windows 错误信息.docx

windows 错误信息.docx

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windows错误信息

Chapter10

TroubleshootingStopErrors

WhenacomputerrunningMicrosoft®Windows Server™ 2003detectsanunexpectedproblemfromwhichitcannotrecover,aStoperroroccurs.AStoperrorservestoprotecttheintegrityofthesystembyimmediatelystoppingallprocessing.AlthoughitistheoreticallypossibleforWindows Server 2003tocontinuefunctioningwhenitdetectsthatacorecomponenthasexperiencedaseriousproblem,theintegrityofthesystemwouldbequestionable,whichcouldleadtosecurityviolations,systemcorruption,andinvalidtransactionprocessing.WhenaStoperroroccurs,Windows Server 2003displaysaStopmessage,sometimesreferredtoasa“bluescreen,”whichisatext-modeerrormessagethatreportsinformationaboutthecondition.AbasicunderstandingofStoperrorsandtheirunderlyingcausesimprovesyourabilitytolocateandunderstandtechnicalinformationorperformdiagnosticproceduresrequestedofyoubytechnicalsupportpersonnel.

InThisChapter

StopErrorsOverview3

MemoryDumpFiles8

StopErrorsRecordedintheSystemLog19

BeingPreparedforStopErrors20

CommonStopMessages22

AdditionalResources52

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StopErrorsOverview

Stoperrorsonlyoccurwhenaproblemcannotbehandledbyusingthehigher-levelerror-handlingmechanismsintheMicrosoft®Windows Server™ 2003operatingsystem.Normally,whenanerroroccursinanapplication,theapplicationinterpretstheerrormessageandprovidesdetailedinformationtothesystemadministrator.However,Stoperrorsarehandledbythekernel,andWindows Server 2003isonlyabletodisplaybasicinformationabouttheerror,writethecontentsofmemorytothedisk（ifmemorydumpsareenabled）,andhaltthesystem.Thisbasicinformation,knownasaStopmessage,isdescribedinmoredetailin“StopMessages”inthischapter.

AsaresultoftheminimalinformationprovidedinaStopmessage,andthefactthattheoperatingsystemstopsallprocessing,Stoperrorscanbedifficulttotroubleshoot.Fortunately,theytendtooccurveryrarely.Whentheydooccur,theyarealmostalwayscausedbydriverproblems,hardwareproblems,orfileinconsistencies.

IdentifyingtheStopError

TherearemanydifferenttypesofStoperrors.Eachhasitsownpossiblecausesandrequiresauniquetroubleshootingprocess.Therefore,thefirststepintroubleshootingaStoperroristoidentifytheStoperror.YouneedthefollowinginformationabouttheStoperrortobegintroubleshooting:

∙Stoperrornumber.ThisnumberuniquelyidentifiestheStoperror.

∙Stoperrorparameters.TheseparametersprovideadditionalinformationabouttheStoperror.TheirmeaningisspecifictotheStoperrornumber.

∙Driverinformation.Whenavailable,thedriverinformationidentifiesthemostlikelysourceoftheproblem.

ThisinformationisoftendisplayedaspartoftheStopmessage.Ifpossible,writeitdowntouseasareferenceduringthetroubleshootingprocess.Iftheoperatingsystemrestartsbeforeyoucanwritedowntheinformation,youcanoftenretrievetheinformationfromtheSystemloginEventViewer.Formoreinformation,see“StopErrorsRecordedintheSystemLog”laterinthischapter.

IfyouareunabletogathertheStoperrornumberfromtheStopmessageandtheSystemlog,youcanretrieveitfromamemorydumpfile.Bydefault,Windows Server 2003isconfiguredtocreateamemorydumpwheneveraStoperroroccurs.Ifnomemorydumpfilewascreated,configurethesystemtocreateamemorydumpfile.Then,iftheStoperrorreoccurs,youwillbeabletoextractthenecessaryinformationfromthememorydumpfile.Forinformationaboutusingdumpfiles,see“MemoryDumpFiles”laterinthischapter.

Figure 10.1illustratestheprocessofidentifyingtheStoperrorinformationneededforfurthertroubleshooting.

