山大英语考博真题.docx
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山大英语考博真题
完形填空
ArecentpollindicatedthathalftheteenagersintheUnitedStatesbelievethatcommunicationbetweenthemandtheirparentsis__1__andfurtherthatoneoftheprimecausesofthisgapis__2__listeningbehavior.Asa(an)__3__inpoint,oneparentbelievedthatherdaughterhadasevere__4__problem.Shewasso__5__thatshetookhertoanaudiologisttohavehereartested.Theaudiologistcarefullytestedbothearsandreportedbacktotheparent:
“There‘snothingwrongwithherhearing.She’sjust__6__youout.”
Aleadingcauseofthe__7__divorcerate(morethanhalfofallmarriagesendindivorce)isthefailureofhusbandsandwivesto__8__effectively.Theydon‘tlistentoeachother.Neitherperson__9__totheactualmessagesentbytheother.
In__10__fashion,politicalscientistsreportthatagrowingnumberofpeoplebelievethattheirelectedand__11__officialsareoutof__12__withtheconstituentstheyaresupposedly__13__.Why?
Becausetheydon‘tbelievethattheylistentothem.Infact,itseemsthatsometimesourpoliticiansdon’tevenlistentothemselves.Thefollowingisatruestory:
Ata
national__14__conferenceheldinAlbuquerquesomeyearsago,thenSenatorJosephMontoya
was__15__acopyofapressreleasebyapressaideshortlybeforehegotupbeforetheaudienceto__16__aspeech.Whenherosetospeak,__17__thehorrorofthepressaideandthe__18__ofhisaudience,Montoyabeganreadingthepressrelease,nothisspeech.Hebegan,“Forimmediaterelease.SenatorJosephM.Montoya,DemocratofNewMexico,lastnighttoldtheNational„„”Montoyareadtheentiresix-pagerelease,__19__withthestatementthathe“wasrepeatedly__20__byapplause.”
1.[A]scarce[B]little[C]rare[D]poor
2.[A]malignant[B]deficient[C]ineffective[D]feeble
3.[A]case[B]example[C]lesson[D]suggestion
4.[A]audio[B]aural[C]hearing[D]listening
5.[A]believing[B]convinced[C]assured[D]doubtless
6.[A]turning[B]tuning[C]tucking[D]tugging
7.[A]rising[B]arising[C]raising[D]arousing
8.[A]exchange[B]interchange[C]encounter[D]interact
9.[A]relates[B]refers[C]responds[D]resorts
10.[A]like[B]alike[C]likely[D]likewise
11.[A]nominated[B]selected[C]appointed[D]supported
12.[A]connection[B]reach[C]association[D]touch
13.[A]leading[B]representing[C]delegating[D]supporting
14.[A]legislative[B]legitimate[C]legalized[D]liberal
15.[A]distributed[B]awarded[C]handed[D]submitted
16.[A]present[B]publish[C]deliver[D]pursue
17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on
18.[A]joy[B]enjoyment[C]amusement[D]delight
19.[A]conclude[B]toconclude[C]concluding[D]concluded
20.[A]disrupted[B]interfered[C]interrupted[D]stopped
阅读理解
第一篇
I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinction(区别)andonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.
Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.
Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.
1Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”inthewritingprocess,hemeans
A.onecannotusethematthesametimeB.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant
C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachotherD.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical2Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis
A.puttingtheirideasinrawformB.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness
C.attemptingtoeditastheywriteD.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts3Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?
A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.B.Togetone’sideasdown.
C.Tochooseanappropriatetopic.D.Tocollectrawmaterials.
4Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat
A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemindB.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly
C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticismD.ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards5Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?
A.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.
C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.D.Itimproveshiswritingintobettershape.
