英文资料及中文翻译.docx

英文资料及中文翻译.docx

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英文资料及中文翻译

EngineManagementSystem

Moroniccombinesalltheelectronicsystemsforenginecontrolinasignalcontrolunit（ECU）which,inturn,governstheactuatingsystemsusedtocontrolthespark-ignitionengine.Engine-mountedmonitoringdevices（sensors）gathertherequiredoperatingdataandrelaytheinformationtoinputcircuitsfor.

●ignition（on/off）

●camshaftposition

●vehiclespeed

●gearselection

●transmissioncontrol

●airconditioner,etc.

Monitoredanalogdatainclude:

●batteryvoltage

●enginetemperature

●intake-airtemperature

●airquantity

●throttle-valveangle

●lambdaoxygensensor

●Knocksensor,etc.

aswellas

●enginespeed

InputcircuitslocatedwithintheECUconvertthesedataforsubsequentoperationsinthemicroprocessor.Themicroprocessor,inturn,usesthesedatatodeterminetheengine’smomentaryoperatingconditions;thisinformationservesasthebasisfortheECU’stothefinal–controlelementsusedtocontroltheengine.Thissystemcombinesfuelinjection,highest-qualitymixturepreparationandthecorrectignitiontimingtoprovidemutualsupportovertheentirerangeofoperatingconditionsencounteredinthespark-ignitionengine.

Moronicversions

ThedescriptionsandillustrationsonthefollowingpagesrefertoatypicalMoronicconfiguration.OtherMoronicsystemsareavailabletomeetthespecialdemandsarisingfromspecificnationalregulationsaswellastherequirementsoftheindividualautomobilemanufacturers.

Basicfunctions

Controloftheignitionandfuel-injectionprocessesis（independentofversion）atthecoreofthemoronicsystem.

Auxiliaryfunctions

Additionalopenandclosed-loopcontrolfunctions–requiredinresponsetolegislationaimedatreductionsinexhaustemissionsandfuelconsumption–supplementthebasicMoronicfunctionswhilemakingitpossibletomonitorallcomponentsexercisinganinfluenceonthecom-opponentsoftheexhaustgases.

Theseinclude:

●Idle-speedcontrol

●Lambdaoxygencontrol

●Controloftheevaporativeemissionscontrolsystem,

●Knockcontrol

●Exhaust-gasrecirculation（EGR）forreducingNOxemission,and

●ControlofthesecondaryairinjectiontoreduceHCemissions.

Thesystemcanalsobeexpandedtomeetspecialdemandsfromautomobilemanufacturersbyincludingthefollowing;

●Open-loopturbochargercontrolaswellascontrolofvariable-tractintakemanifoldsforincreasedenginepoweroutput,and

●Knockcontrolalongwithengineandvehicle-apedgoverningfunctions,toprotectengineandvehicle.

Vehiclemanagement

Moronicsupportsthecontrolunitsinothervehiclesystems.Itcan,forinstance,operatetogetherwiththeautomatictransmission’scontrolunittoprovidereductionsintorqueduringshifting,therebylesseningtransmissionwear.MoroniccanalsoworktogetherwiththeABScontrolunittoprovidetractioncontrol（ASR）forenhancedvehiclesafety.

Theschematicsystemillustrationbelowshowsamaximal-configurationMoronicsystem.Thistypeofsystemcanbeemployedtosatisfy

Thestringentemissionslimits,and

Therequirementforanintegral,onboarddiagnosis（OBD）systemforCaliforniavehiclefrom1993onward.

Processingoperatingdata

Processingloadsignals

Monitoredvariables

TheECUusesthesignalsforloadandenginespeedtocalculatealoadsignalcorrespondingtotheairmassinductedintotheengineduringeachstroke.Thisloadsignalseersasthebasisforcalculationofinjectiondurationandforaddressingtheprogrammedresponsecurvesforignitionadvanceangle.

Monitoringairmass

Hot-wireorhot-filmair–massmetersmeasuretheairmassdirectly,producingasignalthatissuitableforuseasaparameterinload-signalcalculations.Whenanair-flowmeterisused,densitycorrectionisalsorequiredbeforeairmassandloaddetermined.inspecialcasesmonitoringerrorsduetoheavypulsationintheintakemanifoldalsoreceivecompensationintheformofapulsationcorrection.

Monitoringpressure

Pressure-monitoringsystems（usingapressuresensortodetermineload）

Differformair-massmonitoringsystemsinthat1nodirectformulasareavailablefordefiningtherelationshipbetweenintakepressureandtheair-massintake.TheECUthereforecalculatestheloadsignalwiththeaidofcorrectionsstoredinaprogrammap.Subsequentcompensationisprovidedforchangesintemperatureandresidualgasrelativetotheinitialstate.

Measuringthrottle-valveangle

Whenathrottle-valvesensorisused,theECUdeterminestheloadsignalwithreferencetoenginespeedandthrottle-valveangle.Compensationforvariationsinairdensityarebasedon1readings2fortemperatureandambientpressure.

