考研英语真题二附答案.docx

考研英语真题二附答案.docx

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考研英语真题二附答案

2011年考研英语

（二）真题（完整版）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.

Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?

Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation'scyber-czar,offeredthefederal

Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9which

systemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticated

couldnavigatethosesystems.Theapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequirean

sign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferent

services.

organizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeach

otherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns

approach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepush

worrythatthe"voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.Schmidtwouldstillleavemuch

oftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentify

2.

A.for

B.within

C.while

D.thoughB

3.

A.careless

B.lawless

C.pointless

D.helplessD

4.

A.reason

B.reminder

C.compromise

D.proposalC

5.

A.information

B.interferenee

C.entertainment

D.equivalentD

6.

A.by

B.into

C.from

D.overB

7.

A.linked

B.directed

C.chained

D.comparedC

8.

A.dismiss

B.discover

C.create

D.improveC

9.

A.recall

B.suggest

C.select

D.realizeC

10.

A.relcased

B.issued

C.distributed

D.deliveredB

11.

A.carryon

B.lingeron

C.setin

D.loginD

12.

A.Invain

B.Ineffect

C.Inreturn

D.IncontrastB

13.

A.trusted

B.modernized

c.thriving

D.competingA

14.

A.caution

B.delight

C.confidenee

D.patieneeB

15.

A.on

B.after

C.beyond

D.acrossD

16.

A.divided

B.disappointed

C.protected

D.unitedC

17.

A.frequestly

B.incidentally

C.occasionally

D.eventuallyD

18.

A.skepticism

B.releranee

C.indifferenee

D.enthusiasmA

19.

A.manageable

B.defendable

C.vulnerable

D.invisibleC

20.

A.invited

B.appointed

C.allowed

D.forcedC

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs'sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:

ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecade

sheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman'scompensation

committee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?

ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.

Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm'sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'sproposals.

Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.

TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformaneeatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,

smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.

Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor.C

[A]gainingexcessiveprofits

[B]failingtofulfillherduty

[C]refusingtomakecompromises

[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes

22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe.D

[A]generousinvestors

[B]unbiasedexecutives

[C]sharepriceforecasters

[D]independentadvisers

23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector's

surprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto.C

[A]becomemorestable

[B]reportincreasedearnings

[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket

[D]performworseinlawsuits

24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.A

[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm

[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm

[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm

[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.A

[A]permissive

[B]positive

[C]scornful

[D]critical

Text2

Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?

Ayearagotheendseemednear.

Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America'sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?

Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?

Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.

Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.

Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapers

evenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.

Newspapersarebecomingmorebalaneedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianeeonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development（OECD）.InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.

Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescieneeandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.ButcompletenessisnoIongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.

26.Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”（Lines-4,Para.1）,theauthor

indicatesthatnewspaper.D

[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis

[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies

[C]werenotcharitablecorporations

[D]wereinadesperatesituation

27.Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause.C

[A]readersthreatenedtopayless

[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts

[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareas

[D]subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts

28.ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey.C

[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue

[B]havemorebalaneednewsrooms

[C]arelessdependentonadvertising

[D]arelessaffectedbyreadership

29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?

B

[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.

[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.

[C]Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.

[D]Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.

30.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.A

[A]AmericanNewspapers:

StrugglingforSurvival

[B]AmericanNewspapers:

GonewiththeWind

[C]AmericanNewspapers:

AThrivingBusiness

[D]AmericanNewspapers:

AHopelessStory

Text3

WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.

Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,America