政治教学论文英语.docx
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政治教学论文英语
Introduction
Inthepasttenyears,numerousChinesescholarshavedevotedtheirtimetostudyingvocabulary.Manypapersthattheywrotearerelatedtovocabularyalot.Thosescholarswhostudyvocabularyareconcentratingonexploringsomestrategiesonteachingvocabularyforprimaryschoolandmiddleschoolstudents.Onlyfewofthemfocusonstudyingsomestrategiesofteachingandlearningwordsinthecollege.
Manydomesticscholars,suchasYuDemin,ZhaoJun,LvMourong…etc,havewrittenmanypapersthatarerelatedtovocabulary.Theynotonlyemphasizetheimportanceofteachingandlearningvocabulary,butpresentsomestrategiesofteachingandlearningvocabulary.Foreignscholars:
EvelynHatch,CheryleBrownandD.AWilkinsalsowrotesomepapersthatareconnectedwithvocabulary.Intheirworks,Vocabulary,SemanticsandLanguageEducationandLinguisticsinLanguageTeaching,theypresentedsomestrategiesofteachingandlearningvocabularyanddistinguishedtherelationshipbetweenwords.
Althoughscholarsdidsomanyresearchesonhowtoteachandlearnvocabulary,inordertofindsomeproperstrategiestoteachandlearnvocabulary,Iwouldliketosupplementsomeofmyopinionsabouthowtoteachandlearnwordseffectivelyatcollege.
WhatIwouldliketointroduceinthispartisthedevelopmentofEnglishvocabulary:
thedevelopmentofOldEnglishandthedevelopmentofModernEnglish.InhisworkMarxismandproblemsofLinguistics,Stalinpointedoutthatvocabularyisthebuildingmaterialoflanguage.1FromthesentenceImentionedabove,EnglishlearnersneedtounderstandthatvocabularyplaysanimportantroleintheprocessoflearningEnglish.Therefore,itisnecessaryforlearnerstoacquiresomeknowledgeaboutthedevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary,becauseitisessentialforbothteachersandstudents.Toacquiresomeknowledgeaboutthedevelopmentofthewordswillhelpthemteachandlearnwordseffectively.
ThestudyofthedevelopmentofOldEnglishvocabularyshouldnotbeseparatedfromthegrowthoftheEnglishitself.ThehistoryofOldEnglishstartedattheconquestandsettlementoftheEnglandbytheAngles,SaxonsandJutesin450AD.ThelanguagespokenwasAnglo-Saxon.ItwasknownastheOldEnglish.TheEnglishlanguagefrom1500tonowiscalledModernEnglish.BetweenOldEnglishandModernEnglishwasMiddleEnglish.InModernEnglishperiod,thestageofdevelopmentofEnglishvocabularycouldbedividedintothreeparts:
theRenaissanceperiod(1500-1700);attheturnofthe19thand20thcenturiesandafterWorldWarIItillnow.
Inthesetwoperiods,thewordsfromothercountries,suchasOldNorse,Latin,French,Italian,Arabic,Chinese,Japanese,African,Indian…etc,werebeginningtobeabsorbedasEnglishwords.Therefore,learningsomeknowledgeaboutthedevelopmentofEnglishvocabularyisnecessaryforcollegestudents,foritwillhelpthemlearnvocabularywell.
FromwhatIhavementionedabove,itcouldbeconcludedthatvocabularyisthebasicelementthatcollegestudentsshouldlearn,soitisimportantforbothcollegeteachersandstudentstoknowthesignificanceofteachingandlearningvocabulary.Inthefollowingpart,IwillintroducethesignificanceofteachingandlearningEnglishwordsaswellaspresentsomestrategiesofteachingandlearningEnglishvocabularytobenefitbothteachersandstudents.Inthisway,teachingvocabularyinthecollegecouldbeimprovedandstudentscouldfindaproperwaytolearnvocabularyeffectively.
1.TheDefinitionofaWord
BeforediscussingthesignificanceandsomeapproachesofteachingandlearningcollegeEnglishwords,thefirstthingthatbothcollegeteachersandstudentsneedtoknowisthedefinitionofaword.
Thedefinitionofawordhasattractedmorelinguists’attentionforcenturies.Belowarethreedifferentkindsofdefinitionofwhatawordis.OneisgivenbyfamouslinguistBloomfield.Bloomfieldmakesadifferencebetweentwotypesoflinguisticforms:
freeformsandboundforms.2Usually,freeformscoulduseonewordtoexpressitsmeaning,butsometimesitcouldexplainafullsentencebyusingoneword,whileboundwordscannot.Forinstance,theword“bravely”containsthefreeform‘brave”andboundform“-ly”.Theformer‘brave”couldbeanindependentunitoracompletesentence.(e.g.Whatkindofpersonheis?
-Brave.)Inthissentenceonlyfreeform“brave”couldexpressthemeaningofthewholesentence.However,thesuffixorboundform“-ly”couldexpressnothing.Therefore,accordingtoBloomfield,awordisaminimalfreeform.3
TheseconddefinitionisgivenbyAristole,whodefinedawordasthesmallestsignificantunitofspeech-adefinitionwhichheldswayuntilrecently.4Itusesamodernmethodtoanalyzethatanewtermneedstoimplythesmallestsignificantelementofspeech.Inmodernlinguistictheory,itisknownasamorpheme.Aristoledefinedawordisamorpheme.
