考研英语真题.docx

考研英语真题.docx

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考研英语真题

20XX年

SectionⅠListeningComprehension

（略）

SectionⅡUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency（crimescommittedbyyoungpeople）focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories（21）ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior（22）theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough（23）withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin（24）totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus（25）asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.

Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,（26）thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes（27）lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare（28）tocriticism.

Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly（29）juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat（30）tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment（31）makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin（32）leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.

Familieshavealso（33）changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;（34）,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome（35）wascommoninthetraditionalfamily（36）.Thisla&ofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other（37）causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased（38）ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing（39）ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,（40）adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.

21.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering[D]cemmenting

22.[A]before[B]unless[C]until[D]because

23.[A]interactions[B]assimilation[C]cooperation[D]consultation

24.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference[D]response

25.[A]or[B]butrather[C]but[D]orelse

26.[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting[D]discarding

27.[A]on[B]in[C]for[D]with

28.[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive[D]subject

29.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]check[D]reflect

30.[A]point[B]lead[C]come[D]amount

31.[A]ingeneral[B]onaverage[C]bycontrast[D]atlength

32.[A]case[B]short[C]turn[D]essence

33.[A]survived[B]noticed[C]undertaken[D]experienced

34.[A]contrarily[B]consequently[C]similarly[D]simultaneously

35.[A]than[B]that[C]which[D]as

36.[A]system[B]structure[C]concept[D]heritage

37.[A]assessable[B]identifiable[C]negligible[D]incredible

38.[A]expense[B]restriction[C]allocation[D]availability

39.[A]incidence[B]awareness[C]exposure[D]popularity

40.[A]provided[B]since[C]although[D]supposing

SectionⅢReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerCantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite's"personalsearchagent".It'saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,andWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening."Istruckgold,"saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.

Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:

"Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility,"saysoneexpert.

Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept--whatyouthinkyouwanttodo--thenbroadenit."Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,"saysanotherexpert."There'snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis."Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain."Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,"saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.

Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite'sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs--thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem--andtheydo."Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,"saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.

Eventhosewhoaren'thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder."Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,"hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.

41.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?

[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.

[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.

[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.

[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.

42.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?

[A]Lackofcounseling.

[B]Limitednumberofvisits.

[C]Lowerefficiency.

[D]Lowersuccessfulmatches.

43.Theexpression"tipservice"（Line3,Paragraph3）mostprobablymeans______.

[A]advisory[B]compensation[C]interaction[D]reminder

44.WhydoesCareerSite'sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?

[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.

[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.

[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.

[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.

45.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.

[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.

[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.

[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.

Text2

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:

alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors（includinghisfather）hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged（Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi）.Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers（Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami）areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen（Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht）.

Canthismerelybecoincidence?

Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:

alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.

[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.

[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.

[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination.

47.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

[A]InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.

[B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman