高考英语一轮复习定语从句语法回顾与跟踪练.docx
《高考英语一轮复习定语从句语法回顾与跟踪练.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语一轮复习定语从句语法回顾与跟踪练.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考英语一轮复习定语从句语法回顾与跟踪练
高考英语一轮复习定语从句语法回顾与跟踪练
一、基本概念
1.在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.引导定语从句的词叫关系词,它代替前面的先行词,且在定语从句中充当一个成分。
它包括关系代词和关系副词。
Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.
该句中,whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句,修饰先行词theman,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语。
二、基本结构
先行词(名词、代词)+(关系代词、关系副词)+陈述句语序。
Thereason(that)hegaveforbeinglatewasjustanexcuse.
三、关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词(that/who/whom/whose/which/as)代替先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。
关系副词(when/where/why)代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语,在有些情况下可分解成:
介词+which。
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespentintheremotevillage.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhen/duringwhichwestayedintheremotevillage.
考点归纳
一、只能用that不能用which的情况
1.当先行词是“人+物”时,关系代词用that。
2.先行词是不定代词(all/everything/something/anything/little/much/theone等)时,关系代词多用that。
3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词或限定词theonly/thevery/all/every/any/few/no等修饰时,关系代词一般用that,如果先行词指人也可以用who。
Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.
Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.
二、不能用that的情况
1.that不能引导非限定性定语从句。
2.介词后不用that(介词后指人用whom,指物用which)。
Spam(垃圾邮件),whichoncemeantanot-so-goodkindofcannedmeat,nowstandsforunwantedjunkemail.Spam曾经用来指不好的罐装肉,现在代表不想要的垃圾邮件。
Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.
三、whose引导的定语从句
whose可以指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,后跟名词。
whose+名词=名词+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+名词
Lookout!
Don’tgetclosetothehousewhoseroofisbeingrepaired.
TheteacherhadacarefultalkwithTom,themajorproblemofwhomispoorstudyhabits.
四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。
在确定其中的介词时,可从以下三方面入手:
1.句子的意思;2.先行词的意义;3.从句中的动词固定搭配。
Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,afterwhichhewentontoCambridge.
Thisisthefarmonwhichheworkedtwoyearsago.
Inthedarkstreettherewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
五、一些特殊的先行词
当situation,point,case,activity,scene,atmosphere,condition,stage及period,festival,occasion等作先行词时,要注意具体情况具体分析:
先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和表语时,用关系代词that/which引导从句;先行词在从句中作状语时,用关系副词where/when或“介词+which”引导从句,表示在某种特定的情形下。
IhadreachedapointinmycareerwhereIneededtodecidewhichwaytogo.
Whataresomesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?
六、as的用法
1.用在固定搭配thesame…as;as...as;such…as;so...as中。
ThisisthesamebagasIlostlastweek.
ThisissuchadifficultproblemasIcan’tworkout.
2.as引导非限定性定语从句,意思为“正如”常见习惯用语有:
asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样
asisoftenthecase通常情况是这样
asismentionedabove正如上面提到的
asisknown/asweknow众所周知
Asismentionedabove,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing.
AsIhavepointedout,itisimportanttoincludevegetablesinourdiet.
七、注意way(方式)后接定语从句时的引导词
先行词是way,当引导词在从句中作状语时,关系词用inwhich,that或者省略;当引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时,用that/which引导(作宾语时,引导词也可以省略)。
比较:
Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(把从句补充完整:
heexplainedthewaytous,可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语。
)
Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencewassimple.(把从句补充完整:
heexplainedthesentenceintheway,可以看出引导词在从句中作状语。
)
八、that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别
在定语从句中,定语从句对先行词起修饰作用,引导词that在从句中作主语或宾语;在同位语从句中,同位语从句对同位名词内容起解释说明作用,引导词that不作任何成份。
Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.(同位语从句)
Theideathatheputforwardsurprisesmanypeople.(定语从句)
九、定语从句中的主谓一致
1.关系代词作从句的主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致,先行词是句子时,从句的谓语动词用单数。
2.“oneof+复数名词”作先行词时,关系代词在从句中作主语,从句的谓语动词常用复数,但当代词前有the,theonly,thevery等修饰时,从句的谓语动词用单数。
TitanicistheonlyofthesewonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.
ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.
强化训练
一、填空:
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof_________hasbeenproved.
2.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_________theweathermaybebetter.
3.Ilivenextdoortoacouple_________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.
4.Manyyoungpeople,mostof_________werewell-educated,_________(head)forremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.
