第四章托收方式.docx
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第四章托收方式
第四章托收方式
第一节托收概述
一、托收的定义
Article2DefinitionofCollection
a.“Collection”meansthehandlingbybanksofdocumentsinaccordancewithinstructionsreceivedinorderto:
i.obtainpaymentand/oracceptance,or
ii.deliverdocumentsagainstpaymentand/oragainstacceptance,or
iii.deliverdocumentsonothertermsandconditions.
b.“Documents”meansfinancialdocumentsand/orcommercialdocuments:
i.“Financialdocuments”meansbillsofexchange,promissorynotes,cheques,orothersimilarinstrumentsusedforobtainingthepaymentofmoney.
ii.“Commercialdocuments”meansinvoices,transportdocumentsoftitleorothersimilarinstruments,oranyotherdocumentswhatsoever,notbeingfinancialdocuments.
c.“Cleancollection”meanscollectionoffinancialdocumentsnotaccompaniedbycommercialdocuments.
d.“Documentarycollection”meanscollectionof:
i.financialdocumentsaccompaniedbycommercialdocuments;
ii.commercialdocumentsnotaccompaniedbyfinancialdocuments.
——UniformRulesforCollection(ICCPublicationNo.522)
二、托收当事人
1.Principal(委托人):
委托银行办理托收业务的人。
他通常是Exporter,Seller,Drawer,Consignor(托运人)。
也可以是托收汇票的收款人。
2.RemittingBank(托收行):
接受委托办理托收业务的银行,又称寄单行。
他通常是Exporter’sBank,PayeeoftheCollectionBill。
3.CollectingBank(代收行):
接受托收行委托,参与办理托收业务的银行。
他通常是Importer’sBank,PayeeoftheCollectionBill。
4.PresentingBank(提示行):
向汇票付款人提示承兑/付款的银行,通常就是代收行本身,有时也可以是另一家银行。
5.Drawee(付款人)
他通常是Importer,Buyer,DraweeoftheCollectionBill。
托收业务中的契约关系:
出口商与托收行之间的契约——托收申请书。
托收行与代收行之间的契约——托收指示。
三、托收方式的种类
(一)光票托收(CleanCollection)
指金融单据托收,不伴随商业单据。
在国际贸易中,通常是货运单据直接寄交买方,仅将汇票(有时也可附发票等非货运单据)委托银行托收。
托收的款项一般是贸易从属费用。
(二)跟单托收(DocumentaryCollection)
指金融单据伴随商业单据的托收,或商业单据不伴随金融单据的托收。
(三)直接托收(DirectCollection)
委托人征得托收行同意,直接将托收单据寄代收行。
URC522不愿承认不经银行办理的托收业务,故未将其包括在规则之中。
四、托收指示和托收汇票
(一)托收指示
托收指示(CollectionInstruction)即是寄送托收单据的面函(CoveringLetter)。
托收指示的重要性:
1.每笔托收业务必须附有一个单独的托收指示。
2.代收行仅受托收指示的指导。
3.代收行没有义务审核单据以获得指示。
Article4CollectionInstruction
a.i.AlldocumentssentforcollectionmustbeaccompaniedbyacollectioninstructionindicatingthatthecollectionissubjecttoURC522andgivingcompleteandpreciseinstructions.Banksareonlypermittedtoactupontheinstructionsgiveninsuchcollectioninstruction,andinaccordancewiththeseRules.
ii.Bankswillnotexaminedocumentsinordertoobtaininstructions.
iii.Unlessotherwiseauthorizedinthecollectioninstruction,bankswilldisregardanyinstructionsfromanyparty/bankotherthantheparty/bankfromwhomtheyreceivedthecollection.
