专四阅读详解 2.docx
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专四阅读详解2
星期2Tuesday
Happinessisnearlyalwaysareboundfromhardwork.辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。
学习内容
题材
词数
建议时间
错误统计
做题备忘
TextA
社会现象类
394
5分钟
/4
TextB
科技应用类
590
7分钟
/5
TextC
文学人物类
424
6分钟
/5
TextD
体育人物类
560
7分钟
/6
今日练习
TextA
Beautyisacuriousphenomenon,oneofpermeable,shiftingboundaries.Wemaythinkweunderstandit,sincewesenseiteffortlessly.Infact,itisabundleofmysteriesresearchersarestilluncovering.
Considertheancientproverb:
beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder.Untilabout30yearsagoitseemedtooobviousforscientiststobotherwith.Whentheyfinallytestedit,theirresultsstartledthem.
Ontheonehand,themaximisfalse.Facialbeautyisthesamethroughouttheworld.Ineverytribeandculture,individualswillconsiderMarilynMonroe,say,anattractivewoman.Itgoesfurther.Malescanidentifygood-lookingmen,andfemalescharmingwomen.Oldandyoung,richandpoor,learnedandignorant,allagreeonwhoisbeautiful.Sodopeopleofeveryclassandpersonalitytype.
Wedon’tlearnthisresponse.We’rebornwithit.Inonerecentstudy,babiesjust20hoursoldrecognizedattractivefacesandpreferredthem.SobeautyisinourDNA.Theeyeofthebeholderdoesn’tmatter.
Ontheotherhand,andthisiswhereitgetsinteresting,thefacialshellisjustthefoundationofbeauty.Weseetheselfintheface,everyday,allthetime,andwecan’tdistinguishthetwo.
Thisblurringmeansthatwegifttheattractivewithalargenumberofvirtues.Theyseemmorecompetent,likeable,happier,blessedwithbetterlivesandpersonalities.Inoneexperiment,peoplepredictedhappiermarriagesandbetterjobsforthem,andratedthemlowerononlyoneaspect:
theircaliberasparents.Anotherstudyfoundpeopleconsiderthemmoreamiable,happy,flexible,pleasure-seeking,serious,candid,outspoken,perceptive,confident,assertive,curiousandactive.Theyexertmorecontrolovertheirdestiny,subjectsfelt,whilethehomelyenduretheworld’ssuddenchange.
Itiscalledthe“beautifulisgood”stereotype,anditgrantstheattractiveaparadeofboons.Teachersconsiderthemsmarterandgivethemhighergrades.Bossespromotethemfaster.InonetaleinTheThousandandOneNights,athiefstealsacoin-bag,andwhenthevictimaccuseshim,peopleprotest:
“No,he’ssuchahandsomeyouth.Hewouldn’tstealanything!
”Infact,attractivepeoplecanshopliftwithgreaterease,sincewitnessesarelesslikelytoreportthem.Andwhentheydostandbeforethecourt,juriesacquitthemmorereadilyandjudgesgivethemlighterpenalties.
1.Theproverb“beautyisintheeyeofbeholder”means
[A]thatbeautycanonlybeadmittedwhenmostpeoplerecognizeit.
[B]whethersomebodyisbeautifuldependsonthepersonwhoislooking.
[C]thatbeautycanbemeasuredaccordingtotheattractiveeyes.
[D]thatbeautycanbejudgedonlybygrown-ups.
2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsubstitutetheword“caliber”inPara.6?
[A]Desire.[B]Curiosity.[C]Habit.[D]Competence.
3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthebeauty?
[A]Thebeautyismorelikelytoshoplift.
[B]Thebeautyinsideismoreimportantthanfacialbeauty.
[C]Thebeautymaystillcommitthesamecrimeasthecommons.
[D]Thebeautyusuallyleadsunpleasantlife.
4.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“beautifulisgood”is
[A]objective.[B]approving.
[C]questioning.[D]critical.
TextB
It’sSaturdayafternoonandyouwouldlovetoplayafewroundsofgolf,butfearthatyoumightnotgetenoughtee(高尔夫球座)timeattheclosestpubliclinks.Instead,youdecidetogodowntotheathleticclubafewblocksaway.There,youenteraprivateroom,pressabutton,andlookatthelargescreenonthewallinfrontofyou.Thescreenflickers,blinks,andpresto(转眼间)—youaresuddenlyononeoftheworld’sgreatgolfcourses,perhapsSt.AndrewsinScotland.Youteeoffontheplasticturfwhackingyourballagainstthescreen.Ablurredcopyoftheballslicesorhooksdownthefairway(平坦球道).Computers,infraredbeams,andphoto-opticaldetectorstracktheball’sspin,speed,anddirection.Youaretotallyimmersedinthethree-dimensionalcomputergeneratedworld.
Virtualrealityiscreatedbyusingdisplayandcontroltechnologytosurrounditsuserswithanartificialenvironmentthatmimicsreallife.Throughtheuseofvisualandsoundeffects,thingsthatdon’texistcanbemadetoappeartoexist.Virtualrealtyallowsuserstomanipulateobjectsonthescreensotheycanbecomefullparticipantsinthethree-dimensionalsettingthatenvelopsthem.
