大学英语四级辅导材料《写作》.docx
《大学英语四级辅导材料《写作》.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大学英语四级辅导材料《写作》.docx(22页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
大学英语四级辅导材料《写作》
四级作文辅导
根据教育部颁布的大学英语教学大纲的要求,大学英语四级考试的命题形式有以下几种:
首尾句作文、提纲作文、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文等。
一、首尾句作文
首尾句作文是根据段首(尾)句续写短文。
段首句作文也称主题句作文,因为作文题中所给的段首句往往是段落主题句。
其特点是以题目为中心,一般情况下将文章分为三个段落,每段首句即为该段的主题句(topicsentences)。
考生要按主题句的要求组织材料,提出论据,用一些辅助句(supportingsentences)来支持或说明主题句,写英文段首句作文要注意:
所写的内容要紧扣主题,辅助句应围绕段首句续写。
保证段内每个句子的内容与段首句紧密展开各个段落,如:
例证、因果、定义、比较对比、程序等。
要注意句与句之间,特别是段首句与辅助句之间的自然衔接。
另外,所给的段首句有时是一个完整的句子,有时不是一个完整的句子,只是句子的一部分,这就要求考生一定要审好题。
找出其中表示中心思想的关键词,围绕这些关键词去扩展、描述或说明。
1.Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionaboutWomenintheModernWorldinthreeparagraphs.Youaregiventhefirstsentenceofeachparagraphandarerequiredtodeveloptheideaincompletingtheparagraph;yourpartofthecompositionshouldbeabout100words,notincludingthewordsgiven.Remembertowriteclearly.
[范文]WomenintheModernWorld
Womenareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinsociety.Successfulwomenwhoaregovernmentofficials,writers,scientists,doctorsandteacherscanbefoundeverywhere.Itistruethatmanyjobsthatonceweredominatedbymencanbedonewellbywomen.
Withthechangesintheirsocialrole,women’spositioninthefamilyhasbeenimprovedaswell.Thehusbandisnolongertheonlybreadmakerinthefamilyandthewifenolongerlivesonothers.Theysharecomfortsandhardshipswitheachother.
Inspiteofthesechanges,theliberationofwomenhasnotbeencompletelyrealized.Womenstillfacemanydifficultiesandobstaclesduetotraditionalrolesandlimitedeconomicstrength.Womenstillhavealongwaytogointheirstruggleforcompleteequalitywithmen.
第一段首句是讲妇女在社会上的作用,因而续写的内容紧紧围绕妇女的社会作用,比如,妇女可以是政府机关的工作人员、科学家、教师等;第二句的段首句是关于妇女在家庭中的地位也提高了,续写的内容也是有关夫妻患难与共;第三句的段首句是讲妇女解放仍然任重而道远,续写的部分提出了妇女所面临的问题,整个续写的部分紧扣段首句。
2.Directions:
WriteacompositionaboutWhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNopowerinthreeparagraphs,youaregiventhefirstsentenceorpartofthefirstsentenceofeachparagraph:
1Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.
2Iftherewerenoelectricpower,...
3Therefore,...
[范文]WhatWouldHappenIfThereWereNoPower
Eversinceearlythiscentury,electricityhasbecomeanessentialpartofourmodernlife.Ithasplayedadecisiveroleinthemodernworld.Everybodyadmitsthatdevelopmentofourcivilizationdependsonelectricity.
Iftherewerenoelectricitypower,ourmodernworldwouldbeintrouble.Forinstance,allthewheelwouldstopbecausewithoutthepowerthemachinewouldceaseworking.Andalltheelectricalequipmentlifewouldbeimpossibleandinagreatmasswithoutelectricity.
Therefore,weshouldmakebetteruseofelectivepower.Ontheotherhand,weshouldeducatepeopletoeconomizeonelectricityandnottowasteenergyresources.Atthesametimewemustdoourbesttoexploitmoreelectricresourcestomeettherequirementsofhumanbeings.
