英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧及练习题.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧及练习题.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧及练习题

（英语）高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）解题技巧及练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读理解

   Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor（流星）thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.

   ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles（颗粒）.TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.

   ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.

   TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles（ROVs）,calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean.Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.

   Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefromsomethingthatfell.

（1）WhatisthecurrentgoalofthecrewoftheOceanExplorationTrust?

A. Torecovertherockparticles.                         

B. Toobservemovementsoftheuniverse.

C. Tostudyunexploredplacesoftheocean.     D. Toexaminecreaturesoftheexploredocean.

（2）Whatmainlycausedthestartofthesearchinthesea?

A. Ahugemeteorshower.                                    

B. Businessvalueofmeteors.

C. Plentyofnaturalresources.                             

D. Thebrainstormofresearchers.

（3）Whydothescientistsprefertosearchformeteorsintheocean?

A. Theycanfindmeteorsmoreeasily.                 B. Theymayfindbiggerrockparticles.

C. Theyliketoexplorestrangeseaareas.           

D. Theyhavebettersubmarineequipment.

（4）Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?

A. Offercluesforthesearch.                                B. Givereasonstosupportaguess.

C. Stresstheimportanceoftheevent.                

D. Describetheprocessofthesearch.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们发现了他们认为是去年坠落地球的流星碎片。

这些物体是在美国太平洋沿岸发现的。

一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。

科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.”可知，theOceanExplorationTrust的船员目前的目标是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor（流星）thatfelltotheearthlastyear.”可知，一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.”可知，科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.”可知，作者在最后一段是想给出支持猜测的理由。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Anewstudysuggestsalinkbetweenexposuretogreeneryandreduceddesiresforalcoholcigaretteandjunkfood.

   Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipsbetweenexposuretonatureanddesiresandnegativeemotions.ResearchersattheUniversityofPlymouth'sSchoolofPsychologysurveyed149respondents（应答者）aged21o65abouttheproportion（比例）ofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood,thepresenceofgreenviewsfromtheirhome,theiraccesstoagardenandhowoftentheyusepublicgreenspace.Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety,aswellasdesiresforthingslikecaffeine,alcoholandnicotine.Participantsratedtheintensity（强度）,imagery,andintrusiveness（侵扰性）oftheirdesiresonan11-pointscale.

   Researchersfoundthepresenceofvisiblegreenspacecontributedtodecreaseddesiresforjunkfood.Theeffectwasparticularlynoticeablewhenmorethan25percentofarespondent'sviewwasgreenery.

   Previousscholarship（学术研究）hasdealtmostlywithexerciseinnature:

A2015studyoutoftheUniversityofMichiganfound90-minutegroupnaturewalkswereeffectiveatcombattingdepressionandrelievingothermooddisorders.Butforpeoplewhostrugglewithaccessibilityordon'thavetimefora90-minutewalk,thisnewstudysuggestsjustlookingoutawindowatatreecanhelpfightoffabadhabit.

   "Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatbeingoutdoorsinnatureislinkedtoaperson'swell-being,"leadauthorLeanneMartinsaidinastatement."Butfortheretobeasimilarassociationwithdesiresfromsimplybeingabletoseegreenspaceaddsanewdimensiontothepreviousresearch."

   A2018studyfromDenmark'sAarhusUniversityforexample,foundthat.Havingaccesstogreenspacethroughoutchildhooddecreasedaperson'sriskofdevelopingmentalhealthproblemsasanadult.

（1）Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theresultsofthenewstudy.

B.Thepurposeofthenewstudy.

C.Thesignificanceofthenewstudy.

D.Thecontentofthenewstudy.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"combatting"inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Reducing.

B.Developing.

C.Understanding.

D.Encouraging

（3）Accordingtothepassage,thenewstudy_____.

A.mainlyreferredtoexerciseinnature

B.hasenrichedthepreviousresearchtosomedegree

C.wascarriedoutbytheUniversityofMichigan

D.foundexposuretogreeneryhelpedcurementalproblems

（4）nwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?

A.Entertainment

B.BusinessWorld

C.Tech&Science

D.Environment

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果---多看绿色植物和吃垃圾食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：

多看绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据第二段中的 “Researchers…surveyed149respondentsaged21o65abouttheproportionofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood…”研究人员调查了年龄在21~65岁之间的149名参与者小区内的绿植比例……；以及“Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety…”研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题……等可知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合句中出现的“relievingothermooddisorders（缓解其他情绪紊乱）”不难推断出，combattingdepression应表示“减轻抑郁”。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“…addsanewdimension（方面）tothepreviousresearch”为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究成果。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文章最有可能出现在“技术与科学”版块。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Learning,FastandDeep

   Overthepastfiveyearsresearchersinartificialintelligencehavebecometherockstarsofthetechnologyworld.AbranchofAIknownasdeeplearning,whichusesneural（神经的）networkstoscanthroughlargevolumesofdatalookingforpatterns,hasprovensousefulthatskilledpractitionerscancommandhighsix-figuresalariestobuildsoftwareforAmazon,Apple,FacebookandGoogle.

   ThestandardrouteintothesejobshasbeenaPhDincomputersciencefromoneofAmerica'stopuniversities.Earningonetakesyearsandrequiresapersonalitysuitedtoacademia,whichisrareamongmorenormalfolk.

   Thatischanging.

   Lastmonthfast.ai,anon-profiteducationorganizationbasedinSanFrancisco,kickedoffthethirdyearofitscourseindeeplearning.Sinceitsfoundationithasattractedmorethan100,000studentsaroundtheglobefromIndiatoNigeria.Thecourseandotherslikeit,comewithasimpleidea:

thereisnoneedtospendyearsobtainingaPhDinordertopractisedeeplearning.Creatingsoftwarethatlearnscanbetaughtasacraft,notasahighintellectualpursuittobeundertakenonlyinanivorytower.Fast.ai'scoursecanbecompletedinjustsevenweeks.

   TomakeitaccessibletoanyonewhowantstolearnhowtobuildAIsoftwareistheaimofJeremyHoward,whofoundedfast.aiwithRachelThomas,amathematician.Hesaysschoolmathematicsissufficient."No.Greek.Letters,"Mr.Howardintones,poundingthetablewithhisfistforpunctuation.

   SomeexpertsworrythatthiswillserveonlytocreateafloodofunreliableAIsystemswhichwillbeuselessatbestanddangerousatworst.IntheearliestdaysoftheInternet,onlyaselectfewnerds,namelycomputerholieswithspecificskills,couldbuildapplications.Notmanypeopleusedthem.ThentheinventionoftheWorldWideWebledtoanexplosionofwebpages,bothgoodandbad.ButitwasonlybyopeninguptoallthattheInternetgavebirthtoonlineshopping,instantglobalcommunicationsandsearch.IfMr.Howardandothershavetheirway,makingthedevelopmentofAIsoftwareeasierwillbringforthanewcropoffruitofadifferentkind.

（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutdeeplearning?

A. Itreplacesartificialintelligence.                     

B. Itattractsrockstarstopractice.

C. Itscanspatternsforlargecompanies.            

D. Ithelpstechnicianstocreatesoftware.

（2）Fast.aiisanorganizationthat        .

A. ensuresonetoobtainaPhD                          

B. teachescraftiniv