Already,virtualrealitysystemshavemanypracticalapplications.Mostnotably,thetechnologyisbeingusedtomakesimulationsofcarsorbuildingsduringthedesignphase,toprovideinstructionintechnicalsubjectslikeengineering,andtointroducenewsurgicaltechniques.Butthistechnology’smostadvancedapplicationsatthemomentareinentertainmentsuchasvirtualrealitygolfandthevirtualrealityarcadegameroomssproutingupallovertheworld.
Theideaofusingcomputerstorenderartificialbutusefulenvironmentsbeganasearlyasthe1960s,butthecomputerpowerneededtogenerate3-DgraphicswassocostlythatonlygovernmentagenciessuchasU.S.nationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration,alongwithafewuniversitylabs,couldaffordit.Thefieldbegantogrowinthemid1980swhenJaronLaniercoinedtheterm“virtualreality”andfoundedVPIResearchInc.,thefirsthigh-techcompanydedicatedtothevirtualrealityfield.Sincethencompaniesworldwidehavecometorecognizethetechnology’scommercialpotentialandhaveenteredthemarket.IntheU.S.forexample,theaerospacegiantBoeinghasorganizedacompany-widesteeringcommitteetoexplorevirtualreality’spotentialapplications.
Currentvirtualrealityresearchshowsnumerouspotentialapplicationsoftheinteractivetechnology:
EDUCATION:
Educatorssayvirtualrealitycanofferalternativestothewaystudentslearn.Someeducators,infact,arealreadyusingvirtualrealitysystemsintheclassroom.AtRensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,architecturalstudentsmovearoundinananimatedimageoftheParthenon,examiningthatnoblestructure’sroofandcolumns.
DESIGN:
Architectsareexpectedtobethebiggestusersofvirtualrealitydesignapplications.Oneexperimentalsystemnowallowsanarchitecttomovethroughthedesignofavirtualhospitalinavirtualwheelchairtotestaccesstodoors,hallways,lightswitches,andotherdesignelements.
MEDICINE:
Virtualrealityisgivingscientiststheabilitytoworksurroundedbyimagesofmoleculesandotherobjectsthatoncerequiredanelectronicmicroscopestudy.Researcherspredictthatsurgeonsintrainingwillbeabletopracticeonelectroniccorpseswhileexperiencedsurgeonswillbenefitfromnewtechniquesdevelopedfromvirtualrealityapplications.
“Virtualrealityoffersanotherwindow,butonethatascientistcanclimbthroughtointeractdirectlywithscientificabstractions,”saysHowardRheingold,authorofVirtualReality.“Virtualrealityhasthepotentialtobecomeamicroscopeofthemind.”
5.Bycitingtheexampleofgolf,theauthorintendsto
[A]indicatethatpeoplelovetoplaygolfonSaturdayafternoon.
[B]suggestthatpeoplegotoathleticclubstoplaygolf.
[C]showhowpeopleplaygolfonthethree-dimensionalworld.
[D]introducethetopicofvirtualreality.
6.Peoplecanfullyparticipateinthethree-dimensionalworldbecausevirtualrealitymakes
[A]thingswhichdon’texistappeartoexist.
[B]usersfallintoanillusion.
[C]itpossibletomanipulateobjectsonthescreen.
[D]userssurroundedbyanartificialenvironment.
7.Nowthemostadvancedapplicationsofvirtualrealityarein
[A]design.[B]entertainment.
[C]education.[D]surgery.
8.Whydidthefieldofvirtualrealitybegintodeveloponlyinthemid1980s?
[A]Thecomputerequipmentneededinthisfieldwassoexpensive.
[B]Computertechnologyjuststartedtogrowatthattime.
[C]Theideadidn’toccurtopeople’smindatanearliertime.
[D]JaronLaniercoinedtheterm“virtualreality”then.
9.Accordingtopassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
[A]JaronLaniercontributedmuchtothedevelopmentofvirtualreality.
[B]Studentscanlearninanewwaythroughtheapplicationofvirtualrealityineducation.
[C]Virtualrealityissupposedtobeappliedmostwidelyincardesigning.
[D]Scientistsareabletoworkinanartificialenvironmentthroughvirtualrealityapplications.
TextC
ThomasHardy’simpulsesasawriter,allofwhichheindulgedinhisnovels,werenumerousanddivergent,andtheydidnotalwaysworktogetherinharmony.Hardywastosomedegreeinterestedinexploringhischaracters’psychologies,thoughimpelledlessbycuriositythanbysympathy.Occasionallyhefelttheimpulsetocomedy(inallitsdetachedcoldness)aswellastheimpulsetofarce,buthewasmoreofteninclinedtoseetragedyandrecordit.Hewasalsoinclinedtoliteraryrealisminseveralsensesofthatphrase.Hewantedtodescribeordinaryhumanbeings:
hewantedtospeculateontheirdilemmasrationally(and,unfortunately,evenschematically);andhewantedtorecordpreciselythematerialuniverse.Finally,hewantedtobemorethanarealist.Hewantedtotranscendwhatheconsideredtobetrivialityofsolelyrecordingthingsexactlyandtoexpressaswellhisawarenessofthemysteriousandthestrange.
Inhisnovelsthesevariousimpulsesweresacrificedtoeachotherofteninevitably.AsHardydidnotcareinthewaythatnovelistssuchasFlaubertorJamescared,thereforehetookpathsofleastresistance.Thusoneimpulseoftensurrenderedtoafresheroneand,unfo