第10讲英文科技论文写作 Microsoft Word 文档.docx

第10讲英文科技论文写作 Microsoft Word 文档.docx

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第10讲英文科技论文写作MicrosoftWord文档

英文学术论文的写作

一．􀁺Title

Title通常为名词性词组短语一般可分为以下几类:

1以研究内容命名

SYSTHESISOF2-O-PROTECTEDGLYCEROLDERIVATIVES

Ring-OpeningPolymerizationofCyclicCarbonatesbyAlcohol-AcidCatalyst

2以研究对象命名

ANew,CrystallineHighMeltingBis（hydroxymethyl）polycarbonateandItsAcetoneKetalfor

BiomaterialApplications

Microdomainstructureinpolylactide-block-poly（ethyleneoxide）copolymerfilms

3以研究内容研究对象综合命名

Poly（ethylenecarbonate）s,partI:

Synthesesandstructuraleffectsinbiodegradation

Hydrolyticdegradationoftyrosine-derivedpolycarbonates,aclassofnewbiomaterials.PartI:

Studyofmodelcompounds

二．􀁺Abstract

Abstract通常由以下几方面组成<其前后顺序可相互交叉>

1.简要介绍研究背景<多数文章的Abstract中已将此部分省略>

Poly（N-isopropylacrylamide）（PNIPA）isathermallysensitivepolymericmaterial.PNIPA

hydrogelhasbeenwidelyusedinmanyfields.

2.叙述做了哪方面的研究

a.根据具体内容通常用一般过去时被动态:

Poly（1,3-trimethylenecarbonate）（PTMC）wassynthesizedbydiethylzinc-catalyzedring-opening

polymerizationof1,3-trimethylenecarbonate.Thepolymerwascharacterizedbymeasurement

ofitsthermalandmechanicalproperties,permeability,andsusceptibilitytohydrolyticchain

scissioninvitroandinvivo.

…Inadditiontotheinitiator,reactiontime,temperature,andmonomer/initiator（M/I）ratio

werevaried.

Reactivitiesofsix-memberedcycliccarbonateswerestudiedandacarbonate-modifiedacrylic

polymerwassynthesized,whichwasexpectedtoshowgoodwaterresistance.

Theeffectofpolymerchemistryonadhesion,proliferation,andmorphologyofhumanarticular

cartilage（HAC）wasevaluated.

Inordertostudythedegradationmechanismofthesepolycarbonatesinmoredetail,aseriesof

smallmodelcompoundsweredesignedthatmimictherepeatunitofthepolymer.

Tyrosine-PEGderivedpoly（ethercarbonate）swerepreparedbycondensationcopolymerization

withphosgene.…ChemicalstructureandpuritywereconfirmedbyNMRandFTIRspectral

analysis.

Themechanismofdecarboxylationwasdiscussedfromtheviewpointof…

Basedonthesymmetricalstructureoftheseproducts,amechanismforchaininitiationand…was

proposed.

b.根据具体内容有时要用一般现在时或其它

Thenovelconvergentgrowthapproachtotopologicalmacromoleculesbasedondendritic

fragmentisdescribed.

Inpresentpaperplasmamethodsarediscussedwithrespecttoothertechniqueswhichalso

inducemicropatternedcellgrowth.

c.也有少部分用主动态

Ourstudyfocusedontheroleofpoly（ethyleneglycol）（PEG）inactivelyregulatingthe

biologicalresponsivenessofprotein-adsorbedbiomaterials.Tothisend,wedesigned

PEG-variantbiomaterialsfromafamilyoftyrosine/PEG-derivedpolycarbonatetopresent

surfacesrangingfromlowtointermediatelevelsofPEGconcentration,…Weanalyzedthe

effectofPEGconcentrationontheamount,conformationandbioactivity…

Wehaveinvestigatedtheabilityofthesedendrimerstofunctionasaneffectivedeliverysystem…

Thispaperdescribesthesynthesisandevaluationofbiodegradablederivativesof

poly-L-glutamicacidassuitablevectorsforgenetherapy.

3.阐明得到了哪些主要结论

时态根据具体情况而定

Theseresultsstronglysuggestthatthecycliccarbonatesareactivatedbytrifluoroaceticacid.

Et2Zn/ethyleneglycolwasfoundtobeexceptionallyeffectiveasacatalystforthis

copolymerization.

Surprisingly,thebiodegradationofPECshavingMws<100000isstronglysuppressed.

Theconcentrationsofthemonomersformedinthedepolymerizationswellagreedwiththe

equilibriummonomerconcentrationsintheanionicring-openingpolymerizations.

Thehighestpoly（TMC）molecularweightwasobtainedbyconducingthepolymerizationat55

Increasingthewatercontentresultedinenhancedpolymerizationratesanddecreased

molecularweights.

Thedimensionandsurfaceareaofthedevicesinfluencedtheinitialdegradationrate,butdidnot

significantlyaffecttheoverallrateofdegradation.

Acarbonate-modifiedacrylicpolymershowedexcellenthydrolysisresistance…

Thedendriticpolymerseemstobeapromisingcarrierforthecontrolledreleaseofantitumor

drugs.

Thepropertiesofthesepolymersdependupontheratioofmonomersand...

OurresultsdemonstratethatlowlevelsofPEGcanregulatenotonlyontheextentbutalsothe

conformationandspecificbioactivityofadsorbedmodelprotein…Ourstudiesalsoindicated

thattherateofcellmigrationwasinverselycorrelatedwithPEGconcentrationoveranarrow

rangeofPEGconcentration.

Resultsobtainedfromtheuseofthesemodelcompoundssuggestedthatthebackbonecarbonate

bondishydrolyzedatafasterratethanthependentchainesterbond.

