高一英语Earthquakes语法与阅读训练.docx
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高一英语Earthquakes语法与阅读训练
第九讲Earthquakes(语法与阅读训练)
适用学科
高中英语
适用年级
高中一年级
适用区域
人教新课标版
课时时长(分钟)
90
知识点
1.定语从句关系代词与关系副词的区别;
2.限定性和非限定性定语从句;
3.只能用which引导的定语从句;
4.只能用that引导的定语从句;
5.定语从句中关系代词作主语时谓语的形式;
6.人生百味类阅读;
7.理解主旨和要义;
8.理解文中具体信息;
9.作出判断和推理。
教学目标
1.掌握定语从句的定义,三要素,以及关系代词的区别;
2.通过练习掌握定语从句的解题方法。
教学重点
1.that和which区别;
2.whose用法;
3.定语从句中谓语动词的单复数
教学难点
如何去区分关系代词以及定语从句的解题方法
复习预习
burstintotears/laughter=burstoutcrying/laughing_________________________________
asif=asthough__________________rightaway________________________________
beatanend_________________lieinruins________________________________
insteadof________________rescuesb./sth.fromsb./sp.______________________
anumberof...__________________judgingby/from________________________
fallintoatrap:
becaughtinatrap______________________________________
beburiedin/buryoneselfin/beabsorbedin______________________________
知识讲解
知识点定语从句
例句体会
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮了一个迷路的老人。
This is the pen which he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全世界有名的科学家。
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthepark.我永远不会忘记我们第一次在公园见面的那天。
自我探究
1.在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫___________。
2.引导定语从句的词有两种:
关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等,关系副词有_________________________等。
3.关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,有三个作用:
(1)连接主从句(引导定语从句);
(2)指代先行词;(3)在定语从句中做句子成分。
4.定语从句一般位于先行词后面。
归纳拓展
1.who的用法
who引导定语从句时,在从句中做主语或宾语,(做宾语时可省)先行词是人。
Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeoutoftrouble.他就是那个帮我解决困难的人。
2.whom的用法
whom引导定语从句时,在从句中做宾语,(可省)先行词是人。
Thedoctorwhom/whoyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那个医生在房间里。
[注意]①whom引导定语从句时不能用作从句的主语。
②whom可以构成“介词+whom”引导定语从句
3.whose的用法
whose引导定语从句时,在从句中做定语,意思为:
“……的”,表示所属关系,其先行词可以是人,也可以是物。
He’slivinginaroomwhosewindowfacestheeast.他住在一个窗户朝东的房间里。
TheboywhosespokenEnglishisexcellentdrawsourattention.
那个英语口语极好的男孩引起了我们的注意。
[知识拓展]
“whose+n”引导的定语从句相当于“the+n+of+which/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+the+n.”引导的定语从句
①Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisyellowandblack.
=pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisyellowandblack.
请把那本封面是黑黄相间的书递给我。
②Wesawsomepeoplewhosecarhadbrokendown.
=Wesawsomepeoplethecarofwhomhadbrokendown.
4.which的用法
which引导定语从句时,在从句中做主语或宾语,(做宾语时可省)先行词是物。
Theyfinallyreachedastorehousethat/whichusedtobeachurch.
他们最后到了一个曾经是一个教堂的仓库那里。
5.只用that的情况:
1先行词是不定代词_________________________________________________________等时。
I‘lldoeverythingthatIcan(do)tohelpyou.
2当先行词被all,few,little,theonly,any,no,thevery等修饰时。
I’vereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.
HeistheverymanthatIamlookingfor.
3当先行词被_________________________________________修饰时。
ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.
It’sthemostinterestingbookthatI‘veeverread.
4当先行词既有人又有物时。
Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.
5当theway做先行词且引导词在从句中做状语时,引导词用that或inwhich,也可省略。
Ihatetheway(that)/(inwhich)hetalkstohiswife.我讨厌他和他妻子说话的方式。
6一些以which/who开头的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复,用that引导。
Whichisthebookthatyouwant?
Whoisthechildthatlosthiskey?
7关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(只限于限定性定语从句)。
Heisnotthepersonthathewas30yearsago.
6.以下情况时,只用who(m)/which,不用that
1.当先行詞是__________________________等代詞时,关系代詞用who.Thosewhowerelateforclassraiseyourhands.
2.关系词指人,且在介词的后面,只能用whom。
Jackistheboytowhomweshouldofferhelp.
3.先行词为this/that或被this/that修饰时,只能用which。
7.when,where,why与that, which的区分
指时间,地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,用that/which引导,作状语时,用when/where/why引导定语从句。
ThisisthemuseumwhereIwentlastmonth.(作状语)
ThisisthemuseumwhichIvisitedlastyear.(作宾语)
8.as引导的非限制性定语从句的用法
Asweallknow,theGreatWallofChinahasbecomeworld-famous.