第一段的段首句是讲电已经成为人们现代生活中必不可少的部分,因而接下来的续写部分应强调它的重要性。
第二段的段首句提出如果没有电的假设,下面列出没有电将会出现的麻烦。
最后一段指出我们应该节约用电,开拓更多的电力资源。
二、提纲作文
提纲作文是要求考生根据所给出的作文题目和提纲(一般为中文提纲)进行写作。
中文提纲大多是以三个单句的形式出现的。
写提纲作文,首先要做的就是审题,并要仔细分析题目中所列举的提纲。
审完题后应该根据提纲拟出三个英文的主题句,再在这些主题句的基础上扩展成文。
在扩展的过程中一定要做到条理清楚,开门见山。
1.Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicGoodHealthaccordingthefollowingoutline.Yourcompositionislessthan120words.Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition.
Outline:
1健康的重要性
2保持健康的方法
3我的做法
[范文]GoodHealth
Goodhealthisveryimportanttoeveryone.Withit,wecanstudyhard,wecanserveourcountry,wecandoeverythingaswelike.Withoutgoodhealth,everybodyknowsthatwewillfailtodothings.Wecan’tworkefficiently,wemaystayinhospital,we’llbecomeaburdenofourfamily.
Inmyopinion,therearetwowaysforustokeepfit.First,wemusteatabalanceddiet.Thatistosay,wemusteatnotonlyeggs,fishandmeat,butalsosomevegetablesandfruiteveryday.Besideseatingproperly,drinkingcleanwaterisalsoimportant.Nevergetaddictedtodrinkingthesoftdrink.Second,exercisingisavitalpartofourdailylife.Wecandosomerunninginthemorningandplayfootballintheafternoon.
Asauniversitystudent,Ipaymuchattentiontophysicalexercises.Idosomeswimminginsummerandsomeskatinginwinter.Ioftenplaybadmintonandtennis.Iamalsocarefulwithmydiet.Inaway,keepinghealthyisnotveryhardifyoujusttakeitseriously.
文章开门见山就点出了主题:
Goodhealthisveryimportanttoeveryone。
然后作者很巧妙地用了with和without这两个介词从正反两个方面举出了具体的事例来支持自己的观点。
另外,with和without这两个词常用于议论文中,用“正证法”和“反证法”来对各论点或观点进行论述。
第二段的开头句紧扣提纲,概括地提出保持健康有两种方法,并且通过first,second这样的指示词,使所列举的事实条理化。
最后一段告诉读者自己的做法,也紧扣了提纲。
2.Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicCompetition. Yourcompositionshouldbelessthan120words.Rememberthatthecontentsoftheoutlineshouldallbeincludedinyourcomposition.
Outline:
1Theimportanceofcompetition
2Thefunctionofcompetition
3Myownpractices
[范文]Competition
Competitionmakespeopleactiveandcreative.Itisverynecessarytocompeteifhumansocietywantstoadvance.Withoutit,wewouldbecomelazyandnobodywouldtakeanyresponsibility.“Threemonks,therewillbenodrinkingwater.”ThisChineseproverbvividlydescribeswhyChina’sproductivitywassolowbeforeMr.Dengcameintopower.Atthattime,wehadtheso-calledplannedeconomy.Therewasnocompetitionatall.Sofarmersdidn’tworkhard.Workersdidn’tworkhard.Chinawasontheedgeofcollapse.
Competitioncanstimulatepeopletotrytheirbesttodothings.Forexample,in100meterrace,eachsportsmanrunsasquicklyaspossible,tryingtowinthechampion,thesamethingshappeninoursocietyandinourdailylife.Ifacompanywantstosurpass,itmustcompetewiththem.Itmustraiseitsefficiency.Allthecompaniesdoingthiswillnodoubtbenefitthewholesocietyandthewholehumanbeings.Beingastudent,Imustcompetewithotherstudentsinourstudies.ImuststudyhardinallthefieldssothatIcanbeausefulmanwhenIenterthesocietyaftergraduation.