5.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,_________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.
6.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,_________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.
7.Thenumberofsmokers,_________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.
8.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.
9.Pleasesendusalltheinformation_________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.
10.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose_________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.
11.Idon’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,_________Iwentuptorescueakitethat_________(stick)inthebranchesofatree.
12.Hewrotealetter_________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.
13.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,_________whichIwasverygrateful.
14.Oneconcernrelatestoalackofcontrolover_________appearsontheInternet.
15.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin(退黑激素),_________hasbeenproventohelppeoplefeel_________(sleep)andreduce_________(anxious)
二、改错:
每句错误最多有两处。
错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。
1.Englishisalanguagesharingbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofthemusesitdifferently.
2.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhichtheycangainexperienceforgrowth.
3.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especialatworkwhichagoodimpressionisamust.
4.Acompanywhichprofitsfromhomemarketsisdecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.
5.Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwherewascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.
6.Therearethreestageinstudy-preview,studyinclassandreview,amongthemreviewisthemostimportant.
7.Itisnotonlyacitywiththelonghistorybutalsohasmanyplacesofinterest,whichyoucanenjoyyourself.
8.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,itmadeoneoftheChinesepeople’slong-helddreamscametrue.
9.Wewokeupearlyandthenwalkedonthecountryroad,whatwasextremelyquiet.
10.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhichheshouldbeabletobeindependence.
三、翻译。
(用定语从句翻译下列各句)
1.他把成功归功于那些经验丰富而又贴心的老师,从他们身上他不仅学到了知识,还学到了做一个优秀人才的艺术。
2.接触不同文化真的是很好的经历。
它一定会拓宽我们的视野甚至使我们未来的发展受益匪浅。
3.这是一个很有用的网站,提供许多网上课程。
4.在那个重大日子,二十个选自全国各地的优秀高中生将在体育馆就所给话题进行演讲。
5.我校将举行一个中学生摄影展,主题是环境保护。
6.最后,使用移动设备会减少纸的使用,这对环境有好处。
7.最后,我要表示对主办方的真诚感谢。
没有他我们不可能有这么宝贵的经历。
8.另外,你们的技艺精湛,对中国学生印象深刻。
9.竞赛按计划在下午四点开始,将持续一个小时,在此期间有六位选手将轮流比赛。
10.你在上封信中提到的几个栏目正是我爱。
11.开幕式上会有各种节目展示,包括舞蹈、唱歌和一场足球秀,旨在培养我们对足球的兴趣。
参考答案:
一、填空
1.which2.when3.whose4.whom,headed5.which6.where7.as8.where9.that10.who11.when;wasstuck12.where/inwhich13.for14.what15.which;sleepy;anxiety
二、改错
1.sharing-shared;them-which
2.which-where
3.especial-especially;which-where
4.which-whose;is-are
5.where-which
6.stage-stages;them-which
7.the-a;which-where
8.it-which;came-come
9.what-which
10.which-when;independence-independent
三、翻译(用定语从句翻译下列各句)
1.Heowedhissuccesstothoseexperiencedandthoughtful/considerateteachers,fromwhomhelearnednotonlyknowledge,buttheartofbeinganexcellentperson.
2.Beingexposedtodiverseculturesisreallyagreatexperience,whichdefinitelyextendsourhorizonsandevenbenefitsourfuturedevelopmentalot.
3.Itisahelpfulwebsitewhereavarietyofonlinecoursesareprovided.
4.Onthebigday,twentyoutstanding/distinguishedhighschoolstudentswhohavebeenselectedfromallpartsofChinawilldelivertheirspeechesonthegiventopicinthestadium.
5.OurschoolisscheduledtoholdaHighSchoolStudentPhotographyShow,thethemeofwhichisenvironmentalprotection.
6.Finally,usingmobiledeviceswillreducetheuseofpaper,whichwillbegoodfortheenvironment.
7.Lastbutnotleast,I’dliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetothehost,withoutwhomwecouldn’thavehadthevaluableexperience.
8.Inaddition,yourartskillsareexcellentandadmirable,whicharereallyimpressivetousChinesestudents.
9.Thecontestisscheduledtostartat4:
00pmandlastsaboutanhour,duringwhichtimesixparticipantswillcompeteinturn.
10.Someofthecolumnswhich/thatyoumentionedinyourlastletteraremycupoftea.
11.Therewillbeallkindsofprogrammesintheopeningceremony,includingdancing,singingandafootballtalentshow,thepurposeofwhichistodevelopourinterestinfootball.