提案报告写作Report and Technical WritingProposal.docx

提案报告写作Report and Technical WritingProposal.docx

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提案报告写作ReportandTechnicalWritingProposal

ReportandTechnicalWriting--Proposals

I.CheckingtheExercisesof“AnalyticalReports”

1.Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweeninformationalreportsandanalyticalreports?

（Ex.1onp.94）

Informationalreportshelpthemanagementcollectinformationaboutcorporateoperations.Likeinformationalreports,analyticalreportscollectandpresentdata,buttheiremphasisisonanalyzing,drawingconclusionandproposingrecommendation.

2.Whatisthedifferenceinfunctionbetweenarecommendationreportandafeasibilityreport?

Thefunctionofarecommendationreportistopersuadethemanagementtoacceptthedecisionandtakeaction.Unlikerecommendationreport,thefunctionofafeasibilityreportisnottopersuadethemanagementtoacceptthedecision,buttomakeitbelievethatthedecisioniscorrect.

II.Introduction

Aproposalisadocumentwrittentopersuadereaderstoadoptaplanoracourseofaction.Thereadersmaybecolleagueswithinyourorganizationorpotentialcustomersoutsidetheorganization.Aproposalcanbeproducedforinternalorexternaluse.

Aproposalmaybesolicitedorunsolicited.Itissolicitedwhenyouareaskedbyyoursuperiortosubmitit.Itisunsolicitedwhenyoudecideonyourowntosubmittheproposaltothesuperiorwithoutwaitingforanyonetoaskyoutodoso.

Becauseaproposaloffersaplantofillaneed,readerswillevaluateyourplanbasedonhowwellyouanswerthefollowingquestions:

●Whatistheexistingproblemthattheproposaladdresses?

●Whatdoyouproposetodo?

●Whatisthebenefitofwhatyoupropose?

●Howdoyouplantodoit?

●Whendoyouplantodoit?

●Howmuchwillitcost?

Toanswerthesequestionseffectively,makecertainthatyourproposalisorganizedandwrittentoaddresstheneedsofyourentireaudience.Youwilllikelyhavemorethanonereaderbecauseproposalsoftenrequiremorethanonelevelofapproval.Asyouassessyourreaders,takeintoaccounttheirroleintheorganization.

III.Organization（Structure）ofaproposal

Aninternalproposal,ofteninmemoform,issenttoasuperiorwithinyourorganizationwhohastheauthoritytoacceptorrejecttheproposal.Aninternalproposalgenerallyfollowsathree-partorganization:

●Introduction

●Body

●Conclusion

1.Introduction

Theintroductionofyourinternalproposalshouldestablishthataproblemexistsandneedsasolution.Afteryouidentifytheproblem,summarizeyourproposedsolutionandindicateitsbenefitandestimatedtotalcost.

2.Body

Thebodyofyourinternalproposalshouldofferapracticalsolutiontotheproblemandprovidethedetailsnecessarytoinformandpersuadeyourreaders.Youshouldpayattentiontothefollowinginformation:

1）Sufficientbackgroundinformationtodescribetheextentoftheproblem

2）Themethodstobeusedinachievingtheproposedsolution

3）Informationaboutequipment,materials,andstaffrequirements

4）Abreakdownofcosts

5）Ascheduleforcompletingtheproject,possiblybrokendownintoseparatetasks.

3.Conclusion

Theconclusionofyourinternalproposalshouldtieeverythingtogether,restateyourrecommendation,andclosewithaspiritofcooperation.Keepyourconclusionbrief.

IV.CommonProposalsandSamples

1.BusinessProposals

Abusinessproposalisakindofanalyticalreport,writtentopersuadetheaudiencetofollowaplanoracourseofaction.

Readersevaluateyourproposalbasedonwhatyouareproposingtodo,howandwhenyouareplanningtodoit,orhowmuchitwillcost.Thereforeyourproposalmustbepersuasive.Besidesofferingwhatyouproposetodo,youshouldemphasizethebenefityourreadercangetandyourcapabilitytofulfillyourpromise.

Fordetailsoforganizations（introduction,bodyandconclusion）,readpp.107and108ofXian.Forasampleofbusinessproposalpresentedinthememoformat,lookatp.106ofXian.

2.ResearchProposal

Aprojectstartswithplanningbasedonresearchthatleadstothewritingofafeasibilityreport.Afeasibilitystudyrequirespreliminaryresearchwork.Thewriteratthisstagemayormaynothaveclearvisualizationofwhatliesahead.Ifhe/shehas,itisstillahypothesisorpropositionthatawaitsproofandverification.Sohe/shehastodosomeresearch,sometimesinvolvinglaboratorytests.If,ontheotherhand,he/shedoesnotknowmuchaboutwhatitwillturnouttobe,he/shehastodosomeresearch.Inanycase,aresearchproposalisnecessaryforaproject,bigorsmall,toinitiate.

Structureofaresearchproposal

I.Statementoftheproblem

1.Background

2.Scope

3.Possibleresults

II.Possibleresponsestotheproblem

III.Criteriaforevaluatingeachoftheproposedresponses

IV.Budgetforresearch

V.Timeschedule

Notethatinmanyaspectsaresearchproposalcandifferfromaresearch