届一轮复习话题语篇专攻练 外研版必修4 Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World 作业.docx
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届一轮复习话题语篇专攻练外研版必修4Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorld作业
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话题语篇专攻练二十四
必修4 Module6
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Sinceatleast2010,famousphysicistStephenHawkinghasspokenpubliclyabouthisfearsthatanadvancedaliencivilizationwouldhavenoproblemdestroyingthehumanracethewayahumanmightwipeoutanants’nest.
Scientistscurrentlyhavenoideawhatalienlife-formsmightlooklike,orhowtheymightrespondtocontactfromhumancivilization.
“Suchadvancedalienswouldperhapsconquernewplanetformaterialtobuildmorespaceshipssotheycouldmoveon.”Hawkingsaidin2010.“Wedon’tknowmuchaboutaliens,butweknowabouthumans.Ifyoulookathistory,contactsbetweencivilizationshavegonebadlyforthelessadvanced.Aliensthatcanreceiveourmessagescouldbebillionsofyearsaheadofus.Ifso,theywillbemorepowerful,andmaynotseeusasanymorevaluablethanweseebacteria.”
AnnDruyan,CEOofCosmosStudios,seemedmuchmorehopefulaboutthenatureofanadvancedaliencivilizationandthefutureofhumanity.
“Wemaygettoaperiodinourfuturewherewebecomelessviolent,”Druyansaidatthemediaevent.“Myhopeisthataliencivilizationsarenotonlymoretechnologicallydevelopedthanwearebutmoreawareofthevalueandpreciousnessoflifeintheuniverse.”
JillTarter,formerdirectoroftheCenterforSETIalsohasexpresseddifferentopinionsfromHawking’s.
“Irespectfullydisagree,”Tartersaid,“Ifaliensweretocomehere,itwouldbesimplytoexplore.Consideringtheageoftheuniverse,weprobablywouldn’tbethefirstcivilizationtheyvisited,either.”
“IfalienswereabletovisitEarth,thatwouldmeantheywouldhavetechnologicalabilitiesadvancedenoughnottoneedslaves,foodorotherplanets,”sheadded.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,关于著名物理学家霍金生前表达对人类与外星人沟通的担忧。
1.AccordingtoStephenHawking,whywouldanaliencivilizationdestroythehumanrace?
A.Toprotectants’nests.
B.Todestroyharmfulbacteria.
C.Tocontactothercivilizations.
D.Tomakesuretheirspacetravel.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
文章提到霍金预测alienswouldperhapsconquernewplanetformaterialtobuildmorespaceships,外星人需要征服别的星球来保证星际航行所需的资源及能源,故选D。
2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesStephenHawking’sattitudetowardshumanbeings’contactingaliens?
A.Ambitious. B.Cautious.
C.Enthusiastic.D.Shocked.
【解析】选B。
观点态度题。
霍金根据人类文明发展史得出结论,高度发达的外星人可能会摧毁人类文明,因此他对于和外星人的接触持谨慎态度。
3.WhatdidAnnDruyanexpectofthefuture?
A.Alienswouldbecomemoreviolent.
B.Alienswouldturnhumanbeingsintoslaves.
C.Humanbeingswouldbesafewhenalienscome.
D.Humanbeingswouldbemoreadvancedthanaliens.
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
AnnDruyan说道,Myhopeisthat...arebutmoreawareofthevalueandpreciousnessoflifeintheuniverse,她希望人类会越来越爱好和平,而外星人会珍惜宇宙中的生命,人类会和外星人相安无事。
4.WhatwasJillTarter’sopinionaboutaliens?
A.Ifaliensweretocome,theywouldbeold-aged.
B.Ifaliensvisitedus,theywouldconquerourplanet.
C.Whenalienscome,theybringslaves,foodforhumanbeings.
D.Beforealiensvisitedus,theymayhavemetothercivilizations.
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
JillTarter认为weprobablywouldn’tbethefirstcivilizationtheyvisited,外星人在漫长的宇宙探索中,地球可能不是第一个他们造访的带有生命的星球。
B
Theoddnessoflifeinspaceneverquitegoesaway.Herearesomeexamples.
Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.Themainquestioniswhetheryouwantyourarmsinsideoroutsidethesleepingbag.Ifyouleaveyourarmsout,theyfloatfreeinzerogravity,oftengivingasleepingastronautthelookofafunnyballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I’maninsideguy,”MikeHopkinssays,whoreturnedfromasix-monthtourontheInternationalSpaceStation.“Iliketobewrappedup.”
Onthestation,theordinarybecomesstrange.TheexercisebikeforAmericanastronautshasnohandlebars.Italsohasnoseat.Withnogravity,it’sjustaseasytopedalviolently.Youcanwatchamoviewhileyoupedalbyfloatingamicrocomputeranywhereyouwant.Butstationresidentshavetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong.Withoutgravitytohelpcirculateair,thecarbondioxideyouexhale(呼气)hasatendencytoformaninvisible(隐形的)cloudaroundyourhead.Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbon-dioxideheadache.
LeroyChiao,54,anAmericanretiredastronautafterfourflights,describeswhathappensevenbeforeyoufloatoutofyourseat,“Yourinnerearthinksyou’refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou’restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that’swhysomepeoplefeelsick.”Withinacoupledays—trulyterribledaysforsome—astronauts’brainslearntoignorethepanickysignalsfromtheinnerear,andspacesicknessdisappears.
