中国的社会保障状况和政策英文.docx

中国的社会保障状况和政策英文.docx

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中国的社会保障状况和政策英文

China'sSocialSecurityandItsPolicy（FullText）

2004-09-0710:

28:

28

    BEIJING,Sept.7（Xinhuanet）--TheInformationOfficeofChina'sStateCouncilonTuesdayissuedawhitepapertitled"China'sSocialSecurityandItsPolicy".Thefollowingisthefulltextofthedocument:

    China'sSocialSecurityandItsPolicy

    InformationOfficeoftheStateCouncilofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

    September2004,Beijing

    Contents

    Foreword

    IOld-AgeInsurance

    IIUnemploymentInsurance

    IIIMedicalInsurance

    IVInsuranceforWork-relatedInjuries

    VMaternityInsurance

    VISocialWelfare

    VIISpecialCareandPlacement

    VIIISocialRelief

    IXHousingSecurity

    XSocialSecurityinRuralAreas

    Conclusion

    FirstEdition2004ChinaInternetInformationCenter

    Homepage:

    E-mail:

infornew@

    ISBN7-80148-653-16

    PublishedbyNewStarPublishers24BaiwanzhuangRoad,Beijing100037,ChinaDistributedbyChinaInternationalBookTradingCorporation35ChegongzhuangXilu,Beijing100044,ChinaP.O.Box399,Beijing,ChinaPrintedinthePeople'sRepublicofChina

    Foreword

    Socialsecurityisoneofthemostimportantsocio-economicsystemsforacountryinmoderntimes.Toestablishandimproveasocialsecuritysystemcorrespondingtothelevelofeconomicdevelopmentisalogicalrequirementforcoordinatedeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Itisalsoanimportantguaranteeforthesocialstabilityandthelong-termpoliticalstabilityofacountry.

    Chinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountrywithalargepopulationintheworld,anditseconomicbaseisweakandthedevelopmentbetweenregionsandbetweentownandcountryisunbalanced.EstablishingasoundsocialsecuritysysteminChinaisanextremelyarduoustask.

    InlightofChina'sactualsituationandadheringtotheprincipleof"puttingpeoplefirst,"theChineseGovernmentattachesgreatimportanceanddevoteseveryefforttoestablishingandimprovingitssocialsecuritysystem.TheConstitutionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinastipulatesthatthestateshallestablishandimproveasocialsecuritysystemcorrespondingtothelevelofeconomicdevelopment.TheChineseGovernmentregardseconomicdevelopmentasthebasicprerequisiteforimprovingpeople'slivelihoodandeffectingsocialsecurity.

    Foralongtimebefore1978,whenChinaadoptedthereformandopening-uppolicies,Chinahadpracticedasocialsecuritypolicycorrespondingtoitsplannedeconomicsystem,providingsocialsecurityservicestoitspeopleasbestitcould.SinceChinaestablishedandimproveditssocialistmarketeconomysysteminthemid-1980saseriesofreformshavebeenintroducedtochangetheoldsocialsecuritysystempracticedundertheplannedeconomy,andabasicframeworkofasocialsecuritysystemhasbeensetupinChinacorrespondingtothemarketeconomysystem,withthecentralandlocalgovernmentssharingspecificresponsibilities.

    China'ssocialsecuritysystemincludessocialinsurance,socialwelfare,thespecialcareandplacementsystem,socialreliefandhousingservices.Asthecoreofthesocialsecuritysystem,socialinsuranceincludesold-ageinsurance,unemploymentinsurance,medicalinsurance,work-relatedinjuryinsuranceandmaternityinsurance.

 I.Old-AgeInsurance

    Chinaisnowanagingsociety.Astheagingofthepopulationquickens,thenumberofelderlypeopleisbecomingverylarge.Thistrendwillreachitspeakinthe2030s.Toguaranteethebasiclivingstandardsoftheelderlyandsafeguardtheirlegitimaterightsandinterests,theChineseGovernmenthascontinuouslyimprovedtheold-ageinsurancesystemandreformedthefund-raisingmodeinanattempttoestablishamulti-levelold-ageinsurancesystemmarkedbysustainabledevelopment.PromotingtheDevelopmentofaBasicOld-AgeInsuranceSystemforEmployeesinUrbanAreas

    --Reformingthebasicold-ageinsurancesystemforenterpriseemployeesinurbanareas.In1997,theChineseGovernmentunifiedthebasicold-ageinsurancesystemforenterpriseemployeesinurbanareasacrossthecountrybyimplementingasocial-pool-plus-personal-accountsscheme.Enterpriseemployeeswhohavereachedretirementageasprovidedbylaw（60formaleemployees,55forfemalecadresand50forfemaleworkers）andwhohavepaidtheirshareofthepremiumsfor15yearsormoreshallbeentitledtocollectabasicold-agepensioneverymonthafterretirement.Thebasicold-agepensionconsistsoftwoparts:

basepensionandpensionfrompersonalaccount.Themonthlysumofthebasepensionistantamounttoabout20percentofanemployee'saveragemonthlywageinthatareainthepreviousyear.Themonthlypensionsumfromthepersonalaccountis1/120ofthetotalaccumulatedsuminthepersonalaccount（11percentofanemployee'swagebeingdepositedeverymonthinthepensionsection）.Thestateadjuststhelevelofthebasicold-agepensionwithreferencetothepriceindexoflivingexpensesforurbanresidentsandemployees'payincreases.In2003,themonthlybasicpensionforenterpriseretireescoveredbythebasicold-ageinsuranceschemewas621yuanonaverage.

