南通市最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案.docx

南通市最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案.docx

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南通市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习及答案

南通市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.

   DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.

   Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The"winner,"iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.

   "Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,"saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics."Evenants（蚂蚁）candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It'sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines."

   Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere'sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.

（1）Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause_____.

A. theydidnothaveanyhumanguidance

B. theroadwasnotfamiliartothedrivers

C. thedistancewastoolongforthevehicles

D. theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers

（2）DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto_____.

A. raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehicles

B. pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustry

C. trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesert

D. improvethevehiclesforfuturewars

（3）Fromthepassageweknow"roboticvehicles"areakindofmachinesthat_____.

A. candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcan

B. cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimit

C. canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedown

D. canmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings

（4）Inthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo______.

A. foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficulties

B. foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetable

C. foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolve

D. foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，并介绍了这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.”车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。

可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.”美国国防部高级研究计划局（DARPA）组织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。

可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.”但这项被称为“大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。

可以推断出“roboticvehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“sheismoreadvanced...thananymachine...”可知机器远不如人的智力。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．（2019•天津）阅读理解

   WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？

Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

   Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:

whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？

   We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

   Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

   Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

   Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我）,whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

   Manyofusequate（视……等同于）"commitment"withsuch"caring"occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

（1）ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.

A. lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B. ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C. miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D. disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？

A. Endone'sstruggleforliberty.                          B. Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C. Misstheopportunitytosucceed.                   

D. Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

（3）WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A. Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B. Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C. Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D. Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

（4）WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A. Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B. Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C. Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D. Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

（5）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A. Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B. Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C. Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D. Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。

（1）考查推理判断。

第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“welosethesenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。

（5）考查主旨大意。

本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion（万亿）connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.

   ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"A-B-B".Anotherorderwasmu-ba-ge.Thisisthepattern“A-B-C”.Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.Theyalsoweresensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.