Figure 10.1   IdentifyingtheStopError

FindingTroubleshootingInformation

EachStoperrorrequiresadifferenttroubleshootingtechnique.Therefore,afteryouidentifytheStoperrorandgathertheassociatedinformation,searchthefollowingsourcesfortroubleshootinginformationspecifictothatStoperror:

∙“CommonStopMessages”laterinthischapter

∙MicrosoftDebuggingToolsforWindowsHelp

∙MicrosoftKnowledgeBase

Figure 10.2showstheprocessforidentifyingdetailedtroubleshootinginformationspecifictoyourStoperror,afteryouhaveidentifiedtheStopmessagenumberandparameters.

Figure 10.2   FindingStopError–SpecificTroubleshootingInformation

“CommonStopMessages”laterinthischapterisintendedasareferencefortroubleshootingStoperrors;however,itdoesnotincludeeverypossibleStoperror.IftheStoperrornumberyouaretroubleshootingisnotlistedin“CommonStopMessages,”refertotheDebuggingToolsforWindowsHelp.Finally,theMicrosoftKnowledgeBaseincludestimelyarticlesaboutalimitedsubsetofStoperrors.StoperrorinformationintheMicrosoftKnowledgeBaseisoftenspecifictoaparticulardriverorhardwarecomponent,andgenerallyincludesstep-by-stepinstructionsforresolvingtheproblem.Althoughitisrarelynecessary,youcanalsoconsultMicrosoftProductSupportServicesfortroubleshootingservicestoresolveStoperrors.

MicrosoftKnowledgeBase

Forrelatedinformation,seetheMicrosoftKnowledgeBaselinkontheWebResourcespageat

MicrosoftDebuggingToolsforWindowsHelp

InstalltheMicrosoftDebuggingToolsforMicrosoft®Windows®,andconsultHelpforthattool.ThisHelpcontainsthedefinitivelistofStopmessages,includingmanynotcoveredinthischapter,andexplainshowtotroubleshootawidevarietyofStoperrors.ToinstallDebuggingToolsforWindowsfromtheMicrosoftDebuggingToolsWebsite,seetheDebuggingToolslinkontheWebResourcespageat

MicrosoftProductSupportServices

IfyoucannotisolatethecauseoftheStoperror,obtainassistancefromtrainedMicrosoftProductSupportServicespersonnel.Youmightneedtofurnishspecificinformationandperformcertainprocedurestohelptechnicalsupportinvestigateyourproblem.FormoreinformationaboutMicrosoftproductsupport,seetheMicrosoftProductSupportServiceslinkontheWebResourcespageat

StopMessages

StopmessagesreportinformationaboutStoperrors.TheintentionoftheStopmessageistoassistthesystemadministratorinisolating,andeventuallyresolving,theproblemthatcausedtheStoperror.StopmessagesprovideagreatdealofusefulinformationtoadministratorswhounderstandhowtointerprettheinformationintheStopmessage.Inadditiontootherinformation,theStopmessageincludestheStoperrornumber,orbugcheckcode,whichyoucanusetofindorreferencetroubleshootinginformationaboutthespecificStoperrorin“CommonStopMessages”laterinthischapter.

StopMessageScreenSections

WhenexaminingaStopmessage,youneedtohaveabasicunderstandingoftheproblemsothatyoucanplanacourseofaction.AlwaysreviewtheStopmessageandrecordasmuchinformationabouttheproblemaspossiblebeforesearchingthroughtechnicalsources.Stopmessagesuseafull-screencharactermodeformat,asshowninFigure 10.3.Eachmessageisuniquelyassociatedwithalphanumericcharacters.

Figure 10.3   StopMessage

AsshowninFigure 10.3,aStopmessagescreenhasfourmajorsections,whichdisplaythefollowinginformation:

∙Recommendeduseraction

∙Technicalinformation

∙Driverinformation

∙Debugportanddumpstatusinformation

Note

Ifthevideodisplaydrivershavestoppedfunctioning,thekernelmightnotbeabletofullydisplayalltheStopmessagecontents;insuchacase,onlythefirstlinewillbevisible.

Recommendeduseraction

TheRecommendeduseractionsectioninformstheuserthataproblemhasoccurredandthatWindowswasshutdown.ItalsoprovidesthesymbolicnameoftheStoperror.InFigure 10.3,thesymbolicnameisDRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL.Italsoattemptstodescribetheproblemandlistssuggestionsfo