英美文学选读课文选段总复习.docx

英美文学选读课文选段总复习.docx

《英美文学选读课文选段总复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美文学选读课文选段总复习.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英美文学选读课文选段总复习

MarkTwinpresentedthe19thcenturyAmericaninhisownuniqueway.DiscussTwain’sartoffiction:

thesetting,thelanguage,andthecharacters,etc.,basedonhisnovelTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.

1.MarkTwainusestheMississippialleyashisfictionalkingdom,writingaboutthelandscapeandpeople,thecustomsandthedialectsofoneparticularregion,andthereforeknownasalocalcolorist.2.Hecreateslife-likecharacters,especiallytheunconventionalHuckleberryFinn,whorunsawayfromcivilizationandstandsoppositetoconventionalvillagemorality.3.Heusesasimple,directvernacularlanguage,totallydifferentfromanypreciousliterarylanguage.Itisthekindofcolloquiallanguagebelongingtothelowerclass,thelivinglocalAmericanEnglish.4.Hehascreatedaspecialhumortosatirizesocialinjusticeandthedecayedconvention.：

1.HowdoyouknowaboutRenaissance?

GiveasummeryaboutEnglishliteratureintheperiod?

1.TheRenaissancereferstotheperiodbetween14th----mid-17thcentury.ItfirststartedinItaly.2.TheRenaissancemeansrebirthorrevival----thediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture.3.Inessence,TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarstriedtogetridoftheoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie/middleclass,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionofRomanCatholicchurch.4.HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance-----Manisthemeasureofallthings.Thehumanismexalted/praisedhumannatureandemphasizedthedignityofhumanbeingsandthepresentlife.Theythoughtmanhadtherighttoenjoythebeautyoflifeandhadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandmadewonders,whichgotreadyfortheappearanceofthegreatElizabethanwritersinBritain.Poetryanddramawerethemostoutstandingliteraryforms.5.Shakespeare,MarloweandFrancisBaconetc.weretheremarkablerepresentativesoftheEnglishRenaissance.

2.PleasegiveabriefanalysisofHamlet’s“Tobeornottobe”soliloquy“Tobeornottobe”is’aphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath’.Thesoliloquycondemnedthehypocrisyandtreacheryandgeneralcorruptionoftheworld,andrevealedthecharacterofHamlet---so’speculative,questioning,contemplativeandmelancholy./gloomy’.Itwasnotbecausehewasnotabletotakeactiontorevenge,butbecauseofhis’hesitative/hesitantcharacter’,whenthechanceforactioncame,itseemeddefeat.

Itcanbeinterpretedas:

Hamletbearstheheavyburdenofthedutytorevengehisfather’sdeath,heisforcedtoliveinthesuspenseoffactsandfiction,languageandaction.Heconsidersthatitwouldbebetterto’commitsuicide’,butbeingscaredofwhatmighthappentohimintheafterlife.Soheputoffthethingbecauseofthesin.Heconsiderstheplancarefullyonlytofindreasonfornotcarryingitout.Thesoliloquyconveys’thesenseofworld-weariness

4.WhatarethemainthemesofShakespeare’splays?

1.Shakespeare’splaysaredividedinto3types:

comedies,tragediesandhistoricalplays.1）Hishistoricalplaysarewiththetheme-----nationalunityunderamightandjustsovereign/rulerisnecessary.2）Inhisromanticcomedies,hetakesanoptimisticattitudetowardlovefriendshipandyouth.3）Inhistragedies,Shakespearealwaysportrayssomenobleheroes,whofacestheinjusticeoflifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationandwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofhisnation.Eachherohashisweaknessofnature.Wealsoseetheconflictbetweentheindividualandtheevilforceinthesociety.Andhismajorcharactersarealwaysindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.

5.PleasecommentonthecharacterofSatanin“ParadiseLost.”

1.Satanisarebellious（叛逆的）figureagainstGodinliterature,defeated,heandhisrebelangelswerecastintohell.However,Satanrefusedtoaccepthisfailure,swearingthat“allwasnotlost”andthathewouldrevengeforhisdownfall.ThefreedomofthewillisthekeystoneofSatan’scharacter,whichwastheimportantspiritoftherisingmiddleclass.WhilehetemptedAdamandEve,whichprovedhisevilness.

1.PleaseanalyzetheNeoclassicalperiodandthecharactersoftheliterature.

1）TheNeoclassicalperiodisabout1660-1798,alsoknownas

"theAgeofEnlightenment"or"theageofReason".

2）Itsbackgroundwas:

a.Itwasanagefullofconflictsanddifferenceofvalues;b.ItwasanageoffastdevelopmentforEnglishtobecome

thefirstpowerfulcapitalistcountryintheworld;c.Itwasanageofeconomicdevelopment,inwhichbourgeois/middleclassgrewrapidly.

3）Inessence,theNeoclassicalPeriodwasaprogressiveintellectualmovement.4）TheEnlightenersbelievedinself-restraint,self-relianceandhardwork;Theycelebratedreason/rationality,equalityandscience.

Theyadvocateduniversaleducation,whichcouldmakepeople

rationalandprefect,theybelieved.

