娱乐机器人外文翻译.docx

娱乐机器人外文翻译.docx

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娱乐机器人外文翻译

附录一

EntertainmentRobots

Sarcos,aUtah-basedcompany,developedtherobotshownatleft.With30jointsarrangedinatorsosupporting fivebranchingchains,thisisthemostkinematicallycomplexrobotIhaveeverseen.Unlikemostrobotsthatareeitherelectricorhydraulic,thisrobotutilizespneumaticmotors.

Sarcoshasdevelopedsomeoftheworld'smostsophisticatedhumanoidrobotsandvirtualrealityinterfaces.Sarcosentertainmentrobotsareconstructednotonlytobehighperformance,butalsotobesensitiveandgraceful.Sarcoshasplacedagreatdealofemphasisontheaestheticsofitshumanoidaswellastheengineering.Itscorporatestaffincludesleadingdesigners,artistsandcraftspeoplewhostyletherobots.Conceptdevelopmentandgraphicrenderingsaresupportedbyacompletesculptingfacility,wherehigh-performanceskinsandothercoveringsareproduced.TheycanbeteleoperatedbyaremoteoperatorwearingaSenSuitorbyacomputer-controlledplaybackofapreprogrammedshow.Recently,aSarcosrobotnamedDBhasbeenusedbytheERATObrainprojectinJapantoenablemotionlearning.DBhas30D.O.F.andisnicelypackagedinan80kg,1.85mbody.AtetherconnectsDBwithitsairsupplyandcontrolcomputers.

AnydiscussionofentertainmentrobotshastoincludeDisney.Theyhavebeendoingentertainmentrobotsaslongasanyoneandtheydothemquitewell.WithdancingbearsandsingingpiratesDisney'simagineershavecreatedthousandsofrobots.TherobotshownatleftisnewasofAugust,2003.ItisarobotdinosaurnamedLucky.Hewalksonhistwobacklegsandpullsaverylargecartof"silkflowers".Reallythecartisfullofbatteries.EvenDisneyhasnotfigured-outthebatteryissuethatplaguesmobilerobots.Thiswastheonlywaytheycouldgetenoughbatterylifefortherobottospendameaningfulamountoftimewanderingtheamusementpart.

Idon'tdorollercoasters,butI'msuremykidswouldlovethis.Accordingtothemanufacturer,KUKARobotics,thisisthefirstrobotwithworld-widecertificationtohandlehumanbeings.KUKAmakesrobotsofveryhigh-quality,soIwouldletmykidsride.Here'sadescriptionfromtheKUKAsite"IntheuniqueROBOCOASTERfromKUKARoboter,theadvantagesofthepracticallyunrestrictedfreedomofmotionandexcellentdynamicperformanceofanindustrialrobothavebeenexploitedintheleisureandamusementindustryforthefirsttime."

Andwhocanforgettheconsumerentertainmentrobotsthathavecomeontothemarketinthelastdecadeorso?

FromthoselittleFurby'sthatgoforaroundtwenty

buckstoSony'sAibo（twoofwhichareshownatleft）thatcantopathousanddollarsapop;thesehavebeenthefirstrobotstoreallypervadeourhomes.OneofthefunniestthingsIhaveeverseenwasmydogrunningaroundthehousewitha"live"Furbyinitsmouth.MydogwouldgiveitashakeeverynowandthenandtheFurbywasgoingofflikeitwas,well,likeitwasbeingshakeninadog's

TheLegoMindstormsarealsoabigplayerinthiscategory.FutureroboticistswilllikelyremembertheirfirstLegoMindstormsinthesamewaytoday'scomputerscientistsremembertheirfirstTRS80personalcomputer.

Someentertainmentrobotsarenotmuchmorethanrolling,remote-controlledspeakerphoneswithvideocamera"eyes."Theycanwanderaroundatpartiesandplaypre-recordedjinglesordisplayscrollingmessagestopromoteacompany'sproductsordistributepromotionalliterature.

FloridaRoboticsmakesrobotslikethese.Theyalsomakemorecomplexrobotsthathavethecapabilitytotalkwithon-lookersandincludefiberoptichair,remoteFloridaRoboticsmakesrobotslikethese.Theyalsomakemorecomplexrobotsthathavethecapabilitytotalkwithon-lookersandincludefiberoptichair,remotesmoke.

DisneymakesuseofaFloridaRoboticsrobotcalled"X1846"atWaltDisneyWorldinOrlando,Florida.X1846servesdrinksthere.Heck,I'lltakearobotthatcanbringmeasoda.

BugRobots

Idon'tshowmanypeopleonthissite,butthereisnodiscussionofbugrobotswithoutRodneyBrooks.Heprettymuchstartedthebugrobotidea.ThereissomuchinformationonlineaboutRodney,hisworkatMITandwithiRobotthatIamnotevengoingtobotherwiththat.IwilltellyouaboutatimeIhadlunchwithhiminthemid-1990'sjustofftheStanfordUniversitycampus.I'msurehedoesn'tremember.ItwasagroupoftenortwentypeoplepresentingresearchworkandIwasluckyenoughtositatthesametableasRodney.Wetalkedaboutourkids,ourwives,theweatherandnoneaboutrobots.He'saniceguy;withanunassuming,down-to-earthpersonalityandanAustralianaccent.IdofinditinterestingthatRodney'sroboticsresearchhasprogressedfrombugs,tohorses,todogsandnowontohumanoidrobots.Akindofevolutioninalifetime.

