近五年高考语法填空词性转换总结.docx

近五年高考语法填空词性转换总结.docx

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近五年高考语法填空词性转换总结

词性转换一直以来都是高考英语语法填空的必考点。

这一考点涉及到构词法，尤其是词的派生。

今天小编将近五年高考题中语法填空题涉及的词性转换题整理出来，再对高考的词性转换进行分类总结，最后就派生词的前缀和后缀进行分类讲解，希望可以为同学们解答这一类题型助力。

一、近五年高考语法填空词性转换总结

▲ 2019 年

2019全国I 卷

Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen    62    （poor）studied.

InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa   66   （believe）thatpopulationsareincreasing. 

2019全国II卷

Heryearsofhardworkhave    63    （final）beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.

Wearesoproudofher.It’s    70    （wonder）. 

2019全国III卷

Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting    66   （compete）towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany    67   （tradition）storiesaboutHawaiithatwere   68   （huge）popularwithtourists.

2019浙江

Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan   60  （easy）seethem.

OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno    64   （connect）betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.

Schooluniformsare    65   （tradition）inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem. 

2019北京

Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand    10    （meaning）collegeexperience. ▲ 2018 年

2018全国I 卷

Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto    68     （strength）yourlegmuscles（肌肉）,avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways   69    （energy）.

2018全国II卷

Atasteformeatis   63  （actual）behindthechange:

Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.

Thisswitchhasdecreased   66  （pollute）inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal   67  （globe）fertilizerconsumption. 

2018全国III卷

MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma    66   （science）whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.

2018浙江卷

Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe    62    （afford）butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.

Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein    64    （weigh）problems. ▲ 2017 年

2017全国I卷

Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack （吃点心）betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be     69    （care）nottogotoextremes.

2017全国II卷

Steamengines wereused topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen     66   （fair） unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.

Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe    69     （introduce）ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost   70    （success）ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900. 

2017全国III卷

Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher    66   （educate）. 

Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling. Itis    70    （certain）funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.

2017浙江卷

Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda     57    （shine）object.

 ▲ 2016 年

2016全国I卷

Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop    61    （attract）.

Thetitlewillbe    63    （official）giventomeataceremonyinLondon. 

2016全国II卷

Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify（识别） thoseof greaterandlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof      42    （achieve）.

Recent studies showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks    47    （regular）. 

2016全国III卷

Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich    46   （gradual） turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius, wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C. influencedthe    48    （develop） ofchopsticks.

 ▲ 2015 年

2015全国I卷

Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit    69    （regular）arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople livinginShanghaiandHongKong.

2015全国II卷

Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir   63    （able）to“aircondition” ahousewithout usingelectricequipment.

Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat    65     （slow）duringcoolnights.

As    69    （nature）architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly howthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays. 答案▲ 2019 年2019全国I 卷62.poorly   66.belief2019全国II卷63.finally  70.wonderful2019全国III卷66.competition 67.traditional 68.hugely2019浙江60. easily64. connection/ connections   65. traditional2019北京10.meaningful

▲ 2018 年2018全国I 卷68.strengthen 69.energetic2018全国II卷63.actually 66.pollution 67.global2018全国III卷66.scientist2018浙江卷62.affordable 64.weight

▲ 2017 年2017全国I卷69.careful2017全国II卷66.fairly 69.introduction 70.successful2017全国III卷66.education 70.certainly2017浙江卷57.shiny/shining

▲ 2016 年2016全国I卷61.attraction    63.officially   2016全国II卷42.achievement  47.regularly    2016全国III卷46.gradually 48.development

▲ 2015 年2015全国I卷69.regularly2015全国II卷63.ability   65.slowly   69.natural

二、近五年考点分类总结

1.形容词→ 副词

poor—poorly；final—finally；huge—hugely；easy—easily；actual—actually；fair—fairly；certain—certainly；official—officially；regular—regularly；gradual—gradually；slow—slowly

2.动词 →  名词

believe—belief；compete—competition；connect—connection；pollute—pollution；weigh—weight；introduce—introduction；educate—education；attract—attraction；achieve— achievement；develop—development

3.名词 →  形容词  

wonder—wonderful；tradition—traditional；meaning—meaningful；globe—global；success—successful；care—careful；nature—natural；energy—energetic