5）Inliterature,TheEnlightenmentMovementbroughtabouta

revivalofinterestintheancientGreekandRomanclassicalworks;the

worksatthetime,heavilydidacticandmoralizing;havingfixedlawsandrulesforeverytypeoftheliterature;amongwhichproseandthemodernEnglishnovelpredominatedtheage.（AttheendoftheagesentimentalismandGothicNovelappeared.）6）TheagewasanimportantagewiththeremarkableauthorsPope,Defoe,etc.

2.Pleaseciteexamplesfrom"Gulliver’sTravels"toexplainbriefly

howdidSwiftcriticizedandalludetothegovernmentandthesociety.

1）Inthefirstpartofthe"Gulliver’sTravels",Swiftdescribedthetricksandpracticesinthecompetitionheldbeforeroyalmemberstoalludetothefactthatthesuccessoftheofficialswasnotfortheirwisdomandexcellencebutfortheirskillsinthegames;2）Inthepart4ofthebook,Swiftmadehorseswithreasonandgoodqualities.Thecitizenswhoare"hairy,wild,lowanddespicablebrutes,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappearancebutalsoinalmosteveryway"tocriticize/satirizeallrespectsoftheEnglishandEuropeanlife,andurgepeopletoconsiderthenatureofthehumanandlife.（P108-109）

1.Pleaselistthesubjectsandthefacultiesofthe

Romanticism.

（1Thesubjectsare:

love,nature,nationalism,individualism,

（2）Thefacultiestheycherishedare:

imagination,spontaneity,inspiration.（P162）

2.WilliamWordsworthwasthefirstrepresentativeauthorof

Rom,Howdoyouknowhisideaandstyle?

（1）HispoemsaremostaboutNatureandHumanLife;

（2）Beyondthepleasureofthepicturesquewiththeeyeandtheexternalaspectsofnature,however,liesindeepermoralawareness,asenseofcompletenessinmultiplicity.（3）Commonlifeandthejoyandsorrowofthecommonpeopleand

innerselfarehissubjects;（4）Heisapoetinmemoryofthepastandwascalled"prophetsofnature";（5）Hedeliberatelywritesinsimpleandordinaryspeech,refusestodecoratethetruthofexperienceofpureandprofoundfeeling;（6）Hethoughtpoetis"amanspeakingtomen,"poetryis"the

spontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesin

emotionrecollectedintranquility."（7）Healwayswritesanelusivebeautysimplicityoraruralfigure.

3.WhatthoughtsandeventinfluencedtheperiodofRomanticism?

（1）Rousseauexplorednewideasaboutnature,societyandeducation,whichprovidedguidingpridingprinciplesfortheFrenchRevolutionandRomanticism;

（2）TheFrenchRevolutionand"theDeclarationofRightsof

Man"arousedthegreatsympathyandenthusiasmintheEnglishliberalsandradicals,whichbecameagreatsourceforRomanticism.（3）Englanditselfhadexperiencedprofoundeconomicandsocialchangesasindustrialism,whichwerereflectedintheworksofliterature.

howdoyouknowaboutJaneAusten

Generallyspeaking,Austenwaswriterofthe18thcentury.

（1）Hernovelsalwaysdealtwiththeromanticentanglementoftheheroines;

（2）Shebelievedinitthatreasonoverpassion,senseofresponsibility,goodmanners,andclearjudgmentoverromance;shehonoredtheAugustanvirtuesofmoderation,

dignitydisciplinedemotionandcommonsense;（3）Shecontemptsnobbery,stupidity,worldlinessetc;（4）Hermainconcernwastherelationshipbetweenmenandwomeninlove;（5）Herwritingrangewaslimited,allrestrictedtothe

provinciallifeofthe18thcenturyEngland;（6）Shepresentedthequiet,day-to-daycountrylifeofthe

middle-upper-classEnglish.（7）Hercharacteristicthemewas:

maturityisgotbythelossofillusions.

Ideologically,whatinfluencedVictorianliterature?

Whatcharactersdoesithave?

Darwin’stheory“thesurvivalofthefittest”shookthetheoreticalbasisofthetraditionalfaith,manyauthorsexpressedtheirdoubtsanduncertaintyintheirworks;Utilitarianismwaswidelyacceptedandpracticed,manyconsciousauthorsseverelycriticizedtheUtilitarianism,especiallyitsdevalueofcultureanditscoldindifferencetohumanfeelingandimagination;

Realismnovelscriticizedthesocietyanddefendedforthemass,andtheyconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeoplesuchastheirpovertymisery,angrywiththeinhumansocialinstitution,thesocialimmorality,injusticeandmoney-worship.Victorianliteraturerepresentstherealityoftheage.Thehigh-spiritvitality,thedown-to-earthearnestness,thegood-naturedhumourandunboundimaginationareunprecedented.

canyouanalyzethecharacterofJaneEyre

JaneEyrewasalittleplaingovernesswithquickwit,honesty,frankness,lovingheartandthespiritofindependenceandself-dignity.

Inliterature,sheisanindividualconscioustoself-realization.Shewaslonelyandneglectedyoungwomanwithafiercelongingforlove,understandingandafull,happylife.Inauthor’smind,man’slife