大学英语四六级阅读作文训练.docx

大学英语四六级阅读作文训练.docx

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大学英语四六级阅读作文训练

2017年12月四级阅读（第一套）

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effext.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.

Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewasthatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators（捕食者）.Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivitypftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres（半球）oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.

Curiousidthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps（蜂鸣声）ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.

46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?

A）Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.    C）Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.

B）Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.    D）Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.

47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?

A）Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.

B）Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.

C）Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins.

D）Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.

48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?

A）Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.

B）Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.

C）Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.

D）Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.

49.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?

A）Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.

B）Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.

C）Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.

D）Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.

50.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?

A）Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.

B）Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.

C）Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.

D）Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

It’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.

Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?

Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.

Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.It’salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying“no.”Womenwanttobeabletodoitall—volunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals—andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”

Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay“no”maybehurtingwomen’shealthaswellastheircareer.

Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon’twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimmediately,resultinginadisputeoverwhoshouldbetheonetofixit.Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthemmost,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveofwhat’stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem—evenifthatmeansdoingtheboringworkthemselves.

Thisdifferenceinhandlingconflictcouldbethedecidingfactoronwhogetspromotedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot.Leadershavetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswisely—includingstaffexpertise.Shoulderingmoreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,itmayhighlightyouinabilitytodelegateeffectively.

51.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithwomen?

A）Theyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoreach.

B）Theyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanonthejob.

C）Theytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldgo.

D）Theytendtopushthemselvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirability.

52.Whydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofenergy?

A）Theystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandhome. 

B）Theyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaresult.

C）Theydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirworkmates.

D）Theyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyresponsibilities.

53.Whatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerwomen?

A）Theirunwillingnesstosay“no”.

B）Theirdesiretobeconsideredpowerful.

C）Anunderestimateoftheirownability.

D）Alackofcouragetofacechallenges.

54.Menandwomendifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplaceconflictsinthat________

A）   womentendtobeeasilysatisfied

B）   menaregenerallymorepersuasive

C）   mentendtoputtheirpersonalinterestsfirst

D）   womenaremuchmorereadytocompromise

55.Whatisimportanttoagoodleader?

A） Adominantpersonality.           C） Thecouragetoadmitfailure.

B） Theabilitytodelegate.           D） Astrongsenseofresponsibility.

2017年12月四级阅读（第二套）

PassageOne

Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”

Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.

BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.

“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical（制药的）industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.

“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan’tcontrol,”hesaid.“INacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”

Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.”

“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.”

LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.

“There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”

46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?

 A）Itshouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.

 B）Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.

 C）Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.

 D）Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.

47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?

A）Itmightbepreventedandtreated.    C）Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.

B）Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.    D）Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.

48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?

A）Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.

B）Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.

C）Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.

D）