英语词汇后缀.docx
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英语词汇后缀
Suffixesaregroupsoflettersattachedtotheendsofroots,words,andwordgroups.Suffixesserveagrammaticalfunction.Asuffixcanindicatewhatpartofspeech(noun,verb,adjective,adverb)thewordbelongsto.Suffixescanalsochangeandextendthemeaning.Thefollowingsuffixesaregroupedbeneaththegrammaticalfunctiontheyperform.
NOUNS
Nounsperformthefunctionofnaming.Nounsnamepersons,placesanimalsorthings,aswellasgroups,ideasandqualities.Inasentence,nounscanbesubjects,objects,orappositives.
INDEX:
ADEFIMNOSUY
A
∙-acy,-cy
oNoun:
stateorquality
▪privacy:
thestateofbeingalone
▪priv+acy
▪infancy:
thestateofbeingababyoryoungchild
▪in+fan+cy
∙-age
oNoun:
activity,orresultofaction
▪courage:
havingthespirittoovercomefear
▪cour+age
∙-al,el,ul
oNoun:
action,resultofaction
▪referral:
theactionofdirectingapersontoanotherplace,personorthing
▪re+ferr+al
∙-an
oNoun:
person
▪artisan:
acraftsperson
▪arti+san
∙-ance,-ence
oNoun:
action,state,qualityorprocess
▪resistance:
theactionofopposingsomething
▪re+sist+ance
▪independence:
thestateofnotbeingunderthecontrolofothers,free,self-governing
▪in+de+pend+ence
∙-ancy,-ency
oNoun:
state,qualityorcapacity
▪vacancy:
anemptyroomorposition
▪vac+ancy
▪agency:
thecapacitytoexertpowerorinfluence,apositionorpersonthatperformsafunction
▪ag+ency
∙-ant,-ent
oNoun:
anagent,somethingthatperformstheaction
▪disinfectant:
anagentthatdestroysgerms,somthingthatcleans
▪dis+in+fect+ant
▪dependent:
athingsupportedbyanother,athingdeterminedbyanother
▪de+pend+ent
∙-ate
oNoun:
state,office,fuction
▪candidate:
apersonnominatedforanofficeorposition
▪candid+ate
∙-ation
oNoun:
action,resultingstate
▪specialization:
theresultofbeingdistinguishedbyonequalityorability
▪spec+ial+iz+ation
D
∙-dom
oNoun:
place,stateofbeing
▪wisdom:
possessingknowledge
▪wis+dom
E
∙-er,-or
oNoun:
personorthingthatdoessomething
▪porter:
apersonwhocarriesthings
▪port+er
▪collector:
apersonwhocollectsorgathersthings
▪col+lect+or
F
∙-ful
oNoun:
anamountorquanitythatfills
▪mouthful:
anamountthatfillsthemouth
▪mouth+ful
I
∙-ian,an
oNoun:
relatedto,onethatis
▪pedestrian:
apersonwhowalks
▪ped+estr+ian
▪human:
aperson
▪hum+an
∙-ia
oNoun:
names,diseases
▪phobia:
anillogicalfearofsomething
▪phob+ia
∙-iatry
oNoun:
artofhealing
▪psychiatry:
branchofmedicinethatdealswiththemindandemotions
▪psych+iatry
∙-ic,ics
oNoun:
relatedtotheartsandsciences
▪arithmetic:
abranchofmaththatusuallydealswithnon-negativenumbers
▪arithm+et+ic
▪economics:
thesocialsciencerelatedtostudyingbusiness
▪eco+nom+ics
∙-ice
oNoun:
act
▪malice:
thedesiretodoevil
▪mal+ice
∙-ing
oNoun:
materialmadefor,activity,resultofanactivity
▪flooring:
amaterialmadeforfloors
▪floor+ing
▪swimming:
theactivityofswimmingormovingthroughwater
▪swim(m)+ing
▪building:
theresultofmakingastructure
▪build+ing
∙-ion
oNoun:
conditionoraction
▪abduction:
theactionofcarryingsomeoneawaybyforce
▪ab+duct+ion
∙-ism
oNoun:
doctrine,belief,actionorconduct
▪formalism:
abeliefinstickingtoprescribedformsorartisticstyles
▪form+al+ism
∙-ist
oNoun:
personormember
▪podiatrist:
afootdoctor
▪pod+iatr+ist
∙-ite
oNoun:
productorpart
▪graphite:
ablackmaterialusedinmakingpencils
▪graph+ite
∙-ity,ty
oNoun:
stateorquality
▪lucidity:
clearthinking
▪luc+id+ity
▪novelty:
somethingneworunusual
▪nov+el+ty
∙-ive
oNoun:
condition
▪native:
apersonborninaspecificplace
▪nat+ive
M
∙-ment
oNoun:
conditionorresult
▪document:
anofficialpaperusuallyshowingprooforevidenceofsomething
▪docu+ment
N
∙-ness
oNoun:
state,condition,quality
▪kindness:
thequalityofbeingkindornice
▪kind+ness
O
∙-or
oNoun:
conditionoractivity
▪valor:
bravery,courage
▪val+or
∙-ory
oNoun:
placefor,servesfor
▪territory:
anareaaroundaplace
▪territ+ory
S
∙-ship
oNoun:
status,condition
▪relationship:
thestateofbeingrelatedorconnectedtosomethingorsomeone
▪re+lat+ion+ship
U
∙-ure
oNoun:
act,condition,process,function
▪exposure:
theconditionofbeingexposedorunprotected
▪pos+ure
Y
∙-y
oNoun:
state,condition,resultofanactivity
▪society:
companionship
▪soci+et+y
▪victory:
theresultofwinningsomething
▪vict+or+y
VERBS
Verbsmakestatementsaboutnouns,askquestions,givecommands,orshowstatesofbeing.Verbscanbeactiveorpassive.Verbsalsoshowtenseortimeofaction.