第二篇2002年1月六级
"Theworld'senvironmentissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss."Ifthatwereanexaminationtopic,moststudentswouldtearitapart,offeringalonglistofcomplaints:
fromlocalsmog(烟雾)toglobalclimatechange,fromthefelling(砍伐)offoreststotheextinctionofspecies.Thelistwouldlargelybeaccurate,theconcernlegitimate.Yetthestudentswhoshouldbegiventhehighestmarkswouldactuallybethosewhoagreedwiththestatement.Thesurpriseishowgoodthingsare,nothowbad.
Afterall,theworld'spopulationhasmorethantripledduringthiscentury,andworldoutputhasrisenhugely,soyouwouldexpecttheearthitselftohavebeenaffected.Indeed,ifpeoplelived,consumedandproducedthingsinthesamewayastheydidin1900(or1950,orindeed1980),theworldbynowwouldbeaprettydisgustingplace:
smelly,dirty,toxicanddangerous.Buttheydon't.Thereasonswhytheydon't,andwhytheenvironmenthasnotbeenmined,havetodowithprices,technologicalinnovation,socialchangeandgovernmentregulationinre-sponsetopopularpressure.Thatiswhy,today'senvironmentalproblemsinthepoorcountriesought,inprinciple,tobesolvable.
Rawmaterialshavenotrunout,andshownosignofdoingso.Logically,onedaytheymust:
theplanetisafiniteplace.Yetitisalsoverybig,andmanisveryingenious.Whathashappenedisthateverytimeamaterialseemstoberunningshort,thepricehasrisenand,inresponse,peoplehavelookedfornewsourcesofsupply,triedtofindwaystouselessofthematerial,orlookedforanewsubstitute.Forthisreasonpricesforenergyandformineralshavefalleninrealtemp3sduringthecentury.Thesameistrueforfood.Pricesfluctuate,inresponsetoharvests,naturaldisastersandpoliticalinstability;andwhentheyrise,ittakessometimebeforenewsourcesofsupplybecomeavailable.Buttheyalwaysdo,assistedbynewfamp3ingandcroptechnology.Thelongtemp3trendhasbeendownwards.
Itiswherepricesandmarketsdonotoperateproperlythatthisbenign(良性的)trendbeginstostumble,andthegenuineproblemsarise.Marketscannotalwayskeeptheenvironmenthealthy.Ifnooneownstheresourceconcerned,noonehasaninterestinconservingitorfosteringit:
fishisthebestexampleofthis.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,moststudents________.
A)believetheworld'senvironmentisinanundesirablecondition
B)agreethattheenvironmentoftheworldisnotasbadasitisthoughttobe
C)gethighmarksfortheirgoodknowledgeoftheworld'senvironment
D)appearsomewhatunconcernedaboutthestateoftheworld'senvironment
2.Thehugeincreaseinworldproductionandpopulation________.
A)hasmadetheworldaworseplacetolivein
B)hashadapositiveinfluenceontheenvironment
C)hasnotsignificantlyaffectedtheenvironment
D)hasmadetheworldadangerousplacetolivein
3.Oneofthereasonswhythelong-temp3trendofpriceshasbeendownwardsisthat________.
A)technologicalinnovationcanpromotesocialstability
B)politicalinstabilitywillcauseconsumptiontodrop
C)newfamp3ingandcroptechnologycanleadtooverproduction
D)newsourcesarealwaysbecomingavailable
4.Fishresourcesarediminishingbecause________.
A)nonewsubstitutescanbefoundinlargequantities
B)theyarenotownedbyanyparticularentity
C)impropermethodsoffishinghaveminedthefishinggrounds
D)waterpollutionisextremelyserious
5.Theprimarysolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsis________.
A)toallowmarketforcestooperateproperly
B)tocurbconsumptionofnaturalresources
C)tolimitthegrowthoftheworldpopulation
D)toavoidfluctuationsinprices
第三篇2005年6月六级Low-levelslash-and-burnfarmingdoesn’tharmrainforest.Onthecontrary,ithelpsfarmersandimprovesforestsoils.ThisistheunorthodoxviewofaGermansoilscientistwhohasshownthatburntclearingsintheAmazon,datingbackmorethan1,000years,helpedcreatespatchesofrich,