Spacetravelcanbesodelightfulbutatthesametimeinvisiblydangerous.Forinstance,astronautslosebonemass.That’swhyexerciseisconsideredsovitalthatNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)putsitrightontheworkdayschedule.Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.NASAisworriedabouttwothings:
recoverytimeonceastronautsreturnhome,and,moreimportantly,howtomaintainstrengthandfitnessforthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearound-triptoMars.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
本文通过举例说明了太空生活的奇妙:
在太空睡觉时,对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势;宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛;宇航员的大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。
最后告诉我们美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心是宇航员回家后的修养期和如何在太空长久地保持健康。
5.Whatisthemajorchallengetoastronautswhentheysleepinspace?
A.Decidingonapropersleepposition.
B.Findingarighttimetogotosleep.
C.Seekingawaytofallasleepquickly.
D.Choosingacomfortablesleepingbag.
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
根据第二段第一、二句“Firstconsidersomethingassimpleassleep.Itspositionpresentsitsownchallenges.”可知在太空睡觉时,对宇航员来说主要的挑战在于恰当的睡眠姿势。
故选A。
6.Astronautswillsufferfromacarbon-dioxideheadachewhen______.
A.theycirclearoundontheirbikes
B.theywatchamoviewhilepedaling
C.theyusemicrocomputerswithoutastop
D.theyexerciseinoneplaceforalongtime
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第三段中的Butstationresidentshavetobecarefulaboutstayinginoneplacetoolong...Youcanendupwithwhatastronautscallacarbon-dioxideheadache.可知宇航员在一个地方运动久了会出现碳毒性头痛。
故选D。
7.Someastronautsfeelsickonthestationduringthefirstfewdaysbecause______.
A.theirsensesstopworking
B.theyhavetostandupstraight
C.theyfloatoutoftheirseatsunexpectedly
D.theirbrainsreceivecontradictorymessages
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据第四段中的Yourinnerearthinksyou’refalling.Meanwhileyoureyesaretellingyouyou’restandingstraight.Thatcanbeannoying—that’swhysomepeoplefeelsick.可知宇航员在大脑接收到矛盾的信息时会感到恶心。
故选D。
8.OneofNASA’smajorconcernsaboutastronautsis______.
A.howmuchexercisetheydoonthestation
B.whethertheyareabletogobacktothestation
C.whethertheycanrecoverafterreturninghome
D.howtheycanremainhealthyforlonginspace
【解析】选D。
细节理解题。
根据最后一段倒数第一、二句Thefocusonfitnessisasmuchaboutscienceandthefutureasitisaboutkeepinganyindividualastronauthealthy.NASAisworriedabouttwothings:
...and,moreimportantly,howtomaintainstrengthandfitnessforthetwoandahalfyearsormorethatitwouldtaketomakearound-triptoMars.可知美国国家宇航局对宇航员主要的担心之一是如何在太空长久地保持健康。
故选D。
【知识拓展】词汇积累
1.oddness n.奇特,古怪,不同寻常的特点
2.astronautn.宇航员
3.wrapup包裹起来
4.circulatev.循环,流通
5.panickyadj.惊慌的,惊恐的
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ofallprimates,humanshavethe1.__________(heavy)brain,averaging1,250g.Secondcomesthegorillawithabrain2.__________(weigh)ofapproximately500g.3.__________,brainsizealoneisnot4.__________(rely)standardoftheanimal’smentalabilities.Iftherelationshipbetweenbrainandbodyweightisconsidered,thegorillacomeslastinacomparisonwiththeotherapesandhumans.
5.__________(compare)tochimpanzees,gorillasarecalmandpatient.Theyarelesscuriousthanchimpanzees.Thesetwoapespecieshave6.__________(complete)differentcharacters,andthatiswhyitisnoteasytocomparetheirintelligence.
Whethergorillasknowtheirownidentity7.__________(be)stillunknown.Scientificexperimentshavebeenconductedwhereamirrorwaspresentedtotheanimalsandtheirreactionwasobserved.Insomeexperimentsthegorillaswerereportedto8.__________(recognise)themselves,inotherstheydidn’t.Scientistsstudythementalabilitiesofanimals9.__________observingtheirnaturalbehaviours.Everyapespecieshasitsownspecificintelligence,10.__________helpsthemtoadapttotheenvironment.
【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了大猩猩的自我认知能力。
1.【解析】heaviest。
考查heavy的最高级形式。
由背景常识可知,人类大脑重量最重。
2.【解析】weight。
考查词性转换。
动词转换为名词。
由句意以及后面的of可知用名词形式。
3.【解析】However。
考查逻辑。
然而,大脑的尺寸并非是心智能力的可靠的标准。
4.【解析】reliable。
考查词性转换。
动词转换为形容词,意为“可靠的”。
后面有名词standard,可推知前面用形容词。
5.【解析】Compared。
考查非谓语动词作状语。
becomparedto,被拿来与……比较。
6.【解析】completely。
考查词性转换。
后面有形容词,可知应用副词修饰。
7.【解析】is。
考查主谓一致。
全句的主语为主语从句,主句谓语动词应该为单数。
8.【解析】haverecognised。
考查固定搭配。
bereportedtohavedone,对过去实验结果的报道,据报道,大猩猩有时具备自我认知的能力。
9.【解析】by。
考查介词。
方式状语用介词by引导,通过观察动物的行为来研究动物的智力。
10.【解析】which。
考查非限制性定语从句。
which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是specificintelligence。
Ⅲ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。
每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:
在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:
把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:
在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Isittrulythatonemustberichifheownsalotmoney?
Idon’tthinkso.Inmyopinion,“richness”dependontheloveyoucangetinyourlife