(二)托收汇票当事人及其背书
托收汇票(CollectionBill/Draft)的当事人:
Drawer:
theexporter,theseller
Drawee:
theimporter,thebuyer
Payee:
(1)drawer;
(2)remittingbank;(3)collectingbank
即期托收汇票示样:
ExchangeforHKD21500.00Tianjin,15April,2002
D/PAtsightofthisFirstofExchange(Secondofthesametenoranddateunpaid)
paytotheorderof
TheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina
Hongkongdollarstwentyonethousandfivehundredonly
Drawnagainstshipmentof16cartonsofCashmerecoatsfromTianjintoHongkongforcollection
ToSunlightGarmentsCompany,
314LockyRoad,ForTianjinTextileImportand
HongkongExporterCorp.,Tianjin
signature
托收汇票的背书有三种情况:
1.委托人/出口商是payee时,
(1)委托人作空白背书将汇票交托收行;
(2)托收行作托收记名背书将汇票交代收行。
2.托收行是payee时,托收行作托收记名背书将汇票交代收行。
3.代收行是payee时,无需背书。
托收汇票的的期限:
(1)即期;
(2)远期;(3)固定日期后一段时间。
Article5Presentation
b.Thecollectioninstructionshouldstatetheexactperiodoftimewithinwhichanyactionistobetakenbythedrawee.
Expressionsuchas“first”,“prompt”,“immediate”andthelikeshouldnotbeusedinconnectionwithpresentationorwithreferencetoanyperiodoftimewithinwhichdocumentshavetobetakenuporforanyotheractionthatistobetakenbythedrawee.(这类词语不能用来表示提示或接受单据或付款人履行责任的期限。
)Ifsuchtermsareusedbankswilldisregardthem.
Article6Sight/Acceptance
Inthecaseofdocumentspayableatsightthepresentingbankmustmakepresentationforpaymentwithoutdelay.
Inthecaseofdocumentspayableatatenorotherthansightthepresentingbankmust,whereacceptanceiscalledfor,makepresentationforacceptancewithoutdelayandwherepaymentiscalledfor,makepresentationforpaymentnotlaterthantheappropriatematuritydate.
但实际操作中,有一种习惯做法是:
即期托收汇票货到时请求付款,远期汇票货到时请求承兑。
(三)托收汇票的担保付款
URC522没有关于托收汇票担保的统一规则,实际操作中的习惯做法见书P127。
银行在单据有效性方面的免责:
Article13DisclaimeronEffectivenessofDocuments
Banksassumenoliabilityorresponsibilityfortheform,sufficiency,accuracy,genuineness,falsificationorlegaleffectofanydocument(s),orforthegeneraland/orparticularconditionsstipulatedinthedocument(s)orsuperimposedthereon;nordotheyassumeanyliabilityorresponsibilityforthedescription,quantity,weight,quality,condition,packing,delivery,valueorexistenceofthegoodsrepresentedbyanydocument(s),orforthegoodfaithoractsand/oromissions,solvency,performanceorstandingoftheconsignors,thecarriers,theforwarders,theconsigneesortheinsurersofthegoods,oranyotherpersonwhomsoever.
第二节跟单托收的交单条件
一、承兑交单(DocumentagainstAcceptance,D/A)
凭付款人对远期汇票承兑而交出单据。
Therelease/deliveryofdocumentsagainstacceptanceoftenordraft.
承兑交单程序如下:
货物装船
①⑨
托款③④⑤⑥⑦
收项汇承交提付
申贷票兑示
请记提汇付
书委示票单款款
托承
跟人兑
单帐
汇户
票
②航寄托收指示和跟单汇票
⑧汇交收妥的货款
二、即期付款交单(DocumentsagainstPayment,D/P或D/PatSight)
凭付款人对即期汇票付款而交出单据。
Therelease/deliveryofdocumentsagainstthepaymentofsightdraft.
三、远期付款交单(D/Patxxdaysaftersight)
凭付款人对远期汇票付款而交出单据。
Therelease/deliveryofdocumentsagainstthepaymentoftenordraft.
