高考英语第一轮总复习备考练优选重难点课件选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions.docx
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高考英语第一轮总复习备考练优选重难点课件选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions
选修8 Unit3 Inventorsandinventions
重点单词
1.patentn.专利证书;专利权 2.passiveadj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的
3.seizevt.抓住;捉住;夺4.validadj.有效的;确凿的
5.filen.文件;档案;文件夹 vt.将……归档;提交6.ripeadj.熟的;成熟的
7.jamn.堵塞;阻塞;果酱8.dynamicadj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的;发展变化的
9.tapv.轻打;轻拍;轻敲 n.轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头
10.currentn.(水或气)流;电流 adj.现在的;当前的
11.extentionn.扩大;延伸
12.distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别→distinguishedadj.卓越的;著名的
→distinguishableadj.易分辨的
13.cuben.立方体;立方→cubicadj.立方的
14.abruptadj.突然的;意外的→abruptlyadv.突然地;唐突地
15.convenientadj.方便的;便利的;就近的→convenientlyadv.便利地;方便地→conveniencen.方便;便利
16.cautionn.小心;谨慎→cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的→cautiouslyadv.小心地;谨慎地
17.expectationn.预料;期待;期望→expectv.期待;预期;认为
18.merryadj.愉快的;高兴的→merrilyadv.愉快地;高兴地
19.criterionn.(评判的)标准;尺度→criteria(pl.)
20.freezingadj.冰冻的;严寒的→freezev.冰冻→frozenadj.冻结的
21.innocentadj.清白的;无罪的;天真的→innocencen.天真;清白
22.bearvt.忍受;忍耐;负担→stand,endure(近义词)
23.associatevt.联想;联系 n.同伴;伙伴→associationn.联系;协会
24.practicaladj.实际的;实践的;实用的→practicev.&n.练习;实践→impracticaladj.不明智的;不现实的
25.competencen.能力;胜任;本领→competentadj.能胜任的;有能力的;称职的
26.mercifuladj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的→mercilessadj.残忍的;无情的→mercyn.宽恕;仁慈
重点短语
1.call_up给……打电话 2.now_and_then偶尔;有时
3.beaten_track被踩出来的路;常规;惯例
4.dive_into迅速把手伸入;一心投入
5.in_truth的确;事实上6.hang_on不挂断;紧紧握住;稍等
7.out_of_order次序颠倒;发生故障8.get_through接通(电话);(设法)做完
9.set_about开始;着手→set_out_(to_do)着手做;动身
10.ring_back回复电话→ring_off挂断电话
重点句型
1.before作从属连词,在句中连接时间状语从句
ThenextmorningIgotupearlybeforethesunwashot.(教材P20)
2.“only+状语”置于句首的倒装句
Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.(教材P21)
3.so...that...如此……以至于……
Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(教材P21)
4.“祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句”结构
Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinking...(教材P25)
语法要点
复习过去分词(用作定语、表语和宾语补足语)
Icarriedinmyhandasmallnetusedforcatchingfish.(教材P21)
Heseemedembarrassedbythefailureofhispatent.(教材P24)
Catherinewantsherpaintingsdisplayedinthegallery.(教材P24)
1distinguish vi.&vt.辨别;显示……的差别;使……有所不同
Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.(教材P20)
这回我有机会来表现一下自己,我要发明某种仁慈东西,既可以把蛇抓到又不会伤害到它们。
(1)
(2)
(3)distinguishableadj.易分辨的;能区分的
①Readinggoodbooksenrichesourmindandteachesustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.
阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。
②DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit'simportanttodistinguishtelevision'sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.
著名心理学家丹尼尔·安德森认为区分电视和家庭对儿童的影响是很重要的。
③Distinguished(distinguish)foritsmagnificentchurchtowers,thecityisanattractiontovisitorsfromallovertheworld.
以其宏伟的教堂建筑而闻名遐迩,这座城市吸引了来自世界各地的游客。
2convenient adj.便利的;方便的;就近的
Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.(教材P20)
他们突然就消失在附近的墙洞里了。
(1)
(2)
(3)convenientlyadv.便利地;方便地
①TheInternetmakesitconvenientforustogetintouchwitheachother.
