英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧及练习题.docx

1、英语高考英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧及练习题（英语）高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧及练习题一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读理解 Scientists have found what they believe are pieces of a meteor(流星)that fell to the earth last year. The objects were discovered off the coast of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. The crew of the Nautilus, a private research

2、 ship, recovered the rock particles(颗粒).The Nautilus is operated by the Ocean Exploration Trust. The group says its aim at present is to examine areas of the ocean that have never been explored before. The search was launched after US government weather stations observed a large meteorite exploding

3、some months ago. The explosion lit up the sky and sent the rock particles to the earth. The meteorite fall was the largest recorded over the United States in at least 20years. The team includes scientists from NASA, the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and the University of Washington. The sc

4、ientists examined what they believe were two small meteorite fragments. Further testing is needed before they can confirm that the material came from the explosion. The Nautilus is equipped with two remotely operated vehicles(ROVs), called Hercules and Argus. These robotic submarines help researcher

5、s find and collect materials from the seafloor. The fact that the particles landed in the ocean, instead of on land, means larger pieces may have survived and can be studied. For this reason, scientists decided to launch the first intentional search for meteorites from the ocean. Until the latest re

6、search, scientists had only accidentally discovered a small number of meteorites from drilling operations. The objects recovered from the bottom of the sea likely came from the recent explosion for two main reasons. First, meteorite particles are basically made of glassy materials that do not tend t

7、o last long in seawater. Secondly, they came from what looked like a small hole on the seafloor. Some evidence shows that they came from something that fell.（1）What is the current goal of the crew of the Ocean Exploration Trust? A.To recover the rock particles.B.To observe movements of the universe.

8、C.To study unexplored places of the ocean.D.To examine creatures of the explored ocean.（2）What mainly caused the start of the search in the sea? A.A huge meteor shower.B.Business value of meteors.C.Plenty of natural resources.D.The brainstorm of researchers.（3）Why do the scientists prefer to search

9、for meteors in the ocean? A.They can find meteors more easily.B.They may find bigger rock particles.C.They like to explore strange sea areas.D.They have better submarine equipment.（4）What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A.Offer clues for the search.B.Give reasons to support a gue

10、ss.C.Stress the importance of the event.D.Describe the process of the search.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们发现了他们认为是去年坠落地球的流星碎片。这些物体是在美国太平洋沿岸发现的。一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The group says its aim at present is to examine areas of the ocean that

11、have never been explored before.”可知，the Ocean Exploration Trust的船员目前的目标是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Scientists have found what they believe are pieces of a meteor(流星)that fell to the earth last year.”可知，一场巨大的流星雨导致了在海中搜索的开始。故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The fact that the particles landed in the ocea

12、n, instead of on land, means larger pieces may have survived and can be studied.”可知，科学家更喜欢在海洋中寻找流星是因为他们可能会发现更大的岩石颗粒。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The objects recovered from the bottom of the sea likely came from the recent explosion for two main reasons.”可知，作者在最后一段是想给出支持猜测的理由。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的

13、考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food. The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Resear

14、chers at the University of Plymouths School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked

15、questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale. Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed

16、to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondents view was greenery. Previous scholarship(学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effect

17、ive at combatting depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or dont have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit. It has been known for some time that being outdoors in n

18、ature is linked to a persons well-being, lead author Leanne Martin said in a statement. But for there to be a similar association with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research. A 2018 study from Denmarks Aarhus University for example, found that

19、. Having access to green space throughout childhood decreased a persons risk of developing mental health problems as an adult.（1）What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A.The results of the new study.B.The purpose of the new study.C.The significance of the new study.D.The content of the ne

20、w study.（2）What does the underlined word combatting in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）According to the passage, the new study _. A.mainly referred to exercise in natureB.has enriched the previous research to some degreeC.was carried out by the Univ

21、ersity of MichiganD.found exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems（4）n which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? A.EntertainmentB.Business WorldC.Tech &ScienceD.Environment【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果-多看绿色植物和吃垃圾食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：多看绿色植物能帮助人

22、们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。 （1）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Researchers surveyed 149 respondents aged 21 o 65 about the proportion of green space in their neighborhood”研究人员调查了年龄在2165岁之间的149名参与者小区内的绿植比例；以及“The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety”研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题等可知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选D。 （2）考

23、查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合句中出现的“relieving other mood disorders(缓解其他情绪紊乱)”不难推断出， combatting depression应表示“减轻抑郁”。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“adds a new dimension(方面) to the previous research”为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究成果。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文章最有可能出现在“技术与科学”版块。故选C。 【

24、点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Learning, Fast and Deep Over the past five years researchers in artificial intelligence have become the rock stars of the technology world. A branch of AI known as deep learning, which uses neural

25、(神经的) networks to scan through large volumes of data looking for patterns, has proven so useful that skilled practitioners can command high six-figure salaries to build software for Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google. The standard route into these jobs has been a PhD in computer science from one of

26、Americas top universities. Earning one takes years and requires a personality suited to academia, which is rare among more normal folk. That is changing. Last month fast.ai, a non-profit education organization based in San Francisco, kicked off the third year of its course in deep learning. Since it

27、s foundation it has attracted more than 100, 000 students around the globe from India to Nigeria. The course and others like it, come with a simple idea: there is no need to spend years obtaining a PhD in order to practise deep learning. Creating software that learns can be taught as a craft, not as

28、 a high intellectual pursuit to be undertaken only in an ivory tower. Fast. ais course can be completed in just seven weeks. To make it accessible to anyone who wants to learn how to build AI software is the aim of Jeremy Howard, who founded fast.ai with Rachel Thomas, a mathematician. He says schoo

29、l mathematics is sufficient. No. Greek. Letters, Mr. Howard intones, pounding the table with his fist for punctuation. Some experts worry that this will serve only to create a flood of unreliable AI systems which will be useless at best and dangerous at worst. In the earliest days of the Internet, o

30、nly a select few nerds, namely computer holies with specific skills, could build applications. Not many people used them. Then the invention of the World Wide Web led to an explosion of web pages, both good and bad. But it was only by opening up to all that the Internet gave birth to online shopping

31、, instant global communications and search. If Mr. Howard and others have their way, making the development of AI software easier will bring forth a new crop of fruit of a different kind.（1）What can we learn about deep learning? A.It replaces artificial intelligence.B.It attracts rock stars to practice.C.It scans patterns for large companies.D.It helps technicians to create software.（2）Fast. ai is an organization that . A.ensures one to obtain a PhDB.teaches craft in iv