争维度:
ProductAttributes:
(1)Price(Cost)P
(2)QualityQ
Productfeatures,performance,reliability
(3)RapidDeliveryD
reliabledelivery
(4)VarietyV
Degreeofcustomization
(5)
(6)
ProcessAttributes:
Measuringtheabilityofprocessestoproduceanddelivercorrespondingproductattributes:
(1)Cost:
成本thetotalcostincurredinproducinganddeliveringoutputs.
(2)FlowTime:
生产时间thetotaltimeneededtotransformaflowunitfrominputintooutput.
(3)Consistency:
生产和提供高质量的产品的能力theabilitytoproduceanddeliverqualityproducts.
(4)Flexibility:
生产和提供所需的产品种类的能力theabilitytoproduceanddeliverdesiredproductvariety.
5.DealingwithTrade-offsandPriorities
Orderqualifiersarethebasiccriteriathatpermitthefirm’sproductstobeconsideredascandidatesforpurchasebycustomers
Orderwinnersarethecriteriathatdifferentiatetheproductsandservicesofonefirmfromanother
【第四章产品设计ProductDesign】
1.product:
Thegoodsorservicetheorganizationprovidessociety组织向社会提供的商品或服务
Productdesign:
它将人的某种目的或需要转换为一个具体的物理或工具的过程
Productdevelopmentprocess:
非为六个步骤:
即planning,conceptdevelopment,system-leveldevelopment,detaildesign,testandrefinement.Productionramp-up.
2.Productlifecycle:
所谓产品生命周期,是指产品从进入市场开始,直到最终退出市场为止所经历的市场生命循环过程.分为介绍期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期。
Introduction:
Finetuning
Research
Productdevelopment
Processmodificationandenhancement
Supplierdevelopment
Growth:
Productdesignbeginstostabilize
Effectiveforecastingofcapacitybecomesnecessary
Addingorenhancingcapacitymaybenecessary
Maturity:
Competitorsnowestablished
Highvolume,innovativeproductionmaybeneeded
Improvedcostcontrol,reductioninoptions,paringdownofproductline
Decline:
Unlessproductmakesaspecialcontributiontotheorganization,mustplantoterminateoffering
3.TypicalPhasesofProductDevelopment
Planning(j计划)
ConceptDevelopment(概念设计)
System-LevelDesign(系统设计)
DesignDetail(详细设计)
TestingandRefinement(测试和完善)
ProductionRamp-up(生产提高)
4.idealproduct:
(1)QualityFunctionDeployment:
质量功能展开
Theprocessfortranslatingcustomerrequirementsintoaproduct’sdesign.
1)Interfunctionalteamsfrommarketing,designengineering,andmanufacturing
2)Voiceofthecustomer
3)HouseofQuality
UseofQFDteams
1)Identifyimportantcustomerattributes.
2)Designsuperiorproduct.
3)Shortenproductdesigntime.
4)Facilitateinterfunctionalcooperation.
(2)HouseofQuality:
Deployingresourcesthroughtheorganizationinresponsetocustomerrequirements
5.DesigningfortheCustomer:
6.ValueAnalysis/ValueEngineering(VA/VE)
Achieveequivalentorbetterperformanceatalowercostwhilemaintainingallfunctionalrequirementsdefinedbythecustomer.
7.DesignforManufacturability
Wedesignit,youbuildit”or“Overthewall”
DesignforManufacturingandAssembly:
GreatestimprovementsrelatedtoDFMAarisefromsimplificationoftheproductbyreducingthenumberofseparateparts
8.ConcurrentEngineering
Concurrentengineeringcanbedefinedasthesimultaneousdevelopmentofprojectdesignfunctions,withopenandinteractivecommunicationexistingamongallteammembersforthepurposesofreducingtimetomarket,decreasingcost,andimprovingqualityandreliability.
为了减少上市时间,降低成本,提高质量和可靠性,在项目设计的同时,在所有团队成员中进行开放和互动式交流。
Let’sworktogethersimultaneously,也就是共同工作。
9.MeasuringProductDevelopmentPerformance产品开发绩效测量
评价指标:
市场时间、生产率、质量。
【第五章ProcessAnalysis】
1.WhatisaProcess?
AProcessisatransformationofinputintooutput.将投入转化成产出
Process:
Acollectionoftasks,connectedbyflowsofmaterialandinformation,thattransformsvariousinputsintooutputs.
2.ToolstoDescribeProcesses?
