第四章托收方式.docx

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第四章托收方式.docx

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第四章托收方式.docx

第四章托收方式

第四章托收方式

第一节托收概述

一、托收的定义

Article2DefinitionofCollection

a.“Collection”meansthehandlingbybanksofdocumentsinaccordancewithinstructionsreceivedinorderto:

i.obtainpaymentand/oracceptance,or

ii.deliverdocumentsagainstpaymentand/oragainstacceptance,or

iii.deliverdocumentsonothertermsandconditions.

b.“Documents”meansfinancialdocumentsand/orcommercialdocuments:

i.“Financialdocuments”meansbillsofexchange,promissorynotes,cheques,orothersimilarinstrumentsusedforobtainingthepaymentofmoney.

ii.“Commercialdocuments”meansinvoices,transportdocumentsoftitleorothersimilarinstruments,oranyotherdocumentswhatsoever,notbeingfinancialdocuments.

c.“Cleancollection”meanscollectionoffinancialdocumentsnotaccompaniedbycommercialdocuments.

d.“Documentarycollection”meanscollectionof:

i.financialdocumentsaccompaniedbycommercialdocuments;

ii.commercialdocumentsnotaccompaniedbyfinancialdocuments.

——UniformRulesforCollection(ICCPublicationNo.522)

二、托收当事人

1.Principal(委托人):

委托银行办理托收业务的人。

他通常是Exporter,Seller,Drawer,Consignor(托运人)。

也可以是托收汇票的收款人。

2.RemittingBank(托收行):

接受委托办理托收业务的银行,又称寄单行。

他通常是Exporter’sBank,PayeeoftheCollectionBill。

3.CollectingBank(代收行):

接受托收行委托,参与办理托收业务的银行。

他通常是Importer’sBank,PayeeoftheCollectionBill。

4.PresentingBank(提示行):

向汇票付款人提示承兑/付款的银行,通常就是代收行本身,有时也可以是另一家银行。

5.Drawee(付款人)

他通常是Importer,Buyer,DraweeoftheCollectionBill。

托收业务中的契约关系:

出口商与托收行之间的契约——托收申请书。

托收行与代收行之间的契约——托收指示。

三、托收方式的种类

(一)光票托收(CleanCollection)

指金融单据托收,不伴随商业单据。

在国际贸易中,通常是货运单据直接寄交买方,仅将汇票(有时也可附发票等非货运单据)委托银行托收。

托收的款项一般是贸易从属费用。

(二)跟单托收(DocumentaryCollection)

指金融单据伴随商业单据的托收,或商业单据不伴随金融单据的托收。

(三)直接托收(DirectCollection)

委托人征得托收行同意,直接将托收单据寄代收行。

URC522不愿承认不经银行办理的托收业务,故未将其包括在规则之中。

四、托收指示和托收汇票

(一)托收指示

托收指示(CollectionInstruction)即是寄送托收单据的面函(CoveringLetter)。

托收指示的重要性:

1.每笔托收业务必须附有一个单独的托收指示。

2.代收行仅受托收指示的指导。

3.代收行没有义务审核单据以获得指示。

Article4CollectionInstruction

a.i.AlldocumentssentforcollectionmustbeaccompaniedbyacollectioninstructionindicatingthatthecollectionissubjecttoURC522andgivingcompleteandpreciseinstructions.Banksareonlypermittedtoactupontheinstructionsgiveninsuchcollectioninstruction,andinaccordancewiththeseRules.

ii.Bankswillnotexaminedocumentsinordertoobtaininstructions.

iii.Unlessotherwiseauthorizedinthecollectioninstruction,bankswilldisregardanyinstructionsfromanyparty/bankotherthantheparty/bankfromwhomtheyreceivedthecollection.