文章一开头就提出了竞争的重要性。
接下来,作者用了两个事例更进一步说明了主题。
最后谈到了自己的做法。
三、关键词作文
关键词作文是根据作文题目以及所给出的关键词写短文。
关键词的数目由几个到十几个不等。
写这种题型的作文,要特别注意关键词的作用。
关键词是短文内容发展的“路标”,在作文思路和写作内容上起着决定乾坤的作用。
因此,写出的文章要把所给的这些关键词都用上,可以一句中用上几个词,也可以几句中用上一个词,只要能做到恰到好处即可。
而且,要学会根据所给关键词的语义群分段。
如果所给的关键词可以分为三组,那么,短文就可以写成三段。
如果给出的关键词是两组,短文就可以写为两段。
再者,要把给出的关键词用在刀刃上,即各段的主题句以及结尾的主题句都应该有关键词。
1.Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageon“TheAdvantagesofTravel”basedonthewordsandphrasesgiven:
advantageswidenourknowledge,makefriends,knowledgeorgeography,beautifulscenery,differentlifestyle,customsandcultures,variousfoods,practiceaforeignlanguage,worthspendingthetime.
[范文]TheAdvantagesofTravel
Wheneveracollegestudentisasked“Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?
”themostprobableanswermightbe“Iamgoingtohaveatrip.”Itseemsthatcollegestudentsarefondoftravelingverymuch.Why?
Becausetravelhasnumerousadvantages.
Firstofall,travelcanwidenourknowledgeofgeography,theknowledgeofdifferentcustoms,culturesandlifestylesofdifferentplacesandcountries.Secondly,wecanmakefriendsandpracticeaforeignlanguagethroughtraveling.Finally,travelisthebestwayofspendingtime.Wecanenjoyeatingvariouslocalfoodsandseeingbeautifulscenery.
Inaword,wecanbenefitfromtravelinmorethanoneway.Itisworthspendingthetime.
作者在第一段中就用上了关键词travel和advantage,并很巧妙地利用Becausetravelhasnumerousadvantages这样的承上启下的句子来引出下文关于旅游的种种好处。
最后又把关键词用在了文章的结尾处,强化了主题,不失为画龙点睛之笔。
2.Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageon“TheHelpfulFeaturesofTextbooks”basedonthefollowingwordsgiven:
textbooks,school,levels,kids,purpose,learn,therefore,features,information,contents,page,understand,divide,sections,finally,alphabetical,mast,help,quickly,efficiently.
[范文]TheHelpfulFeaturesofTextbooks
Textbooksarebooksthatstudentsuseinschools.Studentsatalllevelsandinallkindsofschoolsusetextbooks.Theyhavecertainfeaturesincommon—featuresthatcanhelpstudentsfindandunderstandtheinformationinthem.
Alltextbookshavetablesofcontentsatthebeginning.Thetablesofcontentslistthechaptertitles,thepartsofthechapters,andthepagenumbersoftheparts.Thesesectionsaredividedagainintosmallerpartswithheadingsandsubheadings.Finally,mosttextbookshaveanindexatthebackofthebook.Theindexlistsallthetopicsinthebookinalphabeticalorder,andgivestheirpagenumbers.
Thesearethefeaturesofmosttextbooks,whichhelpstudentsfindandunderstandtheinformationintextbooksquicklyandefficiently.
文章一开头用定义法给教材下了个定义。
接下来具体说明教材的主要特征。
最后一段与第一段相呼应,并重复和强调了几个关键词中的关键词,比如textbooks,information等。
四、图表作文
图表作文要求考生用文字材料把图表中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。
在写作图表作文时,首先要仔细观察并分析图表,以及题中所给出的有关信息,比如,作文题,英文提纲、英文提示、英语关键词等。
在分析图表时,要抓住与主题有关的信息,要发现数据呈现的规律,要充分利用图表中的图形、数据等去说明主题。
但是注意不要过多地引用数据,以免造成滥用数据的后果。
另外,在写作图表作文时可以套用一些常用词汇或表达方式,这将有助于你写出较为地道的图表作文。
例如:
①Ascanbeseenfromthetable(graph,form)that...
②Fromtheabovetableitcanbeseen(concluded)that...
③Acarefulstudyofthetableshowsthat...
④Thenumber(percentage)is3timesasmuchasthatin2000.
⑤Ithasdecreased(fell,dropped)abouttwice,comparedwith(ascomparedwith,asagainst)thatof2000.
⑥In2001,itincreased(wentup,rose)from5to15percentofthetotal(to15percent,by15percent).
1.Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositionbasedonthegivenbackgroundinnolessthan120words.RemembertowriteitneatlyonyourAnswerSheet.
Writeacompositiondescribin