Calculatinginjectiontiming

Baseinjectiontiming

Thebaseinjectiontimingiscalculateddirectlyfromtheloadsignalandfromtheinjectorconstants,anddefinedtherelationshipbetweenthedurationoftheactivationsignalandtheflowquantityattheinjector.Thisconstantthusvariesaccordingtoinjectordesign.Whentheinjectiondurationismultipliedbytheinjectorconstanttheresultwillbeafuelmasscorrespondingtoaparticularairmassforeachstroke.

Thebasesettingisselectedforanexcess-airfactorofλ=1.

Theremainsvalidforaslongasthepressuredifferentialbetweenfuelandintakemanifoldstaysconstant.Whenitvaries,aλcorrectionmapcompensatesforthisinfluenceoninjectiontimes.

Meanwhile,abattery-voltagecorrectorcompensatesfortheeffectsthatfluctuationsinbatteryvoltagehaveontheinjectors’openingandclosingtimes.

Effectiveinjectiontime

Theeffectiveinjectionresultswhenthecorrectionfactorsareincludedinthecalculations.Thecorrectionfactorsaredeterminedincorrespondingspecialfunctionsandprovideadjustmentdataforvaryingengineoperatingrangesandconditions.Thecorrectionfactorsareusedbothindividuallyandincombinationsaccordingtoapplicableparameters.

TheprocessforcalculationtheinjectiontimeisillustratedinFigure.

Oncecylinderfillingdropsbelowacertainlevel,themixturewillceasetoignite.Restrictingtheinjectiontimethuspreventstheformationofunburnedhydrocarbonsintheexhaustgas.

Forstarting,theinjectiontimeiscalculatedseparatelyusingcriteriaindependentofthecalculatedloadsignal.

Injectionmode

Inadditiontotheinjectiontime,theinjectionmodeisyetanotherimportantparameterforfueleconomyandexhaustemissions.Therangeofoptionsdependsuponthetypeofinjectionsystem:

●Simultaneousinjection,

●Groupinjection,or

●Sequentialinjection.

Simultaneousinjection

Withsimultaneousinjection,theinjectionprocessistriggeredtwicepercycleataspecificpointintimeatallinjectors,thatis,onceforeachcamshaftrevolution,oronceforeverytwocrankshaftrevolutions.Theinjectionmodeisstatic.

Groupinjectiongroupinfectioncombinestheinjectorsintwogroups,witheachgroupbeingtriggeredoncepercycle.Thetimeintervalbetweenthetwotriggeringpointsisequaltoonecrankshaftrotationperiod.Thisarrangementmakesitpossibletousetheengineoperatingpointastheessentialcriterioninselectingtheinjectionmodewhilealsopreventionundesirablespraythroughtheopenintakewavesthroughoutawiderangeintheprogrammap.

Sequentialinjection

Thistypeofinjectionprovidesthehighestdegreeofdesignofdesignlatitude.Here,theinjectionprocessesfromtheindividualinji8ctorstakeplaceindependentlyofeachotheratthesamepointinthecyclereferredtotherespectivecylinder.Therearenorestrictionsoninjectiontiming,whichcanbefreelyadaptedtocorrespondwiththeoptimizationcriteria.

Comparison

Groupandsequentialinjectionrequireawiderinjectorvariationrange（rangeextendingfromtheminimumquantityatidletothemaximumunderfullthrottle）thansimultaneousinjection.

Controllingdwellangle

Thedwellanglevariestheignitioncoil’scurrent-flowperiodaccordingtoenginespeedandbatteryvoltage.Thedwellangleisselectedtoensureavailabilityoftherequiredprimarycurrentattheendofthecurrentflowtimethroughoutthewidestpossiblerangeofoperationconditions.Thedwellangleisbasedontheignitioncoil’schargetime,which,inturn,dependsuponbatteryvoltage.Asupplementarydynamicreservemakesitpossibletosupplytherequiredcurrentevenduringsuddenshiftstohighenginespeeds.thechargetimeisrestrictedintheupperrpmrangetomaintainanadequatearcingtimeatthesparkplug.

AprogrammapcontainingthebasicignitiontimingforvariousengineloadsandspeedsisstoredinthememoryoftheMedtronicECU.Thisignitionadvanceangleisoptimizedforminimalfuelconsumptionandexhaustemissions.

Dateforengineandintake-airtemperature（monitoredviasensors）providethebasisforcorrectionstocompensatefortemperaturevariations.Theunitcansupplyadditioncorrectionsand/orreverttootherprogrammaptoadapttoalloperatingconditions.Thusthemutualeffectsoftorque,emissions,fuelconsumption,resignationtendencyanddrivabilitycanallbetakenintoaccount.Specialignition-anglecorrectionfactorsareactiveduringoperationwithsecondaryairinjectionorexhaust-gasrecirculationoperatingranges（idle,partthrottle,fullthrottle,startandwarm-up）continuetobetakenintoaccount.

Drivingdynamiccontrol

1.Title:

drivingdynamiccontrol.—Arrangementofcomponents

Function:

Hydraulicaggregate:

Settingtherequiredwheelpressure,independentofthepreliminarypressure,SiameseABS/DSC5,butextendedtoincludethefollowing”

-Thepressureineachwheelmustbeabletobemodulatedseparately.

-Appropriatemeasuresmustbetakentoquicklyraisethepressur