(二)托收汇票当事人及其背书

托收汇票(CollectionBill/Draft)的当事人:

Drawer:

theexporter,theseller

Drawee:

theimporter,thebuyer

Payee:

(1)drawer;

(2)remittingbank;(3)collectingbank

即期托收汇票示样:

ExchangeforHKD21500.00Tianjin,15April,2002

D/PAtsightofthisFirstofExchange(Secondofthesametenoranddateunpaid)

paytotheorderof

TheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina

Hongkongdollarstwentyonethousandfivehundredonly

Drawnagainstshipmentof16cartonsofCashmerecoatsfromTianjintoHongkongforcollection

ToSunlightGarmentsCompany,

314LockyRoad,ForTianjinTextileImportand

HongkongExporterCorp.,Tianjin

signature

 

托收汇票的背书有三种情况:

1.委托人/出口商是payee时,

(1)委托人作空白背书将汇票交托收行;

(2)托收行作托收记名背书将汇票交代收行。

2.托收行是payee时,托收行作托收记名背书将汇票交代收行。

3.代收行是payee时,无需背书。

托收汇票的的期限:

(1)即期;

(2)远期;(3)固定日期后一段时间。

Article5Presentation

b.Thecollectioninstructionshouldstatetheexactperiodoftimewithinwhichanyactionistobetakenbythedrawee.

Expressionsuchas“first”,“prompt”,“immediate”andthelikeshouldnotbeusedinconnectionwithpresentationorwithreferencetoanyperiodoftimewithinwhichdocumentshavetobetakenuporforanyotheractionthatistobetakenbythedrawee.(这类词语不能用来表示提示或接受单据或付款人履行责任的期限。

)Ifsuchtermsareusedbankswilldisregardthem.

Article6Sight/Acceptance

Inthecaseofdocumentspayableatsightthepresentingbankmustmakepresentationforpaymentwithoutdelay.

Inthecaseofdocumentspayableatatenorotherthansightthepresentingbankmust,whereacceptanceiscalledfor,makepresentationforacceptancewithoutdelayandwherepaymentiscalledfor,makepresentationforpaymentnotlaterthantheappropriatematuritydate.

但实际操作中,有一种习惯做法是:

即期托收汇票货到时请求付款,远期汇票货到时请求承兑。

(三)托收汇票的担保付款

URC522没有关于托收汇票担保的统一规则,实际操作中的习惯做法见书P127。

银行在单据有效性方面的免责:

Article13DisclaimeronEffectivenessofDocuments

Banksassumenoliabilityorresponsibilityfortheform,sufficiency,accuracy,genuineness,falsificationorlegaleffectofanydocument(s),orforthegeneraland/orparticularconditionsstipulatedinthedocument(s)orsuperimposedthereon;nordotheyassumeanyliabilityorresponsibilityforthedescription,quantity,weight,quality,condition,packing,delivery,valueorexistenceofthegoodsrepresentedbyanydocument(s),orforthegoodfaithoractsand/oromissions,solvency,performanceorstandingoftheconsignors,thecarriers,theforwarders,theconsigneesortheinsurersofthegoods,oranyotherpersonwhomsoever.

第二节跟单托收的交单条件

一、承兑交单(DocumentagainstAcceptance,D/A)

凭付款人对远期汇票承兑而交出单据。

Therelease/deliveryofdocumentsagainstacceptanceoftenordraft.

承兑交单程序如下:

 

货物装船

①⑨

托款③④⑤⑥⑦

收项汇承交提付

申贷票兑示

请记提汇付

书委示票单款款

托承

跟人兑

单帐

汇户

②航寄托收指示和跟单汇票

⑧汇交收妥的货款

二、即期付款交单(DocumentsagainstPayment,D/P或D/PatSight)

凭付款人对即期汇票付款而交出单据。

Therelease/deliveryofdocumentsagainstthepaymentofsightdraft.

三、远期付款交单(D/Patxxdaysaftersight)

凭付款人对远期汇票付款而交出单据。

Therelease/deliveryofdocumentsagainstthepaymentoftenordraft.