远期汇票的时间一般应不长于货物海上运输时间,否则会使货物滞留码头,易遭损失或罚款,而托收行对此不负责任。
URC522认为托收应不(shouldnot)包含在将来日期付款的汇票,并带有指示说,商业单据凭付款交出。
所以远期付款交单通常不宜采用。
Article7ReleaseofcommercialDocuments:
D/Avs.D/P
a.Collectionsshouldnotcontainbillsofexchangepayableatafuturedatewithinstructionsthatcommercialdocumentsaretobedeliveredagainstpayment.
b.Ifacollectioncontainsabillofexchangepayableatafuturedate,thecollectioninstructionshouldstatewhetherthecommercialdocumentsaretobereleasedtothedraweeagainstacceptance(D/A)oragainstpayment(D/P).Intheabsenceofsuchstatementcommercialdocumentswillbereleasedonlyagainstpaymentandthecollectingbankwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencesarisingoutofanydelayinthedeliveryofdocuments.
c.Ifacollectioncontainsabillofexchangepayableatafuturedateandthecollectioninstructionindicatesthatcommercialdocumentsaretobereleasedagainstpayment,documentswillbereleasedonlyagainstsuchpaymentandthecollectingbankwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencesarisingoutofanydelayinthedeliveryofdocuments.
四、凭其他条款和条件交出商业单据
(一)分批部分付款(PartialPayment)
Deliveryofdocumentsagainstpartofcollectiontobepaidatsightandthebalancebythewayofacceptanceofaseparatedraftpayableatafuturedate.
(二)本票交单(Deliveryofdocumentsagainstpromissorynotes)
因为本票不必缴印花税,而汇票需要。
(三)凭付款承诺书交单(Deliveryofdocumentsagainstlettersofundertakingtopay)
(四)凭信托收据交单(Deliveryofdocumentsagainstasignedtrustreceipt)
(五)凭买方或其银行开立保函担保在固定将来日期付款而交单(Deliveryofdocumentsagainstletterofguaranteefromthebuyersortheirbankquaranteeingpaymentmustbemadeatafixeddate.)
第三节运输单据、利息、费用及其他
一、运输单据
委托人交来的单据多为海运提单。
未经银行同意,货物不得直接发至银行或其指定人。
提单不要作成代收行抬头,也不要作成买方抬头,而应作成空白抬头。
如:
BillofLading
Shipper
TheExportingCompany,Beijing
Consignee
ToOrder
Article10Documentsvs.Goods/Services/Performances
a.Goodsshouldnotbedespatcheddirectlytotheaddressofabankorconsignedtoortotheorderofabankwithoutprioragreementonthepartofthatbank.
Nevertheless,intheeventthatgoodsaredespatcheddirectlytotheaddressofabankorconsignedtoortotheorderofabankforreleasetoadraweeagainstpaymentoracceptanceoruponothertermsandconditionswithoutprioragreementonthepartofthatbank,suchbankshouldhavenoobligationtotakedeliveryofthegoods(提货),whichremainattheriskandresponsibilityofthepartydespatchingthegoods.
c.Nevertheless,inthecasethatbankstakeactionfortheprotectionofthegoods,whetherinstructedornot,theyassumenoliabilityorresponsibilitywithregardtothefateand/orconditionofthegoodsand/orforanyactsand/oromissionsonthepartofanythirdpartiesenstructedwiththecustodyand/orprotectionofthegoods.However,thecollectingbankmustadvisewithoutdelaythebankfromwhichthecollectioninstructionwasreceivedofanysuchactiontaken.
二、利息
Article20Interest
a.Ifthecollectioninstructionspecifiesthatinteresttobecollectedandthedraweerefusestopaysuchinterest,thepresentingbankmaydeliverthedocument(s)againstpaymentoracceptanceoronothertermsandconditionsasthecasemaybe,withoutcollectingsuchinterest.
b.Wheresuchinterestistobecollected,thecollectioninstructionmustspecifytherateofinterest,interestperiodandbasisofcalculation.
c.Wherethecollectioninstructionexpresslystatesthatinterestmaynotbewaivedandthedraweerefusestopaysuchinterestthepresentingbankwillnotdeliverdocumentsandwillnotberesponsibleforanyconsequencesarisingoutofanydelayinthedeliveryofdocument(s).Whenpaymentofinteresthasbeenrefused,thepresentingbankmustinformbytelecommunicationor,ifthatisnotpossible,byotherexpeditiousmeanswithoutdelaythebankfromwhichthecollectioninstructionwasreceived.
在CollectionInstruction中有关利息的指示:
□Pleasecollectinterestfordelayinpaymentcalculatedfromthematuritytothedateofactualpaymentattherateofx%p.a.onthebasisof360daysayearfromthedrawee.
□Waive/(donot