安徽省黄山市徽州区第一中学高考英语压轴专题《高中英语阅读理解》难题汇编.docx
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安徽省黄山市徽州区第一中学高考英语压轴专题《高中英语阅读理解》难题汇编
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Itstartedduringayogaclass.Shefeltastrangepullonherneck,afeelingcompletelyforeigntoher.Herfriendsuggestedsherushtotheemergencyroom.Itturnedoutthatshewashavingaheartattack.
Shedidn'tsharesimilarsymptomswithsomeonewhowaslikelytohaveaheartattack.Sheexercised,watchedherplateanddidnotsmoke.Butonreviewinghermedicalhistory,Ifoundthathercholesterol(胆固醇)levelwassky-high.Shehadbeenprescribedacholesterol-loweringstatin(他汀)medication,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshehadreadaboutstatinsontheInternet.Shewasthevictimoffakemedicalnews.
Whilemisinformationhasbeentheobjectofgreatattentioninpolitics,medicalmisinformationmightleadtoanincreaseindeaths.Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendtospreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.
Falsemedicalinformationcanalsoleadtopatientsexperiencinggreatersideeffectsthroughthe"noceboeffect(反安慰剂效应)".Sometimespatientsbenefitfromanintervention(干预)simplybecausetheybelievetheywill—that'stheplaceboeffect(安慰剂效应).Thenoceboeffectistheopposite.Patientscanexperienceharmfuleffectsbecausetheyanticipatethem.Thisisverytrueofstatins.Inblindedtrials,patientswhogetstatinsarenomorelikelytoreportfeelingmuscleachesthanpatientswhogetaplacebo.Yet,inclinicalpractice,accordingtoonestudy,almostafifthofpatientstakingstatinsreportsideeffects,leadingmanytodiscontinuethedrugs.
Whatelseisonthefakenewshitlist?
Asalways,vaccines(疫苗).Falseconcernsthatthevaccinemaycausesideeffectshavegreatlyreducedcoveragerates.
Cancerisanotherbigtargetforpushersofmedicalmisinformation—manyofwhomrefusealternativetherapies."Thoughmostpeoplethinkcancertumorsarebad,they'reactuallythewayyourbodyattemptstocontaintheharmfulcells,"onefakenewsstoryreads.Itwarnsthatprescriptionmedicationsleadtotheuncontrolledcellmutations(变异).
SiliconValleyneedstofacethisproblem.Iamnotafree-speechlawyer,butwhenhumanhealthisatrisk,perhapssearchengines,socialmediaplatformsandwebsitesshouldbeheldresponsibleforpromotingorhostingfakeinformation.Meanwhile,journalistsshoulddoabetterjobofspreadingaccurateinformation.
(1)WecanlearnfromParagraph2that________.
A. thewomanpaidlittleattentiontoherdailydiets
B. theunhealthylifestylemightleadtothewoman'sheartattack
C. thesymptomoftheheartattackwasfamiliartothewoman
D. thewomandidn'ttaketheprescriptionduetofakemedicalnews
(2)Accordingtothepassage,theplaceboeffectfunctionsbecausepatients________.
A. neglectnecessarytreatment
B. discontinuetheharmfuldrugs
C. believethebenefitsofanintervention
D. suffermoresideeffects
(3)Whatdoestheauthormeanbyclaimingthat"heisnotafree-speechlawyer"inthelastparagraph?
A. Heisalawyerveryeasytospeakto.
B. Heisgoodatspeakingbecauseofhisjob.
C. Heisavailabletogiveaspeechonthelaw.
D. Heisverycautiouswhenspeakingsomething
(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.
A. remindustotakemedicationasprescribed
B. warnusagainstfakemedicalnewsontheInternet
C. encouragejournaliststoreportmorepositivenewsevents
D. teachushowtodistinguishfakemedicalnewsontheInternet
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,通过举例来论证了网络谣言,尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”...,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshehadreadaboutstainsontheInternet."她从来没有拿过这个处方,因为她在网上看到关于他汀的可怕事情,可知,由于虚假的医疗信息,这名女子没有服用那个处方药。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Sometimespatientsbenefitfromaninterventionsimplybecausetheybelievetheywill—that'stheplaceboeffect.”有时患者从干预中获益仅仅是因为他们相信他们会——这就是安慰剂效应,可知,安慰剂效应的作用是因为患者相信干预的好处。
故选C。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的“Iamnotafree-speechlawyer,butwhenhumanhealthisatrisk,perhapssearchengines,socialmediaplatformsandwebsitesshouldbeheldresponsibleforpromotingorhostingfakeinformation.”我不是一个言论自由的律师,但当人类健康受到威胁时,或许搜索引擎、社交媒体平台和网站应该为推广或提供虚假信息负责,可知,他不赞成随口造谣、传谣的,同时他说话很谨慎。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendtospreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.”就像假新闻一样,医学上的谎言在网络上传播得比真相还远,而且后果非常严重;以及文章中的例子可知,全文的主要目的是通过举例来论证了网络谣言,尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力,来教我们如何辨别网上的假医疗新闻。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Waterisanecessityoflife.Rain,especially,helpsplantsgrowandstaygreen.Buttoomuchrain,especiallyincities,canleadtoflooding.Thatcancausewastewatersystemstooverflowandsendpollutantsintoriversandotherwaterways.Tofighttheproblem,severalcitiesintheUnitedStatesarestartingprogramslikerooftopgardens.