Thebasicideabehindthebugrobotswastotrytounderstandverysimplebiologiccreaturesandcreatecorrespondingrobotsbeforetryingtobuildhighlycomplexrobotsthattrytomimichumanreasoning.Evenafruitflywithlessthantwentyneuralconnectionscanfly,avoidobstacles,findfoodandmate（howeveritisthat fruitfliesmate）.Thisideamakesalotofsense,butinpracticalitybuildingverytinyrobotsisquitedifficult.Itseemslikethepeoplewhoworkonbugrobotsspendmoretimedevelopingtechniquesforbuildingtinyrobotsthantheydoonstudyingbugbehaviorsandwaystomimicthem.

Ifyouwanttogivebugrobotsatry,youmightconsiderthelittleBugBrainbyYostEngineeringontheleft.Thosebigwhiskersonthefrontgivethebugtheabilitytosensecontactswithobjectsinitsenvironmentandyoucanprogramtheonboardcomputertomakedecisionsabouthowtoreact.That'satruerobot.Youcanaddothersensorstoittoo.Maybeaphototransistorsothebugcan"runfortheshadows"likerealbugsdo?

AccordingtothemanufactureryoucanalsoaddwirelessRFandanultrasonicrangefindertothebug.Thatcouldgiveitsensinganddecisionmakingcapabilitieson-parwithUniversityresearchrobots.

TheexplorationofMars isoneapplicationthathasbeenproposedforbugrobots.Insteadofsendingoneortwobigrobots,sendoneortwothousandbugrobotsequippedwithsmallcamerasandchemicalsensors.Oneoftheadvantagesofthisapproachisfaulttolerance.Ifafewofthebugsbreakorgetlost,itisnobigdeal.Anotheristheabilityofthesmallbugstogetintosmallplacessuchascracksorfissuresinrocks.Ofcoursethesmallsizeoftherobotsalsolimitsthescaleoftaskstheycanaccomplish.ForexampleevenathousandbugsworkingtogetherarenotgoingtodrillacoresampletenfeetintotheMartiancrust.

UnderseaRobots

Underseaoperationsareagreatapplicationforroboticstoreplacehumans.Workingunderwaterisbothdangerousanddifficultforhumans.SchillingRoboticsmakesthesystemshownatleft.Thissystemcombinesaremoteoperatedvehiclewiththrustersformaneuveringandtworobotarmsformanipulating.Notethatoneofthearmsisalmostagrappler.Itcangrabsomethingrigid,suchasthebaseofanoilrig,tosteadythevehiclewhiletheotherarmperformssuchtasksasweldingandvalvemaintenance.

Therobotatleftisabiomimetic（mimickingbiology）lobsterdevelopedbytheNortheasternUniversityMarineScienceCenter.Biomimeticrobotsmayemploymyomorphicactuators,whichmimicmuscleaction;neuromorphicsensors,which,likeanimalsensors,representsensorymodalitiessuchaslight,pressure,andmotioninalabeled-linecode;biomimeticcontrollers,basedontherelativelysimplecontrolsystemsofinvertebrateanimals;andautonomousbehaviorsthatarebasedontheactualanimal'sbehavior.Ifarobotlikethisgoeswalkingaroundontheoceanfloor,Iwonderifabigfishwilleatit？

TheAustralianCentreforFieldRoboticsattheUniversityofSydneydevelopedtherobotshownatleftasaprototypeforautonomousunderwaterrobotsthatmayonedayexploreandmonitortheGreatBarrierReef.Atpresentthisrobot（calledOberon）mustremaintetheredtoashiponthesurface,butitsinventorspredictthatwithinadecadeitwouldbepossibleforrobotstobeloweredtotheoceanfloorandlefttogetonwithmappingtheterrainontheirown.Oberonhastwoscanningsonarsandadepthsensoraswellasacolorcamera.Itdoesnotneedanyindependentinformation,suchasfromglobalpositioningsystemsatellites,toworkoutwhereitis.

RobotsintheMilitary

Prettymuchbydefinition,themilitaryisadangerousplaceforhumans.Thismakesitalogicalapplicationforrobotics,butIdefinitelyhavemixedfeelingsaboutthat.Icanlivewithrobotsassistingsoldiers,butautomatedkillingistakingittoofar.AtleftweseetheSmartCraneAmmunitionTransferSystembeingdeveloped bytheRoboticsResearchCorporation.Thegoalisforonesoldiertobeabletounloadtheentiretruckwithouteverleavingthecab.Thesystemincludescameras,videoscreens,forcesensorsandspecialgrippers.

Thephotoatleftshowsaroboticmine-sweeper.Itisbasicallyatractorwithabunchofswingingchainsmountedonthefront.Thesechainspoundthegroundwith

significantforcestoexplodeanyburiedmines.UsingGPSandrelativelysimplecontrolalgorithms,robotssuchasthesecanbeprogrammedtomethodicallycoverlargeareasofgroundinaperfectgrid.Vehicleslikethiscanalsobeequippedwithwatercuttingtoolstocutintoandthroughexplosiveordnance,watercannonstodisperseunrulymobsandchargesetterstoexplodesuspiciouspackages.Fortheseoperationstheunmannedvehiclewouldbeteleoperated. 

ThePredatorshownatlefthasprobablybecomeourmilitary'smostfamousunmannedvehicle.Itisessentiallyasuperhigh-techr/cp