高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx

高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx

《高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx（26页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Robotsmakemenervous—especiallytheoneswhichseemtothinkforthemselves.IwasembarrassedtoadmitthistillIheardthatBillGates,thefounderofMicrosoft,feltthesameway.

   GatessaidinaninterviewwiththesocialnetworkingandnewswebsiteReddit:

"Iaminthecampthatisconcernedaboutsuperintelligence.Firstthemachineswilldoalotofjobsforusandnotbesuperintelligent．Thatshouldbepositiveifwemanagewell.Afewdecadesafterthat,though,theintelligenceisstrongenoughtobeaconcern."

   Well,maybeIdon'thavetoworryaboutmycomputerandkitchenequipmentyet.AfterIusethemIcanalwayspulltheplug.Butinthefuture,machinesmightfindawaytopreventusfromswitchingthemoff.There'saterriblethought!

   Maybetheproblemwithcomputerstoocleverforusisnotthattheyareevillikesomewe'veseeninsci-fimovies.Whatcouldputusindangeristhattheymightbetooefficient.That'swhatphilosopherNickBostromfromOxfordUniversitybelieves.Hesaysthatmachinesareindifferenttohumansandinpursuitoftheirowngoals，thedestructionofpeoplemightbejustadditionaldamage.Bostromgivesusanexample:

Amachinewhichmighthaveitsonlygoaltoproduceasmanypaperclipsaspossiblemightlookathumanbodiesasextramaterialforpaperclipsandgoafteryou.Becauseitis,well,amachine,itwouldnottakepityonyou.

   It'sagoodthingthatAmericanwriterIsaacAsimovthoughtabouthowfarrobotscangoandleftushisthreerulesofrobotics.Theystatethatarobotmaynothurtahumanbeingorallowthehumanbeingtocometoharm.

   I'mgladmymachinesathomeare"dumb".Allmycleanerwantstotakeoveristhecarpetinmylivingroom.Let'shopetheydon'tcreateanappliancewhichwantstotakeovertheworld!

（1）TheauthorquotedBillGates'wordsinParagraph2inordertomakethetext________.

A. better-known         

B. morepersuasive         

C. better-organized         

D. moreinteresting

（2）Anintelligentpaperclipmachinewouldharmusbecause_______.

A. itismuchclevererthanus                        B. itwouldtakeovertheworld

C. ithasthestrongfeelingofdestroyingus         

D. itwouldseeusjustasmaterial

（3）HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutIsaacAsimov'srulesofrobotics?

A. Optimistic                      

B. Worried                      

C. Disappointed                      

D. Regretful

（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?

A. Thebenefitsoffuturerobots.                  

B. Thenewapplicationsofrobots.

C. Theconcernforsuperintelligence.         

D. Thepopularityofrobotsinthefuture.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了智能机器人可能给人类带来伤害以及美国作家Isaac Asimov为此制定了三条机器人规则，作者旨在引起人们对智能机器人的关注。

（1）考查推理判断。

因为比尔盖茨是一个名人，他的观点更有说服力，所以作者才会引用他说的话，让别人更加相信他的观点。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Amachinewhichmighthaveitsonlygoaltoproduceasmanypaperclipsaspossiblemightlookathumanbodiesasextramaterialforpaperclipsandgoafteryou.”可知智能的paperclipmachine会把人类当成是加工材料而伤害人类。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“It'sagoodthingthatAmericanwriterIsaacAsimovthoughtabouthowfarrobotscangoandleftushisthreerulesofrobotics.”可知作者认为IsaacAsimov所制定的机器人规则是好事情，说明他对此持乐观的态度。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据主题段第一段可知人们对于人工智能，尤其是机器人的迅速发展持有谨慎的态度，认为人工智能的过快发展会影响到人类的未来。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   ThreeboyswereenjoyingthemselvesintheirhometownofBovina,Mississippi.However,theirliveswereturnedupsidedownwhentheydiscoveredthejawboneofaMastodon（齿乳象）.

   BrothersShawnandCaidSellersandcousinMichaelMahalitcfoundtheprehistoricboneinapieceofearththatwasrecentlyplowed（犁、耕）."Ithoughtitwasalog,"Caidsaid."ItriedtopickitupanditwasreallyheavyandIsawteethonit."Theboneweighedabout50pounds.Theyeventuallygotthebonetotheirhomeandfitteditintheirtub（浴盆）,butittooktheircollectivestrength,mightandagolfcart,tocarrythelargeMastodonbone.

   "Theydidn'texpecttofindthat,"Michael'smomsaid."Nowthattheyhave,Ibelievethattheywillbemoreawareoftheirsurroundingsandwhatthey'rediggingupwhentheyarediggingandplaying."

   "We'vegottenalotofpetrified（石化的）woodandCivilWarrelicsfromtheareaandthat'swhatIthoughtitwas,"thebrothers'mothersaid."Thisisourfirstsetofteethwe'vefound.Sowethoughtitwastheirimagination.Wewerequitesurprisedtoseethatitwasnottheirimagination."

   Theywereexploringnearthebrothers'home.Loandbehold（真想不到）,theysawwhattheythoughtresembledafossil.Itwasthecuratorofpaleontology（古生物负责人）oftheMississippiMuseumofNaturalScience,GeorgePhillips,whofirstidentifiedtheboneasa"verymatureindividual."

