中考英语重难点专练十一 阅读理解之议论文.docx
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中考英语重难点专练十一阅读理解之议论文
重难点11阅读理解之议论文
【命题趋势】
中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。
要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意,获取其中的主要信息,能做出正确判断,然后根据试题的要求从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。
文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同,要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。
【满分技巧】
1.主旨题
解题技巧为:
找主题句。
应先通读全文,理解大意,充分理解主题句的意义。
主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。
2.细节题
解题技巧为:
快速捕捉信息,尤其是一些事例、数字等,划出相关句子,进行对照。
3.推断题
解题技巧为:
寻找线索,悟出字里行间的意思。
4.猜测词义题
解题技巧为:
通过阅读上下文,断定该词的真正含义。
【热点话题】
议论文热衷话题有:
旅游、环保、故事、广告类等。
【限时检测】(建议用时:
30分钟)
A
【2019•浙江省宁波市】
话题:
科普类
难度:
★
建议用时:
6分
Manypeoplemightthinkthatiftheyhadmoremoney,thentheywouldhehappierinlife.Forexample,peoplemightlookatwhatothershave,likeexpensiveclothesornicecars,andwishtheycouldhavethesame.Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong.
___①____Butisthatreallytrue?
Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.__②____Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothersthatmakespeoplehappy.__③___Itcouldbebuyingapresentforafriendorafamilymember.___④___Itcouldhebuyingahomelesspersonfoodtoeat.Itcouldhegivingmoneytoapersoninneed.Justthinkaboutthelasttimeyouusedyourownmoneytodosomethingforsomeoneelse.Howdidyoufeel?
Whetheritisasmallorlargeamountofmoney.Peoplefeelhappierwhentheygive.Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too.
ThisideaofconnectingyourhappinesstothehappinessofothersisdescribedasaubuntuinanAfricanlanguage.ThereisevenastoryaboutamanvisitingAfricawhoaskedsomekidstoracetoanearbytree.‘Thefirstchildtotouchthetreewouldgetasweettreat.Surprising,allthechildrenheldhandsandrantogether.Theyalltouchedthetreeatthesametime.Themanaskedwhytheyhaddonethis.‘Thechildrensimplysaidtheycouldonlyenjoyeatingthetreatifeveryonehadone.
1.Thewritersaysthatbuyingthings_________.
A.canmakepeopleworriedB.canmakepeoplenervous
C.mayleadtosadnessforlongD.mayleadtohappinessforashorttime
2.Wherecanwebestput"Butitsnothavingmoneythatbringshappiness."nParagraph2?
A.①B.②C.③D.④
3.Whydoesthewriterquote(引用)astoryinParagraph3?
A.ToexplainAfricanslikesweets.B.Toshowexamplesarenotenough-
C.Tomakethewriter’sopinionclearer.D.Toexpresshappinessisfromchildren.
4.Whatdoesthewritertrytotellus?
A.Buyingnewthingscanmakepeoplehappy.
B.Thekeytohappinessismakingothershappy.
C.Ifyouwanttobehappy,youcanvisitAfrica.
D.Peoplewhohavealotofmoneymightnotbehappy.
【文章大意】很多人都觉得如果他们有更多的钱,他们就会更快乐。
是的,钱的确能使我们更快乐,但不是有钱能让我们快乐,而是给予别人钱能让我们快乐。
人们在奉献的时候会更快乐,这是因为让别人快乐,同时也会使自己快乐。
1.D【解析】细节理解题。
根据短文第一段最后一句话Butthethingsthatmoneycanbuycannotbringhappinesstoapersonforlong可知,用钱买东西不能长时间给我们带来快乐。
由此可知应选D。
2.B【解析】推理判断题。
题干中这句话Butitsnothavingmoneythatbringshappiness.意为:
但是不是拥有钱带来快乐。
根据上下文的逻辑关系可知,Studieshavefoundthatmoneycan,infact,makepeoplehappier.提到:
事实上,钱使人们更开心;后面又提到Instead,it’sgivingmoneytoothersthatmakespeoplehappy是给别人钱使人们开心。
故这句话应放在②处,能使上下文意衔接,故选B。
3.C【解析】推理判断题。
这篇短文是议论文,讲述了真正让人们快乐的不是有钱,而是用钱来使别人快乐。
第二段的最后提到Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too."让别人快乐也会让给予者快乐"。
为了使读者更好地理解这一点,作者讲了下面的故事。
因此C选项"使作者的观点更清楚"是正确的。
4.B【解析】主旨大意题。
这是一篇议论文,作者先讲述了用钱买东西并不能长久地使人们快乐,然后引出作者的观点Thisisbecausemakingsomeoneelsehappymakesthegiverhappy,too."使别人快乐也会让给予者快乐"。
故B选项"快乐的关键是使别人快乐",符合文章大意和主旨,故应选B。
B
【2019•江苏省苏州市】
话题:
运动类
难度:
★★
建议用时:
6分
Athleticsvs.Gardening
ThestudentsofSouthsideSchoolwereaskedtogivetheiropinionsaboutwhethertheschoolshouldrunanathleticprogramorstartavegetablegarden.