Theresultsfromthisstudycanbeusedtoexplainthedegradationbehaviorofthe

correspondingpolycarbonatesaswellastheirdegradationmechanisms.􀁺

Introduction

时态根据具体内容而定

Introduction通常由以下几方面组成

1.介绍研究背景﹑研究意义

Spiroorthocarbonates（SOCs）undergodoublering-openingpolymerizationwithanexpansionin

volume[1-4].Thisuniquepropertyattractedtheinterestofpolymerchemists[5,6].

Sincetheearly1960s,severalsynthetic,degradablepolymersystemshavebeenusedasmedical

implantmaterials.Somewidelyinvestigatedexamplesincludepoly（lacticacid）[1,2],…,…,

andpolyorthoesters[6,7].

Wichterle<姓>andLimdevelopedthefirstsyntheticpolymerichydrogelsbasedon

hydroxyethylmethacrylate,foruseasbiomaterials[2].Sincethen,therehasbeencontinuing

interestinthedevelopmentofnoveltypesofhydrogelmaterialsforbiomedicalapplication.

Developmentofbiodegradableplasticsisbeingextensivelypromotedasoneofthesolutionsto

plasticwastedisposal.Aliphaticpolyestersarecurrentlyconsideredthemostpromising

materialsfortheproductionofbiodegradableplastics.

Inrecentyearsmoreandmoretechnicalfieldshavebeguntouselow-temperatureplasmas.

Importantnewapplicationshavebeenfoundinbiomedicaltechniques….Goodexamplesfor

noveltechniquesverynearapplicationandalreadyappliedareplasmassterilization….Thisis

importantnotonlyforpolymericbiomaterials,butalsoforothermaterials.Alotof

publicationsalreadyexistinthisfield.

Itiswellknownthatpoly（N-isopropylacrylamide）（PNIPA）gelisthermallysensitiveinits

responsetoexternaltemperaturechanges.…PNIPAgelhasattractedgreatinterestandbeen

extensivelystudiedintherecent20yearsduetoitsapplicationsinmanyfields,suchas

artificialmuscle[2],on-offswitches[3],andimmobilizationofenzymes[4],etc.

Veryrecently,Kricheldorfetal.havereportedthesynthesisofhighmolecularweight

polycarbonate…,althoughthedetailedmechanismisnotclear.5

Theanioniclivingpolymerizationtechniqueyieldingpolymerswithnarrowmolecularweight

distributionshasbeenwidelyadoptedasamethodtopreparehomo-andespeciallyblock

copolymers1）.

Genetherapyisarelativelynewtechniqueinthefieldofbiotechnologyandmedicinethatis

attractingalotofattention.

Thefreeradicalpolymerizationsofcyclicketeneacetalshaverecentlyevokedalotofinterest.

Theuseofenzymecatalysisinorganicmediaforpolymer-formingreactionsisgaining

increasingattention.Thehallmarkofenzymesistheirabilitytoachievehighenantio-and

regioselectivityforvariouschemicaltransformations.1Furthermore,enzymesrepresentafamily

of“environmentallyfriendly”catalysts.Advantagesofusingenzymesinorganicasopposedto

aqueousmediaareasfollows:

（i）increasedenzymethermalstability,（ii）solubilityofawide

rangeofsubstratetypesinthereactionmedia,（iii）norequirementforpHadjustmentasthe

reactionproceeds,and（iv）readilyrecyclable.2,3

Whereasaromaticpolycarbonateshaveachievedwideapplicationandgreatimportanceas

polymermaterialssince1954,1aliphaticpolycarbonateshavebeenlessinterestingduetotheir

poorthermalstabilityandeasyhydrolysis.Duringthepastdecade,increasingattentionhas

beenpaidtoaliphaticpolycarbonatesfortheirpotentialinthemedicalfieldandinthe

environmentalcontrolofplastics.2-8

Stimulatedbytheneedforbioresorbablemedicalmaterialswithawiderangeofphysical

propertiesanddegradationrates,therehasbeenconsiderableinterestinexploringaliphatic

polycarbonatepreparedbyring-openingpolymerizationofcycliccarbonatemonomers.1-7Efforts

havethusfarfocusedonpolymerizationsoffive-andsix-memberedringaliphaticcyclic

carbonates.

2.阐述目前该领域的研究现状﹑存在问题﹑待解决的问题

Ring-openingpolymerizationofsix-memberedcycliccarbonateshavebeenstudiedindetailby

Kricheldorfetal.[4,5]andSarelletal.[6-8]afterthefirstworkontheirreactivitybySearles[9].

Inrecentyearstherehasbeenrenewalofinterestinpolymerizationofsix-memberedcyclic

carbonatesinceEndoetal.demonstratedthatTMCshowedvolumeexpansionduring

polymerization[10].

Althoughthecationicring-openingpolymerizationofSOCshasbeeninvestigatedextensively,

onlyalowmolecularweight（MW）polymerwasobtainedandtheMWcannotbecontrolled.

Althoughtheutilityofthesematerialsassuturesandinanumberofdrugdeliveryapplicationsis

wellestablished,somematerial’sneedscannotbesatisfiedbytheiruse.Forexample,all

polyestersreleaseacidicdegradationproducts[6-8],limitingtheirutilitytoapplicationswhere

acidityattheimplantsiteisnotaconcern.Theabovepolyestersalsotendtoberelativelyrigid,

inflexiblematerials[9],Thiscanbeadefinitedisadvantagewhenmechanicalcompliancewith

softtissueorbloodvesselsisrequired.Finally,noneoftheabovepolyestersprovidesa

chemicallyreactivependentchainfortheeasyattachmentofdrugs,crosslinkersandbiologically

activemoieties.

Theinvestigationofpoly（ethercarbonate）sstartedinthe1960s.…However,copolymersofdiphenolsandP