AteamattheUniversityoftheDistrictofColumbiainthenation'scapitalhascreatedagardenonthetopofoneschoolbuilding.Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime.ArchitectDavidBellhasdesignedfive"greenroofs"fortheuniversity.Hesaysheisexcitedabouttheprojectbecause"itmeantdoingsomethingmorethanjustdealingwithstormwatermanagement.Ittookadvantageofaresourceabovethecityandtheseflatroofsthataren'tdoinganythingreallybecamesomethingthatwasabouturbanagriculture."Rainwateriscollectedinlargecontainersandsentthroughasystemthatwaterstherooftopgarden.Theroofisfilledwithgreenlifethatappealstoinsects.
Incities,"youdon'thavethatmanyspacestochoosefromandsorooftopsarejust(unused)space,"saysCaitlinArlotta.Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram.Theprojectispartofaresearchprogramtoseewhichplantsdowellonrooftops.Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces."Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments,"Arlottasaid."Withineachofthosegrowingsystems,wewanttobeabletotellpeoplewhichsortsofthesecropsgrowthebest."
SandyFarberBandierhelpsrunUDC'sMasterGardenerprogram.ItseekstoimprovecitiesandmakethembeautifulbytrainingpeopletobecomeMasterGardeners.Shesaysshe'sbeensurprisedbythegarden'soutput."Mybiggestsurprisewasthatweproduced4,250poundsofproducethefirstyearandwasabletospreadthattopeopleinneed."ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhatandhowfoodcanbegrownonarooftop."Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets,foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle."
(1)Whatdoweknowabouttherooftopgardens?
A. Rooftopgardensareverycommoninaverageneighborhoods.
B. Therearemanysortsofplantstherewhichhelptakeinrainwater.
C. They'replayinganimportantroleinthecity'sfoodsupply.
D. Rooftopgardensarenomorethancontainerstocollectrainwater.
(2)WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?
A. Rooftopscanofferenoughspacetoplantcrops.
B. Manyplantslikestrawberriescangrowwellonrooftops.
C. SomeuniversitystudentsareparticipatingintheUrbanAgricultureprogram.
D. Theplantsinrooftopgardensareattractivetomanyinsects.
(3)HowdoesSandyFarberBandierfeelaboutthefutureofrooftopgardens?
A. Confident.
B. Doubtful.
C. Worried.
D. Ambiguous.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A. RainwaterNecessityforPlantLife
B. GreenRoofs-TheFutureofUrbanAgriculture
C. TheUnitedStates'AgricultureProgram
D. RooftopGardens-FoodParadise
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。
美国由于雨水过多,为了避免浪费,美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。
在大学校舍的顶部建造花园,种植多种植物吸收雨水,利用城市上空的一种资源,成为了城市农业的一部分。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime."可知,花园里有多种植物,可以帮助吸收雨水,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram...Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces.‘Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments’。
”可知,凯特琳·阿洛塔是该校都市农业计划的学生。
"研究人员正在研究包括草莓、西红柿和甘薯在内的植物。
这所大学还有其他绿地。
","我们也有自己的农场实验",由此可推断出有许多大学生正在参与这项城市农业计划。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhat andhow foodcanbegrownonarooftop.‘Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets,foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle.’"SandyFarberBandier喜欢向住在华盛顿特区和首都以外地区的人们展示在屋顶上可以种植什么以及如何种植食物。
她认为"这是食品的未来。
你在这里种植,在商业厨房里准备,通过农贸市场分发。
食品卡车,然后回收利用。
"由此可推断出她对于屋顶花园的未来很自信。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
第一段说美国由于雨水过多,为了避免浪费,美国的几个城市正在启动屋顶花园等项目。
接着下文进行了详细介绍了在大学校舍的顶部建造花园,种植多种植物吸收雨水,利用城市上空的一种资源,成为了城市农业的一部分,有人认为这是未来的食物。
由此可知,本文主要叙述了绿色屋顶城市农业的未来。
综观全文可知,文中greenroofs(绿色屋顶)贯穿全文,第一段最后一句greenroofs(绿色屋顶)是建在城市的农业(UrbanAgriculture),故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
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WritearhymingpoemandenteritintheTFKPoetryContest.Itmustbeapoemthatdoesnotcopyanotherpoet'sworks.
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