Anathleticprogramishatchbetterthangardening.HowareweevergoingtowinanythingattheInter-SchoolAthleticswithoutpropertraining?
Atthemoment,weonlydoathleticsforonetamandtheteacherstrainus.Weneedexperts(专家)toteachusthingslikethrowingandhighjump.
Iknowlotsofkidssaythey’retotinterestedincompetitions,butthat’sbecausethey’veneverwonanything.Iftheygotbettertrainingandstartedwinningthings,they’dsoonchangetheirminds.
Peoplealwayssaykidsdon’tgetenoughexercise.Justbecauseyoudogardeningoutdoorsdoesn’tmakeitexercise,soIdon’tsechowitmatters.
Athleticsismuchbetterforfitnessandlotsofkidscanhaveagoatthesametine.Idon’tthinktherewouldbeenoughjobsforeveryoneinagarden.
Infact,Ithinkagardenisareallybadidea.Idon’tknowwhywe’reevenconsideringit.
Liz,Grade8
Ithinkavegetablegardenisagreatidea.Wealreadydohoursofsport,includingathletics.Andnoteveryonelikessport.
Gardeningisagreatwaytogetexercisewithoutworryingaboutwhetheryou’reanygoodatit,orwhetheryou’regoingtowin.Andyoureallydogelexercisewhenyougarden.There’sdigging,weedingandwateringEvenpickingthingscanbehardwork–pumpkinsaren’tlightyouknow!
Therearelotsofkidsaroundherewhodon’thavegardenssotheycan’tgrowthingseventheywantto.Ifyoureallywanttodomoresport,youcanjoinaclub.
Andthinkaboutit:
Whathelpsyoutobegoodatsport?
Youneedtoeatlotsoffruitandvegetables.Ifwelearntocookallthethingswegrow,thegardenwillkeepusallfitandhealthyandthenwe’llbebetteratsport.
Sam,Grade8
1.WhichofthesepointsdoLizandSambothmake?
A.Kidsshouldtakeexercise.B.Kidsshouldeatvegetables.
C.Kidsshouldtrytowinmore.D.Kidsshouldbeoutsidemore.
2.WhatisonereasonLizgivesforsaying"agardenisareallybadidea"?
A.Somestudentsdon’tlikegettingdirty.
B.Somestudentsdon’tenjoybeingoutside.
C.Somestudentsalreadyknowhowtogarden.
D.Somestudentsmayhavenochancetogarden.
3.WhydoesSamsay,"Andthinkaboutit.:
whathelpsyoutobegoodatsport?
"
A.Tochangethesubject.B.Tointroducehisnextreason.
C.TosupportLiz’sidea.D.Tofindananswertothequestion.
【文章大意】本文以Liz和Sam为例,介绍了南城学校进行的应该开展体育项目还是开设菜园所展开的讨论,代表了两种对立的观点:
Liz支持体育运动,Sam支持园艺;但是他们都认为应该让孩子们多锻炼身体。
1.A【解析】题意:
这些观点中哪一个是莉兹和山姆都提出的?
考查细节理解。
根据(Liz)Athleticsismuchbetterforfitness和(Sam)Gardeningisagreatwaytogetexercise可知他们俩都认为应该锻炼身体,故选A。
2.D【解析】题意:
莉兹说"agardenisareallybadidea"的原因是什么?
考查细节判断。
根据Idon’tthinktherewouldbeenoughjobsforeveryoneinagarden.Infact,Ithinkagardenisareallybadidea.可知花园里不会有足够的工作给每个人,Somestudentsmayhavenochancetogarden.(有些学生可能没有机会种植花卉)符合句意,故选D。
3.B【解析】题意:
为什么萨姆说"Andthinkaboutit.:
whathelpsyoutobegoodatsport?
