硕士研究生考试专业学位英语二真题及答案word版.docx

1、硕士研究生考试专业学位英语二真题及答案word版2016年硕士研究生入学统一考试专业学位英语二Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A., B, C. or D. on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take g

2、reater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development ). Thats because happiness is linked to the

3、kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of

4、 publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find ou

5、t, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry, and sales and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment. Generally 12 even after accounting for these thing

6、s.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronge

7、r in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least

8、18 at that possibility. Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1A. whyB. whereC. howD

9、. when2A. In returnB. In particularC. In contrastD. In conclusion3A. sufficientB. famousC. perfectD. necessary4A. individuationB. modernismC. optimismD. realism5A. echoB. missC. spoilD. change6A. imaginedB. measuredC. inventedD. assumed7A. SureB. OddC. UnfortunateD. Often8A. advertisedB. dividedC. o

10、vertaxedD. headquartered9A. explainB. overstateC. summarizeD. emphasize10A. stagesB. factorsC. levelsD. methods11A. desirableB. sociableC. reputableD. reliable12A. resumedB. heldC. emergedD. broke13A. attributeB. assignC. transferD. compare14A. seriousB. civilizedC. ambitiousD. experienced15A. thusB

11、. insteadC. alsoD. never16A. rapidlyB. regularlyC. directlyD. equally17A. AfterB. UntilC. WhileD. Since18A. arrivesB. jumpsC. hintsD. strikes19A. shapeB. rediscoverC. simplifyD. share20A. pray forB. lean towardsC. give awayD. send out【参考答案】1. C. how2. B. In particular3. D. necessary4. C. optimism5.

12、D. change6. B. measured7. A. Sure8. D. headquartered9. A. explain10. B. factors11. A. desirable12. C. emerged13. A. attribute14. D. experienced15. A. thus16. D. equally17. C. While18. C. hints19. A. shape20. B. lean towardsSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirection: Read the following four texts,

13、Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom C

14、ortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or tes

15、t hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help

16、fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn p

17、rogramming, started as one of the many coding boot camps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the

18、students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter t

19、he job market. But the skills they learn how to think logically through a problem and organize the results apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army

20、 of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want the earlier they lea

21、rn that they have the power to do that the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _A. complete future job trainingB. remold the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production【答案】B22. In delivering lessons for high - schoolers

22、, Flatiron has considered their_A. experienceB. interestC. career prospectsD. academic backgrounds【答案】B23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will _A. help students learn other computer languagesB .have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC .need improving when student

23、s look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money【答案】A24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to _A. bring forth innovative computer technologiesB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. compete with

24、 a future army of programmers【答案】C25. The word “coax”(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to _A. persuade B. Frighten C. Misguide D. challenge【答案】AText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often grey

25、 landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “ The lesser prairie chicke

26、n is in a desperate situation ,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued

27、that the” threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private l

28、andowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a rangewide management plan to restore prairie chicken h

29、abitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat

30、, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to le

31、t “states” remain in the drivers seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesnt go far enough. “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, ” says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for list