    --Expandingthecoverageofbasicold-ageinsurance.Initially,China'sbasicold-ageinsurancecoveredonlystate-ownedenterprisesandcollectively-ownedenterprisesinurbanareasandtheiremployees.In1999,thiscoveragewasexpandedtoincludeforeign-investedenterprises,privateenterprisesandothertypesofenterprisesinurbanareas,aswellastheiremployees.Allprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmentcanmakeprovisionstoincludepersonsengagedinindividualbusinessesofindustryorcommerceinthebasicold-ageinsuranceinaccordancewiththespecificconditionsintheirlocalities.In2002Chinaexpandeditsbasicold-ageinsurancecoveragetoallthosewhowereemployedinaflexiblemannerinurbanareas.In2003,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginthebasicold-ageinsuranceschemeacrossChinareached155.06million,116.46millionofwhomwereemployees.

    --Undertakingexperimentalreformsinselectedareastoimprovethebasicold-ageinsurancesystem.In2001,theChineseGovernmentbegantocarryoutpilotprojectsalongthisline.Thereformincludes:

graduallyestablishingpersonalaccountssothatfundscanbeaccumulated,andprobingwaysofpreservingandincreasingthevalueofthefunds;changingthewaythebasepensioniscalculatedandpaid,wherebytheamountofbasepensionismorecloselylinkedtothelengthoftimeoftheemployee'spremiumpayment,andifanemployeehasparticipatedinthebasicold-ageinsuranceprogramandpaidthepremiumsfor15years,heorshewillbeentitledtoahigherrateofpensionforeveryadditionalyearofpayment;unifyingtheproceduresofpremiumpaymentbythosewhoareemployedinaflexiblemanner,wherebythebaseoftheirpremiumpaymentisuniformlysetat20percentoftheaveragewageoflocalemployees.ThepilotprojectwasfirstconductedinLiaoningProvince,andhasbeenexpandedtoJilinandHeilongjiangprovincesin2004.

 --Probingthereformoftheretirementsystemofgovernmentagenciesandpublicinstitutions.InChinatheretirementandpensionsystemingovernmentagenciesandpublicinstitutionsisdifferentfromthatappliedinenterprises.In2003,therewere670,000retireeswhohadjoinedtherevolutionaryranksbeforeOctober1949and9,310,000otherretireesfromtheseagenciesandinstitutions.Inthe1990s,somelocalitiesinChinabegantoprobetheproceduresofreformingtheretirementsysteminsuchagenciesandinstitutions.Pilotprojectswereconductedtoraisetheretirementpensionfundsthroughthesocialpoolprogram.Bytheendof2003,some11.99millionemployeesand2.58millionretireeshadparticipatedinsuchpilotprojects.

    RaisingFundsforBasicOld-AgeInsuranceThroughMultipleChannels

    Astheagingofthepopulationquickensandthenumberofretireesincreasessteadily,thepressureonthepaymentoffundsforbasicold-ageinsuranceisbecomingevergreater.Inordertomakesurethatbasicpensionsarepaidinfullandontime,theChineseGovernmentisraisingsuchfundsthroughmultiplechannels.

    --Practicingjointpremiumpaymentbybothenterprisesandemployees.Generallythepremiumspaidbyenterpriseswillnotexceed20percentofthetotalwagebilloftheenterprise,withthespecificproportionbeingdeterminedbythepeople'sgovernmentsofprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment.Individualemployeespayeightpercentoftheirwagesaspremiums,whereasself-employedindividualsandthosewhoareemployedinaflexiblemannerinurbanareaspayanamountequaltoabout18percentoftheaveragewageintheirlocality.In2003,thebasicold-ageinsurancepremiumpaidbyenterprisesnationwidetotaled259.5billionyuan.

    --Increasingthesubsidyoutlayfromthegovernmentfinancialbudgetforbasicold-ageinsurancefunds.Thestatehascalledupongovernmentsatalllevelstoincreasethemomentumofrestructuringtheirfinancialexpenditureandraisetheirinputintosocialsecurity.In2003,statebudgetsatalllevelscontributed54.4billionyuantowardbasicold-ageinsurancefunds,ofwhich47.4billionyuancamefromthecentralbudget.

    --Establishinganationalsocialsecurityfund.In2000,theChineseGovernmentdecidedtocreateanationalsocialsecurityfund.Itssourcesinclude:

fundsacquiredfromreducingstateshareholding,stockownershipassets,fundsfromthecentralbudget,fundsraisedby