"考查细节判断。
A.换个话题。
B.介绍他的下一个原因。
C.支持利兹的想法。
D.为了找到问题的答案。
根据下文Ifwelearntocookallthethingswegrow,thegardenwillkeepusallfitandhealthyandthenwe’llbebetteratsport.可知这是山姆
支持园艺的另一个理由,故选B。
C
【2019•湖北省孝感市】
话题:
健康类
难度:
★★★
建议用时:
6分
Lastnight,aschoolnight,my11-year-oldson’sbaseballteamplayedagamethatlasteduntil9:
30.Bythetimewegothomeandhehadaquickdinnerandshower,itwas10:
30-anhourandahalflaterthanachildwhogetsupat6:
30shouldbegoingtobed.Welovebaseball.Mysonishavingfun,gettingexercise,andlearningpatience,teamworkandsportsspirit.Butthetruthisthatthegamealsoinfluenceshissleep.
Asparents,wewantgoodthingsforourchildren.Wewantthemtobehealthybothinbodyandinmind.Tothisend,welookforwaystohelpourkidsgrowanddevelop.Wehelpthemwiththeirhomework.Wesignthemupfordance,soccerandbaseball.Weencourageourkidstotakehonorscourses(培优课程)ortohaveafter-schooljobs.Andwepraisethemforhard-earnedsuccessandachievements.
However,theironyisthatalloftheseactivitiesandresponsibilitiesthatwearegivingourchildrentomaketheirlivescolorfulcouldbebadlyinfluencingtheirhealthandtakinghappinessaway.Activities,responsibilities,andgoalsaregood.Butifwewantourkidstorealizetheirfullphysical,learningandsocialability,sleepisimportant.Wehavetostarttakingsleepseriously.
Parentsmakebedtimeroutinesandcarryout(执行)strictrulesaboutnighttime.Butinfact,thesemeasures(措施)aren’tenoughbecausegettingourkids,enoughsleepisn’tjustaboutcarryingoutstricterbedtime.Itactuallyrequiresmorethanthat.Inordertoensureourkidsgetthesleeptheyneed,boutparentsandschoolsshouldmakeaneffort.
1.Fromthepassageweknowthewriter’sson________.
A.isn’tgoodatsportsB.wastestimeeverynight
C.can’tgetenoughsleepD.alwayshangsoutwithfriends
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"irony"meaninChinese?
A.光荣B.骄傲C.讽刺D.公正
3.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftakinghonorscoursesatlast?
A.Boring.B.Unnecessary.C.Interesting.D.Enjoyable.
4.Howcanwemakesurekidsgetenoughsleepaccordingtothewrite?
A.Bymakingthechildren’slivescolorful.
B.Byrefusingalltheafter-schoolactivities.
C.Bycarryingoutstrictrulesaboutbedtime.
D.Bymakinganeffortfromparentsandschools.
5.Whatwouldthewriterprobablytalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?
A.Adviceonhowtosleepwell.B.Waysofchangingkids’education.
C.Theimportanceofsleepingwell.D.Measuresparentsandschoolsshouldtake.
【文章大意】短文关注的是学生睡眠不足的问题,指出鼓励孩子参加培优课程或参加课外活动会严重影响孩子的睡眠健康,呼吁父母和学校应该做出努力确保孩子们得到他们需要的睡眠。
1.C【解析】题意:
从文章中我们知道作者的儿子睡眠不足。
考查细节理解。
根据itwas10:
30-anhourandahalflaterthanachildwhogetsupat6:
30shouldbegoingtobed.和Butthetruthisthatthegamealsoinfluenceshissleep.可知作者的儿子睡眠不足,Hecan’tgetenoughsleep.符合句意,故选C。
2.C【解析】题意:
带下划线的单词"irony"在汉语中是什么意思?
考查词义理解。
根据下文alloftheseactivitiesandresponsibilitiesthatwearegivingourchildrentomaketheirlivescolorfulcouldbebadlyinfluencingtheirhealthandtakinghappinessaway.可知我们的善意可能会带来坏的结果,这是很讽刺的,故选C。
3.B【解析】题意:
最后,作者对参加培优课程有什么看法?
考查观点态度题。
A.无聊的;B.不必要的;C.有趣的;D.愉快的