INDEX:
AEIU
A
∙-ate
oVerb:
causetobe
▪graduate:
togiveadegreeto,topassfromonestagetothenext
▪gradu+ate
E
∙-ed
oVerb:
pasttense
▪attained:
somethingthathasbeenreachedorgrasped
▪at+tain+ed
∙-en
oVerb:
tocausetobecome
▪moisten:
tocausetobecomemoistordamp
▪moist+en
∙-er,-or
oVerb:
action
▪ponder:
tothinkabout
▪pond+er
▪clamor:
tomakenoise,tocallforloudly
▪clam+or
I
∙-ify
oVerb:
cause
▪specify:
tonameorindicateindetail
▪spec+ify
∙-ing
oVerb:
presentparticiple
▪depicting:
showing,describingwithimagesorpictures
▪de+pict+ing
∙-ize
oVerb:
cause
▪fantasize:
todreamaboutsomething,tocreateimagesinthemind
▪fant+as+ize
U
∙-ure
oact
▪Verb:
conjecture:
tocometoaconclusionbysuppositionorguesswork
▪con+ject+ure
ADJECTIVES
Adjectivesdescribeormodifynouns.Adjectivestellthereadermoreaboutthenounusedinthesentence.
INDEX:
AEFILOY
A
∙-able,-ible
oAdjective:
worth,ability
▪solvable:
abletobesolvedorexplained
▪solv+able
▪incredible:
notabletobebelieved,amazing
▪in+cred+ible
∙-al,-ial,-ical
oAdjective:
quality,relation
▪structural:
relatedtothephysicalmakeupofathing
▪struct+ure+al
▪territorial:
relatedtonearbyorlocalareas
▪territ+or+ial
▪categorical:
relatedtoacategory,aboslute
▪cate+gor+ical
∙-ant,-ent,-ient
oAdjective:
kindofagent,indication
▪important:
markedbyworth
▪im+port+ant
▪dependent:
determinedorrelyinguponsomethingelse
▪de+pend+ent
▪convenient:
athand,easytouse
▪con+ven+ient
∙-ar,-ary
oAdjective:
resembling,relatedto
▪spectacular:
relatedtosomethingthatiseye-catchingoramazing
▪spectac+ul+ar
▪unitary:
relatedtounitsorsinglegroupsrepresentingquantities
▪unit+ary
∙-ate
oAdjective:
kindofstate
▪inviolate:
notdisturbed,pure
▪in+viol+ate
E
∙-ed
oAdjective:
havingthequalityof
▪terraced:
havingterracesorsteps
▪terrac+ed
∙-en
oAdjective:
material
▪silken:
madefromsilk,afiberproducedbyworms
▪silk+en
∙-er
oAdjective:
comparative
▪brighter:
morelight
▪bright+er
∙-est
oAdjective:
superlative
▪strongest:
havingthemoststrength
▪strong+est
F
∙-ful
oAdjective:
having,giving,markedby
▪fanciful:
markedbyimagination
▪fanci+ful
I
∙-ic
oAdjective:
quality,relation
▪generic:
relatedtoawholegroup
▪gener+ic
∙-ile
oAdjective:
havingthequalitiesof
▪projectile:
somethingthrownwithanoutsideforce
▪pro+ject+ile
∙-ing
oAdjective:
activity
▪cohering:
theactofstickingtogether
▪co+her+ing
∙-ish
oAdjective:
havingthecharacterof
▪newish:
modern,recent
▪new+ish
∙-ive,-ative,-itive
oAdjective:
havingthequalityof
▪festive:
havingthequalityofafestivalorparty
▪fest+ive
▪cooperative:
beingableorwillingtoworkwithanotherpersonorthing
▪co+oper+ative
▪sensitive:
easilyfelt,responsivetothesenses
▪sens+itive
L
∙-less
oAdjective:
without,missing
▪motiveless:
areasonforsomeonetodosomething
▪mot+ive+less
O
∙-ous,-eous,-ose,-ious
oAdjective:
havingthequalityof,relatingto
▪adventurous:
characterizedbythedesiretoseeknewexperiencesorrisks
▪ad+vent+ur+ous
▪courageous:
characterizedbycourage,brave
▪cour+ag+eous
▪verbose:
havingmorewordsthanneeded
▪verb+ose
▪fractious:
characterizedbybeingdifficultortroublesome
▪fract+ious
Y
∙-y
oAdjective:
markedby,having
▪hungry:
havinghunger,markedbyadesire
▪hungr+y
ADVERBS
Adverbsdescribeverbs,adjectivesandotheradverbs.
INDEX:
FLW
F
∙-fold
oAdverb:
inamannerof,markedby
▪fourfold:
beingfourtimesasgreat
▪four+fold
L
∙-ly
oAdverb:
inthemannerof
▪fluently:
markedbyeaseofmovement,effortlesslysmooth
▪flu+ent+ly
W
∙-ward
oAdverb:
inadirectionormanner
▪homeward:
towardhome
▪home+ward
∙-wise
oAdverb:
inthemannerof,withregardto
▪timewise:
withregardtotime
▪time+wise