Chinaisadevelopingcountry,asisknowntoall.
as引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句的内容。
从句可放在主句前,主句后或主句中间。
固定用法:
Asweallknow/Asiswellknown(toall)众所周知
Asyousee如你所见Asweexpect正如我们所预料的那样
Asoftenhappens正如经常发生的AsIcanremember正如我所记得的
Ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述Asismentionedabove如上所述
9.定语从句中主谓一致原则
Thecarwhichwasredwasdamagedyesterday.
Peoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreached400,000.
定语从句中谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。
注意:
Sheisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedatthemeetingyesterday.
Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedatthemeetingyesterday.
10.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别:
(1)辨析:
1)Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor.我有一个医生的姐姐。
(姐姐不止一个)
Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。
(只有一个姐姐)
2)Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。
(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)
3)HisfatherwhoisinBeijingwillreturntoYanchengnextweek.(×)
Hisfather,whoisinBeijing,willreturntoYanchengnextweek.(√)
(2)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句:
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
和先行词关系密切(删去影响整个意思表达)
不用逗号隔开
可用关系代词that
关系代词可省略(但在从句中作宾语)
只可修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分
暗示被修饰的先行词不是唯一的
翻译时先翻译从句在翻译主句
例题精析
【例题1】
【题干】Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm____wevisitedthreemonthsago?
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what
【例题2】
【题干】Ihavemanyfriends,_______somearebusinessmen.
A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom
【例题3】
【题干】Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.
A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that
【例题4】
【题干】Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,______hassurprisedusall.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
【例题5】
【题干】Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.
A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where
【例题6】
【题干】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.
A.whoB.thatC.asD.what
【例题7】
【题干】InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.
A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that
【例题8】
【题干】—Whendidyourcousinbegintoshowhisinterestinmedicine?
—ItwasaSaturday________henoticedhisuncleexperimentingonafroginhislab.
A.thatB.whatC.whenD.which
【例题9】
【题干】Thereare51studentsinClassThree,________failedinthetest.
A.allofwhichB.allofthemC.noneofwhomD.noneofthem
【例题10】
【题干】Thetimeisdrawingnear________foodraisedinSpacewilldirectlybenefitmankind.
A.whereB.whenC.whetherD.why
同步训练
【基础】
1.Inourclassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.
A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem
2.Theprizewillgotothewriterstoryshowsthemostimagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
3.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
4.Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that
5.GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.
A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich
6.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
7.Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.
A.whomB.whereC.thatD.which
8.Thestudentwillneverforgetthosedays severalsoldierstookturnstolookafterhimaftertheearthquake.
A.that B.whichC.whenD.where
9.Wewentthroughaperiod communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.
A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
10.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
11.Thereason I’mwritingtoyouistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.
A.becauseB.whyC.whichD.what
12.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whose
13.Generallyspeaking,themediacanoftenhelpsolveproblemsanddrawattentiontothecases______helpisneeded.
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.whose
14.Samhaswrittenabookthenameof I’veforgotten.
A.itB.thatC.whichD.whose
15.Thetwothings theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.
A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich
【巩固】
改正下列各个句子中的时态错误。
1.Myfatheroftentellsmethethingsandpersonswhomhemetinthepast.
2.HeisthemanfromhimIheardthenews.
3.Thebuildingwhichroomsarebigandcleanisourteachingbuilding.
4.Thereisnotmuchwhichcanbedone.
5.ThisistheveryfilmwhichIhavelongwishedtosee.
6.Thereisaboystudentdownstairswhomwantstoseeyou.
7.Isthisthenewnovelaboutthatyouhavetalkedsomuch?
8.Hekeptarecordofeverythingwhathesawthere.
【拔高】
阅读理解
ApowerfulearthquakestruckthenortheasterncoastofJapanat2:
46p.m.localtimeonMarch11th,2011.Japan'sMeteorologicalAgencyreleaseditsfirsttsunamiwarningsjustthreeminuteslater.Thecountryhasoneofthebestearthquakeearlywarningsystemsintheworld.
Thereareover4,000SeismicIntensityMeters(地震烈度测量仪)inplacethroughoutJapantomeasureearthquakeactivity.Thesemetersprovideinformationwithintwominutesofanearthquakehappening.Informationaboutthestrengthandthecenteroftheearthquakecanbelearnedwithinthreeminutes.TherearealsoconcreteseawallsaroundmuchoftheJapanesecoastline.Butthesemeasuresprovednomatchforthepowerfulearthquakeandtsunami.
CastasSynolakisisatsunamiexpertinLosAngeles.Hesays,“Japanisoneofthosemostwell-preparedcountriesonearthintermsoftsunamiwarning.Theyhadawarning.Ithinkwhatwentwrongisthat