专四阅读详解 2.docx

专四阅读详解 2.docx

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专四阅读详解2

星期2Tuesday

Happinessisnearlyalwaysareboundfromhardwork.辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

错误统计

做题备忘

TextA

社会现象类

394

5分钟

/4

TextB

科技应用类

590

7分钟

/5

TextC

文学人物类

424

6分钟

/5

TextD

体育人物类

560

7分钟

/6

今日练习

TextA

Beautyisacuriousphenomenon,oneofpermeable,shiftingboundaries.Wemaythinkweunderstandit,sincewesenseiteffortlessly.Infact,itisabundleofmysteriesresearchersarestilluncovering.

Considertheancientproverb:

beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder.Untilabout30yearsagoitseemedtooobviousforscientiststobotherwith.Whentheyfinallytestedit,theirresultsstartledthem.

Ontheonehand,themaximisfalse.Facialbeautyisthesamethroughouttheworld.Ineverytribeandculture,individualswillconsiderMarilynMonroe,say,anattractivewoman.Itgoesfurther.Malescanidentifygood-lookingmen,andfemalescharmingwomen.Oldandyoung,richandpoor,learnedandignorant,allagreeonwhoisbeautiful.Sodopeopleofeveryclassandpersonalitytype.

Wedon’tlearnthisresponse.We’rebornwithit.Inonerecentstudy,babiesjust20hoursoldrecognizedattractivefacesandpreferredthem.SobeautyisinourDNA.Theeyeofthebeholderdoesn’tmatter.

Ontheotherhand,andthisiswhereitgetsinteresting,thefacialshellisjustthefoundationofbeauty.Weseetheselfintheface,everyday,allthetime,andwecan’tdistinguishthetwo.

Thisblurringmeansthatwegifttheattractivewithalargenumberofvirtues.Theyseemmorecompetent,likeable,happier,blessedwithbetterlivesandpersonalities.Inoneexperiment,peoplepredictedhappiermarriagesandbetterjobsforthem,andratedthemlowerononlyoneaspect:

theircaliberasparents.Anotherstudyfoundpeopleconsiderthemmoreamiable,happy,flexible,pleasure-seeking,serious,candid,outspoken,perceptive,confident,assertive,curiousandactive.Theyexertmorecontrolovertheirdestiny,subjectsfelt,whilethehomelyenduretheworld’ssuddenchange.

Itiscalledthe“beautifulisgood”stereotype,anditgrantstheattractiveaparadeofboons.Teachersconsiderthemsmarterandgivethemhighergrades.Bossespromotethemfaster.InonetaleinTheThousandandOneNights,athiefstealsacoin-bag,andwhenthevictimaccuseshim,peopleprotest:

“No,he’ssuchahandsomeyouth.Hewouldn’tstealanything!

”Infact,attractivepeoplecanshopliftwithgreaterease,sincewitnessesarelesslikelytoreportthem.Andwhentheydostandbeforethecourt,juriesacquitthemmorereadilyandjudgesgivethemlighterpenalties.

1.Theproverb“beautyisintheeyeofbeholder”means

[A]thatbeautycanonlybeadmittedwhenmostpeoplerecognizeit.

[B]whethersomebodyisbeautifuldependsonthepersonwhoislooking.

[C]thatbeautycanbemeasuredaccordingtotheattractiveeyes.

[D]thatbeautycanbejudgedonlybygrown-ups.

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsubstitutetheword“caliber”inPara.6?

[A]Desire.[B]Curiosity.[C]Habit.[D]Competence.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthebeauty?

[A]Thebeautyismorelikelytoshoplift.

[B]Thebeautyinsideismoreimportantthanfacialbeauty.

[C]Thebeautymaystillcommitthesamecrimeasthecommons.

[D]Thebeautyusuallyleadsunpleasantlife.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“beautifulisgood”is

[A]objective.[B]approving.

[C]questioning.[D]critical.

TextB

It’sSaturdayafternoonandyouwouldlovetoplayafewroundsofgolf,butfearthatyoumightnotgetenoughtee（高尔夫球座）timeattheclosestpubliclinks.Instead,youdecidetogodowntotheathleticclubafewblocksaway.There,youenteraprivateroom,pressabutton,andlookatthelargescreenonthewallinfrontofyou.Thescreenflickers,blinks,andpresto（转眼间）—youaresuddenlyononeoftheworld’sgreatgolfcourses,perhapsSt.AndrewsinScotland.Youteeoffontheplasticturfwhackingyourballagainstthescreen.Ablurredcopyoftheballslicesorhooksdownthefairway（平坦球道）.Computers,infraredbeams,andphoto-opticaldetectorstracktheball’sspin,speed,anddirection.Youaretotallyimmersedinthethree-dimensionalcomputergeneratedworld.

Virtualrealityiscreatedbyusingdisplayandcontroltechnologytosurrounditsuserswithanartificialenvironmentthatmimicsreallife.Throughtheuseofvisualandsoundeffects,thingsthatdon’texistcanbemadetoappeartoexist.Virtualrealtyallowsuserstomanipulateobjectsonthescreensotheycanbecomefullparticipantsinthethree-dimensionalsettingthatenvelopsthem.

