非谓语动词表格形式.docx
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非谓语动词表格形式
非谓语动词
一．动词不定式
1.动词不定式的构成：
to+动词原形（这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义）
否定：
not+（to+）动词原形
2.动词不定式的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.
作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，其结构为:
It+be+adj.+（for/ofsb.）+动词不定式
表语
Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.
多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语
宾语
—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?
—Helikestoplaybasketball.
只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语
宾补
Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to
定语
Haveyougotanythingtosay?
不定式做定语，要放在所修饰词的后面
状语
I’msorrytotroubleyou.
不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
1.todo作主语常用it作形式主语
例：
TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→Itisuseful（forus）tolearnEnglishwell.
注意：
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of.
2.一些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：
wouldlike,like（想要）,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,except等。
例：
Wouldyouliketooseeafilmthisevening?
3.在find,think后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
例：
IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.
4.常见的一些不带to的动词不定式作宾语
Whynotdo……,whydon’tyoudo…,hadbetter（not）do…,wouldraterdo…,could/would/willyouplease（not）do…
例：
Iwouldratherstayintheroom.
5.一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to要省略。
一感（fell）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（let/make/let）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）、五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必须加上to.
例：
Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.
6.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。
二．动名词
1.动名词的构成：
动词原形+-ing
2.动名词的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.
谓语动词用单数形式
宾
语
动词
宾语
Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性动作
介词
宾语
Stampsareusedforsendingletters.
表语
Hishobbyiscollectingstamps=Collectingstampsishishobby.
多数情况下，动名词作表语可装换成做主语
定语
Sheisinthereadingroom.
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。
至置于所修饰词之前
常跟动名词作宾语的词：
完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）
继续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup）
考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）
三．分词
1.构成：
动词+-ing
动词+-ed
2.分词的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
定语
Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?
Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.
现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰的词。
状语
Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.
Seenfromthehill,outschoollooksmorebeautiful.
分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语
表语
Thesituationisencouraging.
Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.
现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态（也就是我们常说的人用-ed，物用-ing.）
补足语
Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.
Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.
He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.
现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系）
四．易混清单
1.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别
stoptodosth.停下来去做
stopdoingsth.停止做
remembertodosth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）
rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生）
forgettodosth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）
Forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）
trytodosth.努力去做某事
Trydoingsth.试着去做某事
goontodosth.做完一件事，接着去做另一件事
goondoingsth.继续不停地做某事
allowdoingsth.允许做某事
allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事
regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）
Regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到遗憾，后悔（已做）
meantodosth.打算，想做某事
meandoingsth.意味着做某事
二．现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别
我们常见的动词有see,watch,notice,hear,feel,have等，它们接不带to的动词不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的经常性的动作；接现在分词做宾补，表示动作正在进行着。
例：
Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.（“唱”这个动作正在进行）
Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.（“唱”这个动作已经结束）
三．Need,require,want做“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于加不定式的被动式。
例：
Thewindowneedscleaning.→Thewindowneedstobecleaned.
wanttobedone=wantdoing
needtobedone=needdoing
requiretobedone=requiredoing
四．现在分词与过去分词的区别
1.在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动（修饰人用-ed，修饰物用-ing）。
例：
thesurprisingnews令人惊讶的消息
asurprisedman一个感到惊讶的人
2.在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已近完成的动作。
例：
thedevelopingcountry发展中国家
thedevelopedcountry发达国家
五．注意下列“to”是介词，不是动词不定式。
make（a）contribution（s）to为……作贡献
devoteto献身，致力于……
lookforwardto期盼，盼望
prefer……to……两者间更喜欢……
beusedto…习惯…….;适应……
1.Grannyoftentellsus______waterinourdailylife.
A.save
B.saving
C.tosave
D.saves
2.Richardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished______theemail.
A.write
B.towrite
C.writing
D.wrote
3.BeforegoingtotheHistoryMuseum,ourteachertoldus______thepublicrules.
A.obey
B.toobey
C.obeying
D.obeyed
4.James,I’mtootired.Let’sstop______arest.
A.having
B.have
C.tohaving
D.tohave
5.—WecanuseQQtochatwithotherontheInternet.
—Really?
Willyoupleaseshowme______it?
A.howtouse
B.whattouse
C.howcanIuse
D.whatcanIuse
6.—Where’syourbrothernow,Bob?
—Isawhim______inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim______.
A.playing;don’tdoso
B.playing;notdoso
C.play;todoso
7.—Hi,Steve!
Ourteacherstoldus______anelectricbike.It’stoodangerous.
—I’msorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.
A.toride
B.notride
C.nottoride
8.Asteenagers,we’reoldenough______withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable,washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.
A.tohelp
B.helping
C.helped
9.—Marydancesbestinourschool.