远期汇票的时间一般应不长于货物海上运输时间,否则会使货物滞留码头,易遭损失或罚款,而托收行对此不负责任。

URC522认为托收应不(shouldnot)包含在将来日期付款的汇票,并带有指示说,商业单据凭付款交出。

所以远期付款交单通常不宜采用。

Article7ReleaseofcommercialDocuments:

D/Avs.D/P

a.Collectionsshouldnotcontainbillsofexchangepayableatafuturedatewithinstructionsthatcommercialdocumentsaretobedeliveredagainstpayment.

b.Ifacollectioncontainsabillofexchangepayableatafuturedate,thecollectioninstructionshouldstatewhetherthecommercialdocumentsaretobereleasedtothedraweeagainstacceptance(D/A)oragainstpayment(D/P).Intheabsenceofsuchstatementcommercialdocumentswillbereleasedonlyagainstpaymentandthecollectingbankwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencesarisingoutofanydelayinthedeliveryofdocuments.

c.Ifacollectioncontainsabillofexchangepayableatafuturedateandthecollectioninstructionindicatesthatcommercialdocumentsaretobereleasedagainstpayment,documentswillbereleasedonlyagainstsuchpaymentandthecollectingbankwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencesarisingoutofanydelayinthedeliveryofdocuments.

四、凭其他条款和条件交出商业单据

(一)分批部分付款(PartialPayment)

Deliveryofdocumentsagainstpartofcollectiontobepaidatsightandthebalancebythewayofacceptanceofaseparatedraftpayableatafuturedate.

(二)本票交单(Deliveryofdocumentsagainstpromissorynotes)

因为本票不必缴印花税,而汇票需要。

(三)凭付款承诺书交单(Deliveryofdocumentsagainstlettersofundertakingtopay)

(四)凭信托收据交单(Deliveryofdocumentsagainstasignedtrustreceipt)

(五)凭买方或其银行开立保函担保在固定将来日期付款而交单(Deliveryofdocumentsagainstletterofguaranteefromthebuyersortheirbankquaranteeingpaymentmustbemadeatafixeddate.)

第三节运输单据、利息、费用及其他

一、运输单据

委托人交来的单据多为海运提单。

未经银行同意,货物不得直接发至银行或其指定人。

提单不要作成代收行抬头,也不要作成买方抬头,而应作成空白抬头。

如:

BillofLading

Shipper

TheExportingCompany,Beijing

Consignee

ToOrder

Article10Documentsvs.Goods/Services/Performances

a.Goodsshouldnotbedespatcheddirectlytotheaddressofabankorconsignedtoortotheorderofabankwithoutprioragreementonthepartofthatbank.

Nevertheless,intheeventthatgoodsaredespatcheddirectlytotheaddressofabankorconsignedtoortotheorderofabankforreleasetoadraweeagainstpaymentoracceptanceoruponothertermsandconditionswithoutprioragreementonthepartofthatbank,suchbankshouldhavenoobligationtotakedeliveryofthegoods(提货),whichremainattheriskandresponsibilityofthepartydespatchingthegoods.

c.Nevertheless,inthecasethatbankstakeactionfortheprotectionofthegoods,whetherinstructedornot,theyassumenoliabilityorresponsibilitywithregardtothefateand/orconditionofthegoodsand/orforanyactsand/oromissionsonthepartofanythirdpartiesenstructedwiththecustodyand/orprotectionofthegoods.However,thecollectingbankmustadvisewithoutdelaythebankfromwhichthecollectioninstructionwasreceivedofanysuchactiontaken.

二、利息

Article20Interest

a.Ifthecollectioninstructionspecifiesthatinteresttobecollectedandthedraweerefusestopaysuchinterest,thepresentingbankmaydeliverthedocument(s)againstpaymentoracceptanceoronothertermsandconditionsasthecasemaybe,withoutcollectingsuchinterest.

b.Wheresuchinterestistobecollected,thecollectioninstructionmustspecifytherateofinterest,interestperiodandbasisofcalculation.

c.Wherethecollectioninstructionexpresslystatesthatinterestmaynotbewaivedandthedraweerefusestopaysuchinterestthepresentingbankwillnotdeliverdocumentsandwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencesarisingoutofanydelayinthedeliveryofdocument(s).Whenpaymentofinteresthasbeenrefused,thepresentingbankmustinformbytelecommunicationor,ifthatisnotpossible,byotherexpeditiousmeanswithoutdelaythebankfromwhichthecollectioninstructionwasreceived.

在CollectionInstruction中有关利息的指示:

□Pleasecollectinterestfordelayinpaymentcalculatedfromthematuritytothedateofactualpaymentattherateofx%p.a.onthebasisof360daysayearfromthedrawee.

□Waive/(donot

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