硕士研究生考试专业学位英语二真题及答案word版.docx

硕士研究生考试专业学位英语二真题及答案word版.docx

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硕士研究生考试专业学位英语二真题及答案word版

2016年硕士研究生入学统一考试专业学位

英语二

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA.,B,C.orD.ontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggestthathappinessmightinfluence1firmswork,too.

Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper2,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D（researchanddevelopment）.That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

7enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8.Butisitreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?

Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest–likesize,industry,andsales–andforindicatorsthataplacewas11tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestment.Generally12evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors13to“lesscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.

17thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.

1

A.why

B.where

C.how

D.when

2

A.Inreturn

B.Inparticular

C.Incontrast

D.Inconclusion

3

A.sufficient

B.famous

C.perfect

D.necessary

4

A.individuation

B.modernism

C.optimism

D.realism

5

A.echo

B.miss

C.spoil

D.change

6

A.imagined

B.measured

C.invented

D.assumed

7

A.Sure

B.Odd

C.Unfortunate

D.Often

8

A.advertised

B.divided

C.overtaxed

D.headquartered

9

A.explain

B.overstate

C.summarize

D.emphasize

10

A.stages

B.factors

C.levels

D.methods

11

A.desirable

B.sociable

C.reputable

D.reliable

12

A.resumed

B.held

C.emerged

D.broke

13

A.attribute

B.assign

C.transfer

D.compare

14

A.serious

B.civilized

C.ambitious

D.experienced

15

A.thus

B.instead

C.also

D.never

16

A.rapidly

B.regularly

C.directly

D.equally

17

A.After

B.Until

C.While

D.Since

18

A.arrives

B.jumps

C.hints

D.strikes

19

A.shape

B.rediscover

C.simplify

D.share

20

A.prayfor

B.leantowards

C.giveaway

D.sendout

【参考答案】

1.C.how

2.B.Inparticular

3.D.necessary

4.C.optimism

5.D.change

6.B.measured

7.A.Sure

8.D.headquartered

9.A.explain

10.B.factors

11.A.desirable

12.C.emerged

13.A.attribute

14.D.experienced

15.A.thus

16.D.equally

17.C.While

18.C.hints

19.A.shape

20.B.leantowards

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Direction:

Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,D.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

　　It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.

　　However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers–butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

　　Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.

　　TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

　　ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn–howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults–applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

　　Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers-intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes–fortherestoftheirlives,Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant–theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat–thebetter.

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto_______

　　A.completefuturejobtraining

　　B.remoldthewayofthinking

　　C.formulatelogicalhypotheses

D.perfectartworkproduction

【答案】B

22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir________

　　A.experience

　　B.interest

　　C.careerprospects

D.academicbackgrounds

【答案】B

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill________

　　A.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

　　B.havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

　　C.needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

D.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

【答案】A

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto______

　　A.bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

　　B.staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

　　C.becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

D.competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

【答案】C

25.Theword“coax”（Line4,Para.6）isclosestinmeaningto________

A.persuadeB.FrightenC.MisguideD.challenge

【答案】A

Text2

　　Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens---akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengreylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies‘historicrange.

　　ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService（USFWS）decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe”threatened”taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction.andwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken’shabitat.

　　Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange—widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat,USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies（WAFWA）,acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“states”remaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies,”Ashesaid.

　　Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt.Notsurprisingly,doesn’tgofarenough.“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,”saysbiologistJayLininger.

26.Themajorreasonforlist