ThelastoneisdefinedbyLexicology.Fromthelexicologypointofviewawordisacombinationofform(phonological)andmeaning(lexicalandgrammar).5Moreover,awordplaysanimportantpartinsentence.6
Fromaboveall,weseethatgivingacorrectandaccuratedefinitiontoawordisdifficult,butusuallymostEnglishlearnersthinkthedefinitiongivenbyBloomfieldandLexicologyismoresuitable.
2.TheSignificanceofTeachingandLearningCollegeEnglishVocabulary
2.1TheImportanceofTeachingVocabulary
OneofmostfamouslinguistsD.AWilkinsoncesaidthat“withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.”7Fromthisfamoussaying,EnglishlearnersclearlyseethatvocabularyplaysanimportantrolewhenlearningcollegeEnglishvocabulary.Phonetics,grammarandvocabularyarethreebasicelementsofformingalanguage,butamongthem,vocabularyisthemostbasicbuildingmaterialofthelanguage,withoutvocabularythereisnolanguage.
In1990s,collegeEnglishteachingemphasizedmuchintheprocessofteachinggrammar,butnowitcentersoncultivatingthestudents’communicativecompetency.Themostvaluablethinginthisprocessisthatstudentsneedtomasternumerousvocabulary,forwithoutvocabularythecommunicationisdifficulttogoahead.Fromthispointofview,itcouldbeinferredthatteachingEnglishvocabularyisthemostimportantsegmentinthecollege.Bothteachersandstudentscanbenefitfromtheprocessofteachingwords.Itcouldhelpteachersdevelopstudents’intelligenceandcultivatethestudents’competencyofsolvingsomeproblems.Inaddition,whenteachingvocabulary,teachersneedtobepatientontheusageofvocabularyandgrammaticalformofvocabulary.
Beforeteachingvocabularytotheirstudents,teachershavetoconsiderthequestion:
“Howtoteachstudentstomasterlargevocabularyeffectively?
”Thus,teachingvocabularyistobecomeanimportantpartintheprocessofteachingEnglish.Teachingvocabularyeffectivelycouldhelpstudentsmastermorewords,communicatewithpeoplemoreconfidentlyaswellaspassexaminationeasier.
2.2TheImportanceofLearningVocabulary
Vocabularyisthebasicfactorofformingalanguage,justaswithoutbuildingmaterials,itisimpossibletobuildahugemansion.Itisquitesimilartotheformersentence,anditisimpossibletobuildthe“mansion”ofvocabularyandimprovetheleveloflearningforeignlanguagewithoutvocabulary.Therefore,itisessentialforEnglishlearnerstomasternumerouswordsandknowthesignificanceoflearningvocabulary,especiallyforcollegestudents.
Thedevelopmentofalllanguageskillsaretiedtovocabularyclosely.Theabilityofreadingisrelatedtothereadingspeedandcorrectunderstanding,forstudentscannotimprovethereadingspeedanditscorrectnesswithoutrichvocabulary.Ifyouhavenorichwords,italsowillinfluenceyourlisteningability,becauseyoucannothearorunderstandthecontentwell.Inthewritingpart,vocabularyalsoaffectstheabilityofwriting.Whenwritingacomposition,studentsneedtohaveagoodcommandofaword.
FromwhatIhavementionedabove,itcouldbeconcludedthatlearningmorevocabularyisveryimportantforcollegestudentstolearnwords.Itaffectstheabilityofreading,listeningandwriting.Learningvocabularywellcouldalsohelpstudentsimprovetheirownskillsofreading,listeningandwriting,andachievesome“fruits”fromlearningmorewords.However,studentsneedtofindaproperwaytolearnwordseffectively.
3.ExistingProblemsintheVocabularyLearning
3.1ProblemsinLearningVocabulary
Nowadays,moreandmorestudentsarefondoflearningEnglish,learningEnglishispopularinChina,butherearesomeproblemsintheprocessoflearningEnglishlanguage,especiallyinvocabularylearning.Theyare:
a.Neglectedvocabularyinthecertaincontextandseparatedvocabularyfromthecertaincontext.
b.Emphasizedmuchonspelling,butignoreditspronunciation.
c.Learnedmemorizedandconsolidatedwordsmechanicallyandcouldnotfindaproperwaytoenlargetheirvocabulary.
d.Influencedbythemothertongue.
e.Neglectedaccumulationandrevisionwordsregularly.
Duetosuchproblemsinvocabularylearning,findingsomeproperwaystosolveallproblemsisurgent.Inthefollowingpart,Iwillintroducesomestrategiestosolveproblems.
3.2StrategiesforSolvingTheseProblems
Accordingtosomeproblemsillustratedinlastpart,Iwouldliketopresentsomestrategiestosolvetheseproblems.
a.Teachingandlearningwordsinthecertaincontextwillhelpyouimprovethevocabulary.
b.Pronouncingvocabularyintheaccurateway.
c.Learning,memorizingandconsolidatingnewwordsregularly.
d.Tryingtheirbesttoforgetthemothertongue.