   TheMastodonwasamammalwholivedduringtheprehistorictimes.Theyhadlongtusksandtrunks,likeelephants.Theywereclearlydifferentfromtheirmodern-daycounterparts,aswellaswoollymammoths（猛犸）.

（1）HowdidtheyfindthejawboneofaMastodon?

A. Withgreatefforts.                                            

B. Bychance.

C. Instructedbyanexpert.                                   D. Throughimagination.

（2）Atfirstthebrothers'motherthoughtthejawbonewas     .

A. frompeoplewhodiedintheCivilWar           B. thebonefromaverymatureindividual

C. likealogorsomething                                    D. theprehistoricbone

（3）ThediscoveryofthejawboneofaMastodonisimportantmainlybecauseit     .

A. helpspeopletoknowmoreabouttheCivilWar         B. teacheskidstobemoreawareoftheirsurroundings

C. promotestheresearchonmoreprehistoriccreatures         D. attractstheMississippiMuseumofNaturalScience

（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthearticle?

A. PrehistoricBonesRecentlyFoundinMississippi         B. NotPetrifiedWoodNorCivilWarRelics

C. FirstIdentifyingBoneasa"VeryMatureIndividual"         D. UnexpectedlyDiscoveringMastodonJawbone

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了齿乳象的颚骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸，所发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有较强的促进作用。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段“ThreeboyswereenjoyingthemselvesintheirhometownofBovina,Mississippi.However,theirliveswereturnedupsidedownwhentheydiscoveredthejawboneofaMastodon（齿乳象）.”可知他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现齿乳象的颚骨的。

故选B。

（2）考查判断推理。

根据第四段中的“We'vegottenalotofpetrified（石化的）woodandCivilWarrelicsfromtheareaandthat'swhatIthoughtitwas”可知之前他们曾经发现过一些石化的木材以及内战时的遗物，所以他的母亲认为这次他们发现的还是内战里死亡的人的遗物。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Itwasthecuratorofpaleontology（古生物负责人）oftheMississippiMuseumofNaturalScience,GeorgePhillips,whofirstidentifiedtheboneasa‘verymatureindividual.’”“可知齿乳象的颚骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文是一篇记叙文，美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了史前巨物齿乳象的颚骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸，所发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有较强的促进作用。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Inthefuturethosewhoaretakingcareofoldpeoplemaygethelpfromthehouseitself.

   Overthelastfewyears,newtechnology,suchastheInternet,Wi-FiandflatTVscreens,haschangedourhomesandthewaythatwelive.Now,anothertechnologyrevolutionishappening.AnewprojectattheUniversityofHertfordshirewantstocreateahomethatmonitorspeoplelivinginitwhoareelderly.

   Theresearchershavedevelopedawristbanddevice（装置）whichhelpsustowatchtheelderlypersonwhoiswearingit.Thedevicecollectsinformationtoseeifthepersonhasfallenorhaswanderedawayfromwhereheorsheshouldbe.

   Theassisted-livingprojectispartoftheuniversity'swiderInterhomeproject,whichisthedevelopmentofasmarthouse.Thehouseremembersthehabitsofthepersonwholivesthereanditusesverylowamountsofenergy.TheInterhometeamhopethatofferingthisservicewillhelptakecareoftheelderly.Theysay,"It'sveryimportantthatthesetechnologiesaretheretohelpandsupportandnotreplaceanyoftheexistingservices."

   TheInterhomeisnotjustaresearchmethod.It'salsoawayforstudentsfromdifferentscientificbackgroundstolearnanddeveloptechnology.Theuniversityusesthelatesttechnologytohelpstudentsgetexperiencebydevelopingnewhardwareandsoftwarethemselves.Theteamincludesdesign,engineeringandcomputersciencestudentsworkingtogether.

   "Weareworkingonasmart-homeprojectinWatfordwithsomecompaniesatthemoment,"saystheprojectleader."Wearelookingathowasmarthomecanprovideevenmoreservices."Thiscouldhelpmillionsofoldpeoplearoundtheworldhaveabetterandsaferlifeinthefuture.

（1）Thewristbanddevicebenefitsitsusersby      .

A. changingthelivinghabitsoftheelderly         

B. monitoringpeoplewholiveinasmarthome

C. offeringinformationtothepersonwearingit         

D. watchingovertheelderlywhomayfallorgetlost

（2）WhomdoestheUniversityofHertfordshirehaveinitsresearchteam?

A. Studentswhowanttofindajobeagerly.         

B. Studentswhoprefertoworkontheirown.

C. Studentsfromdifferentscientificbackgrounds.         

D. Studentswithalotofrichworkingexperience.

（3）Whatistheprojectleader'sattitudetowardsthefutureofthesmarthomeproject?

A. Uncertain.                   

B. Uninterested.                   

C. Optimistic.                   

D. Disappointed.

（4）Whatmightbethemainideaofthepassage?

A. Awristbanddevicehaschangedthewaythatwelive.         

B. Asmarthomehelpsstudentsdevelophardwareandsoftware.

C. AnInterhomeprojecthasbeenputintousetohelptheelderly.         

D. AnInte