大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案.docx

大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案.docx

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大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案

2010年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试题及答案

　   PartIWriting（30minutes）

　　Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:

OnlineEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

　　1.目前网络教育形成热潮

　　2.我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……

　　3.我对网络教育的评价

　　OnlineEducation

　　PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

　　Forquestions1-7,mark

　　Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

　　NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

　　Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　TheWorldinaGlass:

SixDrinksThatChangedHistory

　　TomStandageurgesdrinkerstosavorthehistoryoftheirfavoritebeveragesalongwiththetaste.

　　TheauthorofAHistoryoftheWorldin6Glasses（Walker&Company,June2005）,StandagelaudsthelibationsthathavehelpedshapeourworldfromtheStoneAgetothepresentday.

　　"Theimportantdrinksarestilldrinksthatweenjoytoday,"saidStandage,atechnologyeditorattheLondon-basedmagazinetheEconomist."Theyarerelics（纪念物）ofdifferenthistoricalperiodsstillfoundinourkitchens."

　　Takethesix-pack,whosecontentsfirstfizzedatthedawnofcivilization.

　　Beer

　　TheancientSumerians,whobuiltadvancedcity-statesintheareaofpresent-daylraq,beganfermenting（发酵）beerfrombarleyatleast6,000yearsago.

　　"Whenpeoplestartedagriculturethefirstcropstheyproducedwerebarleyorwheat.Youconsumethosecropsasbreadandasbeer,"Standagenoted."It’sthedrinkassociatedwiththedawnofcivilization.It’sassimpleasthat."

　　Beerwaspopularwiththemassesfromthebeginning.

　　"Beerwouldhavebeensomethingthatacommonpersoncouldhavehadinthehouseandmadewhenevertheywanted,"saidLindaBisson,amicrobiologistattheDepartmentofViticultureandEnologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.

　　"Theguyswhobuiltthepyramidswerepaidinbeerandbread,"Standageadded."ItwasthedefiningdrinkofEgyptandMesopotamia.Everybodydrankit.Todayit’sthedrinkoftheworkingman,anditwasthenaswell."

　　Wine

　　Winemaybeasoldorolderthanbeer—thoughnoonecanbecertain.

　　Paleolithichumansprobablysampledthefirst"wine"asthejuiceofnaturallyfermentedwildgrapes.Butproducingandstoringwineproveddifficultforearlycultures.

　　"Tomakewineyouhavetohavefreshgrapes,"saidBisson,theUCDavismicrobiologist."forbeeryoucanjuststoregrainandaddwatertoprocessitatanytime."

　　Makingwinealsodemandedpotterythatcouldpreservethepreciousliquid.

　　"Winemaybeeasiertomake[thanbeer],butit’shardertostore,"Bissonadded."Formostancientculturesitwouldhavebeenhardtocatch[fermentinggrapejuice]aswineonitswayto[becoming]vinegar."

　　Suchcaveatsandtheexpenseofproducingwinehelpedthebeveragequicklygainmorecachet（威望）thanbeer.Winewasoriginallyassociatedwithsocialelitesandreligiousactivities.

　　Winesnobberymaybenearlyasoldaswineitself.GreeksandRomansproducedmanygradesofwineforvarioussocialclasses.

　　Thequestforqualitybecameaneconomicengineandlaterdroveculturalexpansion.

　　"Onceyouhadregions[likeGreeceandRome]thatcoulddistinguishthemselvesasmakinggoodstuff,itgavethemaneconomicboost,"Bissonsaid."Beerjustwasn’tasspecial."

　　Spirits

　　Hardliquor,particularlybrandyandrum,placated（安抚）sailorsduringthelongseavoyagesoftheAgeofExploration,whenEuropeanpowerspliedtheseasduringthe15th,16th,andearly17thcenturies.

　　RumplayedacrucialpartofthetriangulartradebetweenBritain,Africa,andtheNorthAmericancoloniesthatoncedominatedtheAtlanticeconomy.

　　StandagealsosuggeststhatrummayhavebeenmoreresponsiblethanteafortheindependencemovementinBritain’sAmericancolonies.

　　"DistillingmolassesforrumwasveryimportanttotheNewEnglandeconomy,"heexplained."WhentheBritishtriedtotaxmolassesitstruckattheheartoftheeconomy.Theideaof’notaxationwithoutrepresentation’originatedwithmolassesandsugar.Onlyattheenddiditrefertotea."

　　GreatBritain’slongtimesuperiorityatseamayalsooweadebttoitsnavy’sdrinkofrum-basedchoice,grog（掺水烈酒）,whichwasmadeacompulsorybeverageforsailorsinthelate18thcentury.

　　"Theywouldmakegrogwithrum,water,andlemonorlimejuice,"Standagesaid."Thisimprovedthetastebutalsoreducedillnessandscurvy.Fleetphysiciansthoughtthatthishaddoubledtheefficiencyofthefleet."