4.动词 →  形容词

afford—affordable

shine—shiny/shining；

5.形容词 →  名词

able—ability

6.名词 →  动词

strength—strengthen

7.名词 →  名词（人）

science—scientist

三、常见前缀后缀盘点

前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性；后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。

01

后缀

副词后缀

副词后缀 -ly：

absolutely,completely,exactly,extremely,frequently,obviously,particularly,similarly,suddenly

形容词后缀

-able/-ible：

reasonable,flexible,reliable,valuable,accessible,considerable

-ive：

effective,sensitive,attractive,impressive

-al/-ial：

practical, beneficial,financial,facial,mental,personal

-ate：

considerate,fortunate

-ful：

powerful,successful,wonderful,fearful,respectful,skillful,thoughtful,shameful

-ly：

likely,lively,lonely,deadly,elderly,hourly,yearly, daily

-ent：

confident,convenient,independent,different,violent

-less:

countless,homeless,useless,breathless,effortless,selfless

-y:

guilty,healthy,hungry,sleepy,tasty,thirsty,wealthy,worthy,dusty

-ic：

energetic,scientific,fantastic

-ary/-ory：

contradictory,documentary,imaginary

-ous：

obvious,various,adventurous,ambitious,courageous,disastrous,mountainous

名词后缀

-ity/-ty/-y：

curiosity,responsibility,safety,security,similarity,necessity

-ance/-ence：

appearance,performance,acceptance,confidence,preference,significance

-sion/-tion：

contribution,decision,impression,admission,concentration,discussion,donation

-th：

strength,depth,growth,length,warmth,width

-ment：

achievement,treatment,amusement,arrangement,excitement,improvement

-ure/-ture/-ature：

failure,pressure,exposure,mixture,signature

-ing：

building,suffering,understanding,warning

-al：

approval,arrival,survival

-cy：

accuracy,fluency,frequency,privacy

-ness：

awareness,coldness,weakness

动词后缀

-ate:

concentrate,accelerate,advocate,regulate

-（e）n:

broaden,fasten,frighten,sharpen,strengthen,darken,deepen,harden,lengthen

-（i）fy：

satisfy,clarify,classify,identify,qualify,simplify,terrify

-ize/ -ise:

apologize,organize,realize,recognize

名词后缀（人）

-ar/-er/-or：

conductor,director,engineer,beggar,employer,instructor,interviewer,lawyer,liar

-ist：

artist,novelist,specialist,tourist,pianist, scientist,violinist

-ant ：

accountant,assistant,servant

02

前缀

anti- 反对，对抗；相反；防（止）：

anti-aging,anti-anxiety,anti-virus,antifreeze

dis- 不，否定，相反：

disadvantage,discourage,dishonest,dislike,disorder

il-/im-/in-/ir- 不，非，无：

illegal,impatient,impossible,inexpensive,immoral,inconvenient,irregular

mis- 错误的；坏的；不，相反：

misfortune,misunderstand,mislead,mistrust

non- 无，不，非：

nonprofit,nonsense,nonsmoking,nonstop,non-recycling

un- 不；表示相反的动作：

unable,unexpected,unfortunate,unusual,unfair,unforgettable,unnecessary

co- 和……一起，共同：

cooperate,co-discover,co-renter,co-worker

en- 使处于……状态，使具有……特性；围住：

enable,encourage,enjoy,endanger,enlarge,enrich,ensure

extra- 在……之外，超出；非常，格外：

extraordinary, extra-large,extra-strong

inter- 在……之间，相互：

interrupt,interview, interaction,international,Internet,interval

micro- 极小的，微小的：

microbiology,microphone,microscope,microwave

mini- （同类中）特小的，微型的：

minibus,minicomputer,miniskirt

multi- 多于一的，多的：

 multimedia,multinational,multitask

pre- 在……之前，预先：

predict, prejudice,prepaid,preview

re- 再，重新：

remind,remove,replace,return,review,react,reaction

tele- 远 （距离）的；电视的；使用电话的：

telephone,telescope,television,telesales

trans- 横穿，横贯；表示变化：

transform,translate,transport,transportation,transplant