互联网使得我们相互联系便利了。
②I'llcallintwoweekstoarrangeameetingatyourconvenience(convenient).
我会在两周后再打电话,把会议安排在您方便的时候。
【巧学活用】——高考小作文
③如果您方便的话,让我们8:
30在学校门口碰头。
If_it_is_convenient_for_you,_let's_meet_at_8:
30_outside_the_school_gate.
【提示】convenient作表语时,不用人作主语,而要用物或形式主语it,其后常接介词for或to或动词不定式,但后跟不定式时,只能用介词for。
3bear vt.(bore;borne/born)忍受;忍耐;负担;生育
Icannotbearthesmellofburntsausageonthebarbecue.(教材P24)
我忍受不了烤肉架上烤焦的香肠的气味。
(1)
(2)
(3)
①Shaw,ananimallover,saidhecouldn'tbearto_part/parting(part)withhisdog.
肖是一个喜爱动物的人,他说他舍不得与自己的爱犬分离。
②Thewomanstarcouldn'tbearthemediato_expose/exposing(expose)herprivatelifetothepublic.
这位女明星无法忍受媒体将她的私生活公诸于众。
③TheideafortheTVshowwas_born(bear)inhishospitalroom.
这个电视节目的想法诞生于他的病房。
④Youmustbearitinmindthatyourparentshopetodependonyoutobecomeagooddoctor.
你要记住你的父母希望你成为一名好医生。
【提示】borne和born都是bear的过去分词,表示“出生,出自”时用born,并且仅用于被动式;表示“生育”时用borne。
4associate vt.联想;联系
Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone...(教材P26)
虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起……
(1)
(2)
(3)
①Youmustbearitinmindthatyoushouldneverassociatewithbadcompanions.
你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。
②Weareworkinginassociation(associate)withalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.
我们联合一家当地的公司,为无家可归的人筹款。
③Healthisfrequentlythoughtto_be_associated(associate)withabalanceddietandregularexercise.
人们总是把健康的生活与均衡饮食和经常锻炼联系在一起。
1callup 给……打电话;使……回忆起
WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.(教材P20)
我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候,她感到很心烦。
(1)call
与打电话有关的短语:
(2)
①Thesoundofhappylaughtercalledupmemoriesofhischildhood.
这幸福的笑声唤起了他对童年的回忆。
②Itriedtocallyouuplastnight,butnooneansweredthephone.
我昨晚曾打电话给你,但没人接。
③Thegamewascalledoffbecauseofthebadweather.
比赛因天气恶劣被取消。
④TheMinistryofEducationcallson/uponstudentstoexerciseforanhoureveryday.
教育部呼吁学生每天锻炼一个小时。
2setabout 开始;着手做(about是介词,其后常接名词或动名词)
Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.(教材P20)
我着手研究蛇的习性,以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。
setout(todosth)开始(做某事);动身;启程
setoff表示“启程;开始”,多指开始踏上征程,常常和on,for等搭配;还可以表示“使爆发;引发”。
①Paulsetaboutworking/setouttoworkthemomenthegothome.
保罗一到家就开始工作。
②Sheisgoingtosetout/offforFranceatfiveo'clockinthemorning.
她准备早上五点钟出发去法国。
③Theenemy'stanktruckcaughtfireandsetoffachainofexplosions.
敌人的油罐车着火,引起了一连串的爆炸。
3getthrough 接通(电话);(设法)做完;通过;(使)熬过;用完;耗尽
Ican'tgetthrough.(教材P26)
我打不通电话。
【一词多义】写出下列句中getthrough的含义。
①Ittookusonlyafewminutestogetthroughthecustoms.通过
②Icouldn'tgetthroughtoherbecauseherphonewasbusyallday.打通电话
③Imanagedtogetthroughtheprojectandthepainwasworthitintheend.(设法)做完
④Elizafoundwritinghelpedhergetthroughtheroughdays.熬过
⑤Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore.用完
⑥Luckily,hegotthroughtheexamandhiseffortspaidoff.通过
(1)
(2)
⑦It'stimeIgotdowntothinking(think)aboutthatessay.