　　Coffee

　　ThestoryofmoderncoffeestartsintheArabianPeninsula,whereroastedbeanswerefirstbrewedaroundA.D.1000.Sometimearoundthe15thcentury,coffeespreadthroughouttheArabworld.

　　"IntheArabworld,coffeeroseasanalternativetoalcohol,andcoffeehousesasalternativestotaverns（酒馆）—bothofwhicharebannedbyIslam,"Standagesaid.

　　WhencoffeearrivedinEuropeitwassimilarlyhailedasan"anti-alcohol"thatwasquitewelcomeduringtheAgeofReasoninthe18thcentury.

　　"JustatthepointwhentheEnlightenmentisgettinggoing,here’sadrinkthatsharpensthemind,"Standagesaid."Thecoffeehouseistheperfectvenue（聚会地点）togettogetherandexchangeideasandinformation.TheFrenchRevolutionstartedinacoffeehouse."

　　Coffeealsofuelledcommerceandhadstronglinkstotheritualsofbusinessthatremaintothepresentday.LloydsofLondonandtheLondonStockExchangewerebothoriginallycoffeehouses.

　　Tea

　　TeabecameadailydrinkinChinaaroundthethirdcenturyA.D.

　　StandagesaysteaplayedaleadingroleintheexpansionofimperialandindustrialmightinGreatBritainmanycenturieslater.Duringthe19thcentury,theEastIndiaCompanyenjoyedamonopolyonteaexportsfromChina.

　　"Englishmenaroundtheworldcoulddrinktea,whethertheywereacolonialadministratorinIndiaoraLondonbusinessman,"Standagesaid."ThesunneversetontheBritishEmpire—whichmeantthatitwasalwaysteatimesomewhere."

　　AstheIndustrialRevolutionof18thand19thcenturiesgainedsteam,teaprovidedsomeofthefuel.Factoryworkersstayedalertduringlong,monotonousshiftsthankstowelcometeabreaks.

　　Thebeveragealsohadunintendedhealthbenefitsforrapidlygrowingurbanareas."Whenyoustartpackingpeopletogetherincitiesit’shelpfultohaveawater-purificationtechnologyliketea,"whichwasbrewedwithboilingwater,Standageexplained.

　　Coca-cola

　　In1886pharmacistJohnStithPembertonsoldaboutnineCoca-colasaday.

　　Todayhissoftdrinkisoneoftheworld’smostvaluablebrands-soldinmorecountriesthantheUnitedNationshasmembers.

　　"Itmaybethesecondmostwidelyunderstoodphraseintheworldafter’OK’,"Standagesaid.

　　ThedrinkhasbecomeasymboloftheUnitedStates—loveitorhateit.StandagenotesthatEastGermansquicklyreachedforCokeswhentheBerlinWallfell,whileThaiMuslimspoureditoutintothestreetstoshowdisdainfortheU.S.inthedaysleadinguptothe2003invasionofIraq.

　　"Coca-colaencapsulateswhathappenedinthe20thcentury:

theriseofconsumercapitalismandtheemergenceofAmericaasasuperpower,"Standagesaid."It’sglobalizationinabottle."

　　WhileCokemaynotalwaysproduceasmile,asurveybytheEconomistmagazine（Standage’semployer）,suggeststhatthesoftdrink’spresenceisagreatindicatorofhappycitizens.Whencountrieswerepolledforhappiness,asdefinedbyaUnitedNationsindex,highscorescorrelatedwithsalesofCoca-Cola.

　　"It’snotbecause[Coke]makespeoplehappy,butbecause[its]saleshappeninthedynamicfree-marketeconomiesthattendtoproducehappypeople,"Standagesaid.

　　1.Thepassagegivesabriefdescriptionofthecontentofanewbook,AHistoryoftheWorldin6Glasses.

　　2.TheancientSumeriansbeganfermentingbeerfrombarleyatleast6,000yearsago.

　　3.Todaybeeristhedrinkoftheworkingman,whichwasnotthecasebefore.

　　4.Greeksprobablysampledthefirst"wine"asthejuiceofnaturallyfermentedwildgrapes.

　　5.Thecaveatsandtheexpenseofproducingwinehelpeditquicklygainmorecachetthanbeer.

　　6.StandagesuggeststhatteamayhavebeenmoreresponsiblethanrumfortheindependencemovementinBritain’sAmericancolonies.

　　7.CoffeeisthebestdrinkaccordingtoStandage.

　　8.Sometimearoundthe15thcenturycoffeespreadthroughout________.

　　9.Duringthe19thcentury,themonopolyonteaexportsfromChinais________.

　　10.Coca-Colahasbecomeasymbolof________.

PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）

　　SectionA

　　Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Itseemsyoualwaysforget—yourreadingglasseswhenyouarerushingtowork,yourcoatwhenyouaregoingtothecleaners,yourcreditcardwhenyouareshopping...

　　Suchabsent-mindednessmaybe47toyou;nowBritishandGermanscientistsaredevelopingmemoryglassesthatrecordeverythingthe48sees.

　　Theglassescanplaybac