FlowDiagrams-Showsthemovementofmaterials流程图——生产物流路线
1)Agraphictooltopresentthemajorelementsofaprocess
2)Thebasicelementscanincludetasksoroperations,flowsoftheflowunits,andstorageareasorqueues
3)Itisanidealmethodologybywhichtobeginanalyzingaprocess
Time-FunctionMapping-Showsflowsandtimeframe时间函数图——展现流程和时间结构
ValueStreamMapping-Showsflowsandtimeandvalueaddedbeyondtheimmediateorganization价值流程图——-显示流程、时间和立即组织之外的附加值
ProcessCharts-Usessymbolstoshowkeyactivities用标志去表示关键活动
1)RECTANGLESRepresentingactivities,Tasks/Operations矩形表示活动、任务或者操作
2)ArrowsRepresentingFlowofMaterial/Information箭头代表材料或者信息流
3)TRIANGLESRepresentingbuffers/inventories三角形代表缓冲或者存储
ServiceBlueprinting-focusesoncustomer/providerinteraction服务蓝图
3Activity/BufferNetwork?
Activity:
Smallestprocessofinterest
Conversion:
(转变)Changingthephysicalorchemicalpropertiesoftheinputs
e.g.,oilrefining,baking,servingcustomers,education,(炼油、烘焙、服务客户、教育,)
Fabrication:
(加工)Shaping,machining,orconstructingtheinputs
e.g.,Machinetools,woodwork,textiles(成型、加工或构建输入如机床、木制品、纺织)
Assembly:
(安装)Creatingsubassembliesorfinalassembliesfrom(usuallydiscrete)inputcomponentse.g.,Automobiles,computers(创建组件或最终组件(通常是离散)输入组件
如。
、汽车、电脑)
Inspection/Testing/Validation:
(检查测试验证)Non-value-addingoperationfromthestandpointoftheproduct’scapabilitiesorvaluetocustomers
Buffers:
Storage(inventory)betweenactivities
Thestorageofflowunitsbetweenconsecutiveactivities.
Resource:
Tangibleassetsthatare“utilized”(利用的有形资产).AllocatingresourcestoactivitiesforintegratingeverypartoftheprocessisKEY整合每一过程的关键是给各项活动合理分配资源
4ClassificationofProcesses
ByTheNumberofstage:
Single-stageProcess单级流程Multi-stageProcess多级流程
ByWithorWithoutBuffer:
Multi-stageProcesswithBuffer
ByProcessArchitecture:
Projectisaseriesofrelatedjobsusuallydirectedtowardsomemajoroutputandrequiringasignificantperiodoftimetoperform.项目是一系列通常针对一些主要产出的相关工作,需要很长一段时间来执行。
1)Uniqueproduct,verylowvolume产品唯一、产量小
2)Veryflexible(generalpurpose)resources资源灵活
3)Productisstable,M/C’sandtoolsaremobile产品稳定JobShopFlow加工车间流
1)Highproductvariety,verylowvolume产品繁多产量低
2)Flexible(generalpurpose)resources资源灵活3)Functionallayout功能布局
4)Jumbledflows,oftenuniquetoeachproduct混流,通常每个产品所特有的
BatchFlow批量生产
Smallbatches(thoughbiggerthanjobshop)小批量
Stablelineofproducts产品生产线稳定Morestandardizedprocessflowswhichmostorallproductsfollowwithminordeviations更标准化的流程流,大多数甚至所有产品遵循小偏差LineFlow线路流程
1)DisconnectedLineFlows:
Discretepartsmovingfromworkstationtoworkstationforprocessingorassembly产品部件从一个工作站到另一个工作站进行加工或组装。
Rigidprocessflows严格的流程
Workstationsarenotphysicallyconnected非物理连接Workersmoveproduct工人移动产品Worker-pacedflow工人节奏流
2)ConnectedLineFlows:
The“classic”assemblyline
LargerscaleMachine-pacedflowContinuousFlow:
Extremelyrigidprocessflow极其严格
Massivescale(capitalintensive)规模极大Highlyautomated高度自动化Productflowsincontinuous(ratherthandiscrete)quantities产品生产连续
5.Theproduct—processmatrix
SixComparativeDimensions:
(0)Product:
Varietyandquantity种类和数量
(1)Flow流程
(2)Materials材料(3)Information信息(4)Resource:
LaborandCapital资源:
劳动力和资金(5)Management管理
Product:
Fromcustomtocommodity(从定制到商品化)
Flow:
Fromfree-formtorigid(从自由到严格的生产流)
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6.OtherTypesofProcesses:
Make-to-order订单生产Onlyactivatedinresponsetoanactualorder对实际需求积极响应Bothwork-in-processandfinishedgoodsinventorykepttoaminimum使得在产品和成品的库存量保持在最低。
Make-to-stock库存生产Processactivatedtomeetexpectedorforecastdemand根据预测需求进行生产
Customerordersareser