是时候我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
“祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句”结构
Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.(教材P25)
跟随它,在它的周围探索,不知不觉中,你脑中将会充满值得思考的事情。
【句式点拨】
本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构。
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=If...,+主句
(2)祈使句+or/orelse/otherwise+陈述句=If...not...,+主句
(3)名词词组+and+陈述句
①Workhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.
努力学习,你会通过考试的。
②Workhard,or/otherwiseyouwillfailtheexam.
努力学习,否则你考试会不及格的。
③Onemorehour,andwewill_do(do)thejobbetter.
再给一个小时,我们会把工作做得更好。
【提示】以上结构后面的陈述句多用表示将来意义的时态结构。
Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)
1.DavidHarrisisprofessoroflawandadistinguished(distinguish)scholarattheUniversityofPittsburgh.
2.Bearing(bear)aheavyburden,thesinglemotherhastoworkhardtobringupherchildren.
3.Momdrovecautiously(caution)throughthesnowandthechildrenwonderedwhatshewasgoingtoshowthem.
4.Shearguesthatthesoonerwesetaboutcollecting(collect)information,themoreactivewe'llbe.
5.IbelieveI'mcompetentinthisjob,andhavewonderfulperformancebeyondyourexpectation(expect).
6.Thegroupsyouassociatewithoftendeterminethetypeofpersonyoubecome—healthyorunhealthy.
7.Theexhibitionwasorganizedbytheschoolinassociation(associate)withlocalartists.
8.Wesitforlonghoursinfrontofacomputer,glued(glue)toourchairsorstucktoourphones.
9.I'dliketoplacethingswhereitisconvenient(convenience)togetthem.
10.Whentheiceisheatedabovefreezing(freeze)point,itbeginstochangeintoaliquidstate.
Ⅱ.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)
1.Itisthesuperiorintelligenceandtheuseoflanguagethatdistinguishman
theotheranimals.
2.Themomentshecamebackfromwork,sheset
tocleanthekitchenthoroughly.
3.Manypeopleassociatedarkclouds
depressionandgloom.
4.Thegirl'sfacecalled
theimageofhisdeadwifeinhismind.
5.Youmustbearitinmind
yourparentsurgethatyoushouldn'tplaywithfire.
6.Theearthquakehasdestroyedmosthousesinthevillage.Howaretheygoingtoget
thewinter?
7.Alexandertriedtogethiswork
inthemedicalcircles.
8.Wecannothearawomansinging
inthenextroom.
9.Weweregoingtoplayfootball,butitwas
/hot
wedecidedtodootherwise.
10.Seizethechance
youwillregretit.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountryside1.on/over/throughthephone,shetoldmesnakescamenearthehousenowandthen,andtheyseemedto2.have_made(make)theirhomethere.Igotthechancetodistinguish3.myself(I)byinventingsomethingmercifultocatchsnakes.Noproductscanhelpmecatchsnakes,soIset4.aboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakesinordertotrapthem.Idecidedonthreeapproaches:
firstly5.removing(remove)theirhabitat;secondly,attractingthem6.intoatrapusingperfumeorfood,andthirdlycoolingthem.Iusedthe7.frozen(freeze)bowltomakethesnakes8.less(little)active,andthencollectedthem.Thenextdaywe9.merrily(merry)setallofthemfree,inotherwordswereleasedthembackinto10.thewild.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Humanshavelaunchedthemselvesintotheouterspace.They'velandedonthemoon.They'vebuilthabitablespacestationsthatorbittheEarth.Thenextgiantleapformankindistoreachanotherplanet—specifically,Mars.
Theproblemisthatit'snoeasytask.Theplanetis586timesfurtherawayfromtheEarththanthemoon,andit'lltakearound180to220daystoreachMars,dependingonwhereeachplanetisinitsorbit.Suchlongperiodsinspacehavesuggestedmanypotentialhealthproblems,includinghormonalchanges,skinconditions,andmuscleandbonedeterioration(损耗).
Here'swheresom