日照市最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题附答案.docx
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日照市最新高考英语阅读理解复习题附答案
日照市最新高考英语阅读理解复习题(附答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobecomeshort-sightedinlatelife,astudyhasshown.
Asmanyasaquarterofallcasesofshort-sightednessarecausedbytoogreatanexposuretosunlightinthefirstweeksoflife,sayeyeexperts.
Theyareadvisingallparentstoputsunglassesontheirbabiesduringthefirstweeks.
Scientistshadalreadyestablishedthatover-exposuretosunlightcausedshortsightednessinanimals.
Researcherswhocomparedthemonthsinwhichbabieswerebornwithwhethertheyneededglasseslateronsaytheprinciplealsoappliestohumans.
Astudyofalmost300,000youngadults-thelargestofitskind-showedthatthoseborninJuneandJulyhada25percentgreaterchanceofbecomingseverelyshort-sightedthanthoseborninDecemberorJanuary.
ResearchleaderProfessorMichaelBelkin,ofTelAvivUniversity,saiditwasbecauseprolongedillumination(光照)causestheeyeballtolengthen-causingshort-sightedness.
Hencethemorelightanewbornisexposedto,themoretheeyeballlengthensandtheworsetheshort-sightednesswillbe.
Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin(褪黑激素),apigment(色素)whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.
Inyoungbabiesnotenoughmelatoninisreleasedasprotection,meaningtheyaremorevulnerabletosunburnandchangestoeyeballshape.
SightexpertProfessorDanielO'Leary,ofAngliaRuskinUniversityinCambridge,said"Atthemomentwedon'tknowtheprecisecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight,buttheevidenceseemstoprovethatitisoneofthereasonsforpeoplebecomingshortsighted."
(1)Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobeshortsighted____________.
A. becausethesummersunistoostrongforbabies
B. becausebabiesborninsummerhavelengthenedeyeballs
C. iftheyareexposedtoomuchsunlightinthefirstweeksaftertheyarebornD
ifparentsdon'tknowaproperwaytoprotecttheirbabies'eyes
(2)Melatoninisakindofmaterialto___________.
A. preventtheeyesfrombecomingnear-sighted
B. protecttheskinfromharmfulsunrays
C. makeourbodystrong D. protectbabies'eyesfromsummersun
(3)FromwhatProfessorDanielO'Learysayswecanconcludethat___________.
A. thereisnoevidencethatshortsightednessisrelatedtoexposuretosunlight
B. whetherlightexposureaffectssightstillneedstobefurtherproved
C. hebelievesthatlightexposurecancauseshortsightedness
D. hetriestogivethecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight
(4)Theunderlinedword"vulnerable"inthepassageprobablymeans__________.
A. easytobeharmed
B. resistant
C. protective
D. changeable
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼,眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段和第二段可知,眼科专家称:
在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼,因为由于婴儿在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第三段中的“Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin(褪黑激素),apigment(色素)whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.“可知,褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。
故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段可知,剑桥大学的 视学专家DanielO'Leary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。
故选C。
(4)考查词义猜测。
在婴幼儿时期,没有产生足够的褪黑激素作为保护,婴幼儿更容易被阳光灼伤,并且改变眼球的形状。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
DemandfortheChinesetechcompany'sdevices(设备)isredhoteventhoughthecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingsmallerHuawei'sChinasalesrocketedmorethan20%inthefinalquarterof2018,andexpertssaythat'spartlyduetotheUSgovernment'sglobalcampaignagainstthecompany.
“ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(爱国主义)inChineseconsumers,saidJusyHong,ananalystatresearchfirmIHSMarkit.
HepointedoutthatsomeChinesecompaniesencouragedemployeestobuyHuaweiphoneslatelastyear.Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.
Huawei'sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriestoshutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues(追究)criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'sbiggestsmartphonemakerbynextyear.
Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple(AAPL),accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.
Huawei'ssuccessinChina,theworld'slargestsmartphonemarket,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics(地缘政治).Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-end-phonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotargetabiggermarket.
ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE(ZTCOF),arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommunicationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.
(1)WhydidHuawei'sChinasalesincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?
A. Becausethecompany'sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.
B. BecauseChineseconsumers'patriotismwasaroused.
C. BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.
D. Becausethecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingbigger.
(2)Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?
A. Huawei'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadaduetotheUS'srequest.
B. AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.
C. JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawei'schieffinancialofficer.
D. JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'schieffinancialofficerisunfair.
(3)Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?
A. increasedgreatlyby.
B. reducedgreatlyto.
C. droppedgreatlyby.
D. remainedsteady.
(4)WhyisHuawei'ssuccessinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?
A. BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.
B. BecauseHuawei'ssuccessisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.
C. BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.
D. BecauseChineseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(爱国主义)inChineseconsumers,"可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起,华为在中国的销售量大增。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.”可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。
故选A。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据上文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌,故推测此处“plunged”意为销量下降。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.”可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
AgreatnumberofspeciesmaketheirhomeinthevastwatersoftheAtlanticOcean.Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.Sargassumisanalga(海藻)thatfloatsinmassesthatcancontinueformiles.ThewatersoftheGulfStreampushthewaterinanorthwardmoveintothisarea.Thisconstantmoveandvaryingtemperaturesupporttheaccumulationofthebrown-coloredseaweed.
TheSargassoSeaissoenormousthatonemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem.Researchershaveneededtoemployseveralmethodsofsampling.Methodssuchasdraggingnetsoverthesurfaceofthewaterandvideotapingbeneathareasofsargassumhaveservedscientistswell.InformationcollectedhasshownthattheGulfStreampushesbrownalgaefromopenwaterintotheSargassoSeaarea,creatingadiversefloatinghabitatinanareathatwouldotherwisenotsupportthatwildlife.
InthemostrecentstudyofthesargassumcommunityofftheshoresofNorthCarolina,eighty-onefishspeciesweredocumentedasusingtheareaasamicrohabitat.Thisisanincreasefrompreviousstudies.Thetypesoffishfoundherearebothcommerciallyandenvironmentallyimportant.TheSouthAtlanticFisheryManagementCouncilisworkingtoregulatetheharvestingofsargassum.TheCouncilhopestohavetheareaclassifiedasanEssentialFishHabitat.Whichwouldafforditcertainprotections.
FurtherresearchneedstobedonebeforescientistsunderstandhowtobestprotecttheSargassoSeaaswellasunderstandhowitgoesaboutsupportingsomanyimportanttypesofwildlife.
(1)Theauthoruses"enormous"inparagraph2tostressthat .
A. theAtlanticOceanisreallyamazingintermsofitssizeandarea
B. whattheresearchersdoishighlyrespectedbyscientificcommunity
C. theresearchworkiscomplexbecausealargeareamustbecovered
D. alargeamountofmoneyfortheSargassoSearesearchisneeded
(2)Itcanbeinferredfromthephrase"neededtobedone"inparagraph4thattheauthorthinks .
A.theSargassoecosystemisworthourattentionandneedsmorestudy
B.thescientificcommunityhasignoredthiscomplexecosys