—Iagree.I’llneverforget______herdanceforthefirsttime.
A.seeing
B.tosee
C.see
D.seen
10.ChineseathletesdidagreatjobintheWinterOlympicsinCanada.Itcanencouragepost-90s（90后）________.
A.workhard
B.workedharder
C.workingharder
D.toworkhard
11.Don’tforget____anumbrella_____you.It’sgoingtorain.
A.totake;to
B.taking;to
C.totake;with
D.taking;with
12.Nancyisreallyahard–workingstudent.Weoftenseeher______booksintheclassroom.
A.read
B.toread
C.reads
13.—Areyougoingtotheparty______atSmith’shomethisevening?
—IwillifIamfree.
A.holding
B.held
C.tohold
D.tobeheld
14.Mrs.Smithmadeherstudents______thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.
A.write
B.towrite
C.written
D.writing
15.Dannydidallkindsofthingstomakethebaby______.
A.tostopcrying
B.stopcrying
C.tostoptocry
D.stoptocry
16.Wehavetworooms_____,butIcan’tdecide______.
A.tolive;tochoosewhichone
B.lived;choosewhichone
C.tolivedin;whichonetochose
D.live;whichone
17.Theteachertoldthestudents______anyfoodintothecomputerroom.
A.nottobring
B.notbring
C.don’tbring
D.bringnot
18.Atleast300millionpeopleareusingQQ______byMaHuatengtochatonline.
A.creat
B.creates
C.creating
D.created
19.TheteacheraskedBen______adifficultquestioninclass.
A.answer
B.answering
C.toanswer
D.answered
20.You’dbetter______toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
A.don’tspend
B.nottospend
C.tonotspend
D.notspend
21.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething______theold.
A.served
B.toserve
C.serve
D.serves
22.—IsJackinthelibrary?
—Maybe.Isawhim_____outwithsomebooksjustnow.
A.going
B.go
C.togo
D.went
23—Dad,whyshouldIstop______computergames?
—Foryourhealth,myboy,I’mafraidyou_______.
A.toplay;must
B.playing;haveto
C.toplay;can
D.playing;may
24.—HaveyouseentheTVplayMyUglyMother?
—Yes,it’swellworth______.It’s______movingthatI’veseenittwice.
A.seeing;too
B.tosee;enough
C.seeing;so
D.tosee;such
25.Whynot______yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish______itbyyourself?
A.ask;write
B.toask;writing
C.ask;writing
D.asking;writing
26.Ifpeople_____cuttingdowntheforest,theywillhavenowhere________.
A.keep;tolivein
B.willkeep;tolivein
C.keep;tolive
D.willkeep;tolive
27.Hisparentsoftenencouragehim______hard.
A.work
B.working
C.towork
D.works
28.LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot_______himforhistelephonenumber.
A.ask
B.asking
C.andask
D.toask
29.LastweekendIwenttothelibrary_______somebooksonhowtoprotectenvironment.
A.toborrow
B.borrow
C.borrowed
D.borrowing
30.—Howdoyoufeelwhenyouwatchthenationalflaggoup?
—Itmakesme______veryproud.
A.felt
B.tofeel
C.feeling
D.feel
31.Theboypromised_______lateforschoolagain.
A.tonotbe
B.nottobe
C.notbeing
D.beingnot
32.It’sverynice______picturesforme.
A.ofyoudodraw
B.foryoutodraw
C.foryoudrawing
D.ofyoudrawing
33.Chinawillspendabout52billionyuan______newairportsand______oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive–YearPlanperiod.（时期）
A.repairing;building
B.tobuild;repair
C.building;repairing
D.torepair;build
34.Therearesomanykindsofpenshere.Ican’tdecide______.
A.whentochoose
B.tochoosewhich
C.whichonetochoose
35.—Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?
—Iwouldrather______athomethan______football.it’stoohotoutside.
A.stay;playing
B.stay;play
C.tostay;toplay
D.tostay;playing
36.IttookLiMinganhour_____hisbikeyesterday
A.torepair
B.repairing
C.repaired
D.repair
37.It’simportant_______thepianowell.
A.ofhimtoplay
B.forhimtoplay
C.ofhimplaying
D.forhimplaying
38.Myjobis_______youJapanese.
A.toteach
B.teach
C.teaches
D.taught
39.Thedoctor_______a______boyyesterday.
A.hadsaved;dying
B.saved;dead
C.hassaved;dead
D.saved;dying
40.Wouldyoumind______mehow______Englishwords?
A.tell;toremember
B.telling;remember
C.telling;toremember
D.tell;remember
答案：
1—5CCBDA6—10BCAAD11—15CADAB16—20CADCD
21—25BBBCC26—30CCDAD31—35BACCB36—40ABADC
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