Already,virtualrealitysystemshavemanypracticalapplications.Mostnotably,thetechnologyisbeingusedtomakesimulationsofcarsorbuildingsduringthedesignphase,toprovideinstructionintechnicalsubjectslikeengineering,andtointroducenewsurgicaltechniques.Butthistechnology’smostadvancedapplicationsatthemomentareinentertainmentsuchasvirtualrealitygolfandthevirtualrealityarcadegameroomssproutingupallovertheworld.

Theideaofusingcomputerstorenderartificialbutusefulenvironmentsbeganasearlyasthe1960s,butthecomputerpowerneededtogenerate3-DgraphicswassocostlythatonlygovernmentagenciessuchasU.S.nationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,alongwithafewuniversitylabs,couldaffordit.Thefieldbegantogrowinthemid1980swhenJaronLaniercoinedtheterm“virtualreality”andfoundedVPIResearchInc.,thefirsthigh-techcompanydedicatedtothevirtualrealityfield.Sincethencompaniesworldwidehavecometorecognizethetechnology’scommercialpotentialandhaveenteredthemarket.IntheU.S.forexample,theaerospacegiantBoeinghasorganizedacompany-widesteeringcommitteetoexplorevirtualreality’spotentialapplications.

Currentvirtualrealityresearchshowsnumerouspotentialapplicationsoftheinteractivetechnology:

EDUCATION:

Educatorssayvirtualrealitycanofferalternativestothewaystudentslearn.Someeducators,infact,arealreadyusingvirtualrealitysystemsintheclassroom.AtRensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,architecturalstudentsmovearoundinananimatedimageoftheParthenon,examiningthatnoblestructure’sroofandcolumns.

DESIGN:

Architectsareexpectedtobethebiggestusersofvirtualrealitydesignapplications.Oneexperimentalsystemnowallowsanarchitecttomovethroughthedesignofavirtualhospitalinavirtualwheelchairtotestaccesstodoors,hallways,lightswitches,andotherdesignelements.

MEDICINE:

Virtualrealityisgivingscientiststheabilitytoworksurroundedbyimagesofmoleculesandotherobjectsthatoncerequiredanelectronicmicroscopestudy.Researcherspredictthatsurgeonsintrainingwillbeabletopracticeonelectroniccorpseswhileexperiencedsurgeonswillbenefitfromnewtechniquesdevelopedfromvirtualrealityapplications.

“Virtualrealityoffersanotherwindow,butonethatascientistcanclimbthroughtointeractdirectlywithscientificabstractions,”saysHowardRheingold,authorofVirtualReality.“Virtualrealityhasthepotentialtobecomeamicroscopeofthemind.”

5.Bycitingtheexampleofgolf,theauthorintendsto

[A]indicatethatpeoplelovetoplaygolfonSaturdayafternoon.

[B]suggestthatpeoplegotoathleticclubstoplaygolf.

[C]showhowpeopleplaygolfonthethree-dimensionalworld.

[D]introducethetopicofvirtualreality.

6.Peoplecanfullyparticipateinthethree-dimensionalworldbecausevirtualrealitymakes

[A]thingswhichdon’texistappeartoexist.

[B]usersfallintoanillusion.

[C]itpossibletomanipulateobjectsonthescreen.

[D]userssurroundedbyanartificialenvironment.

7.Nowthemostadvancedapplicationsofvirtualrealityarein

[A]design.[B]entertainment.

[C]education.[D]surgery.

8.Whydidthefieldofvirtualrealitybegintodeveloponlyinthemid1980s?

[A]Thecomputerequipmentneededinthisfieldwassoexpensive.

[B]Computertechnologyjuststartedtogrowatthattime.

[C]Theideadidn’toccurtopeople’smindatanearliertime.

[D]JaronLaniercoinedtheterm“virtualreality”then.

9.Accordingtopassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

[A]JaronLaniercontributedmuchtothedevelopmentofvirtualreality.

[B]Studentscanlearninanewwaythroughtheapplicationofvirtualrealityineducation.

[C]Virtualrealityissupposedtobeappliedmostwidelyincardesigning.

[D]Scientistsareabletoworkinanartificialenvironmentthroughvirtualrealityapplications.

TextC

ThomasHardy’simpulsesasawriter,allofwhichheindulgedinhisnovels,werenumerousanddivergent,andtheydidnotalwaysworktogetherinharmony.Hardywastosomedegreeinterestedinexploringhischaracters’psychologies,thoughimpelledlessbycuriositythanbysympathy.Occasionallyhefelttheimpulsetocomedy（inallitsdetachedcoldness）aswellastheimpulsetofarce,buthewasmoreofteninclinedtoseetragedyandrecordit.Hewasalsoinclinedtoliteraryrealisminseveralsensesofthatphrase.Hewantedtodescribeordinaryhumanbeings:

hewantedtospeculateontheirdilemmasrationally（and,unfortunately,evenschematically）;andhewantedtorecordpreciselythematerialuniverse.Finally,hewantedtobemorethanarealist.Hewantedtotranscendwhatheconsideredtobetrivialityofsolelyrecordingthingsexactlyandtoexpressaswellhisawarenessofthemysteriousandthestrange.

Inhisnovelsthesevariousimpulsesweresacrificedtoeachotherofteninevitably.AsHardydidnotcareinthewaythatnovelistssuchasFlaubertorJamescared,thereforehetookpathsofleastresistance.Thusoneimpulseoftensurrenderedtoafresheroneand,unfo