南方凤凰台届高考英语二轮能力提升训练专题四 任务型阅读 第二节 导学精练.docx
《南方凤凰台届高考英语二轮能力提升训练专题四 任务型阅读 第二节 导学精练.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《南方凤凰台届高考英语二轮能力提升训练专题四 任务型阅读 第二节 导学精练.docx(31页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
南方凤凰台届高考英语二轮能力提升训练专题四任务型阅读第二节导学精练
第二节 导学精练
题型诠释
一、信息查找题
信息查找题的解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。
常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。
如:
1.时间先后:
first,then,afterthat,next,finally等。
2.因果:
because,thus,leadto,causedby,asaresultof,nowthat,since,as等。
3.比较:
similarly,differently,like,unlike,but,while,however,instead,onthecontrary等。
4.转折:
but,while,however,instead,onthecontrary等。
二、信息转换题
根据问题查找并定位信息后,要加工分析信息并转换成另一种表达方式,达到组织信息的目的。
常见的转换方式有:
词性转换;句子结构转换;另选他词来释义。
如:
1.释义
Ifyouignoreyourdiet,troublewillfollow.(paynoattentionto)
2.同义词或反义词转换
Hedidn’tpassthefinalexamination.
→Hefailedthefinalexamination.
3.句子结构转换
Itwillnotbelongbeforewetakeanexam.
→Wewilltakeanexamsoon(beforelong).
4.前缀和后缀转换
Theboyfeltuncomfortablewithhisnewclassmates.(notcomfortable)
5.词性转换
LiuQian,afamousmagicianfromTaiwan,ispopularalloverChina.
→LiuQian,afamousmagicianfromTaiwan,isgainingpopularityalloverChina.
6.归纳型转换
这是近年高考出现的新颖题型。
文中给予学生合适的信息,让学生自己动脑思考,分析归纳总结出正确的结论。
这类题目的立意在于培养学生的理解能力、思维能力和综合分析能力。
比如:
根据这一段内容第一段中讲述的认真尽责的人的特点:
“Theeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(认真尽责)—beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous(一丝不苟的)inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.”可知,认真尽责的人守时,工作细心,自律严谨等等,这都说明他们对自己要求很严格。
所以该题“Conscientiouspeoplearevery withthemselves.”中应该填strict。
因此,这就要求我们在教学中要加强对学生综合的分析、理解、归纳等思维能力的培养。
三、信息归纳题
1.解题时一般很难从阅读材料的字面意思找到答案,必须根据文章内容,对句群、段落和全文进行合理的推断与归纳。
如:
归纳下面一段话“Weareallinterestedinequality,butwhilesomepeopletrytoprotecttheschoolandexaminationsysteminthenameofequality,others,stillinthenameofequality,wantonlytodestroyit.”文章开头点明文章的主题句:
从正反两方面讨论考试作为一种升学就业的手段的公平性及其合理性。
所以Thepassagemainlyfocuseson .答案为examinationandequality“考试与公平”。
平时练习中,要多进行句式转换练习。
2.平时帮助学生罗列、记忆高频归纳性词汇。
这些词一般具有概括性,在最大程度上覆盖了栏内信息,也有针对性。
如:
主题(topic,theme,thesis)
原因[reason(for),cause(of)]
结果(result,effect,consequence)
目的(aim,purpose,goal)
方法[way(todosth.),measure,solution(tosth.),method,approach(tosth.)]
观点[opinion,view,attitude(towards)]
异同(differences,similarities)
优劣(advantages,disadvantages;strengths,weaknesses;benefits,drawbacks)
建议(tips,suggestions,advice)
其他(time,place,events,behaviour,feelings,process,example,definition,classification)
(一)(2013·江苏卷)
QuietVirtue:
TheConscientious
Theeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(认真尽责)—beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous(一丝不苟的)inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.
Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization:
thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.
AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(缓冲)againstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.
Thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyare.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers’evaluationsoftheirwork,givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.
Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves,theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards,andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon’tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious,forexample,tendedtocriticizeco-workersevenaboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized,whichdamagedtheirrelationships.
Whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations,itcandiscouragecreativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising,opennesstowildideasandspontaneity(自发性)arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalance,however;withoutenoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough,peoplebecomemeredreamers,withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.
QuietVirtue:
TheConscientious
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。
通常来说,认真尽责的人工作尽职尽责、守时自律、愿意帮助别人等等;同时认真尽责也有它的不足,如阻碍发明创造,对同事过于苛求而容易批评他人影响关系。
【解题思路】
1.strict 信息归纳题。
文章第一段第一句讲述的认真尽责的人的特点:
beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous(一丝不苟的)inattendingtoresponsibilities,他们守时,工作细心,自律严谨等等都说明他们对自己要求很“严格”。
题目中还需要考生联想到短语bestrictwith的搭配。
2.helpful/good 信息转换题。
文章第一段中“It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewho...”说明,认真尽责的人对别人是“有帮助的”。
3.Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance 信息归纳题。
文章的第二、三、四段阐述了认真尽责的“好处和重要性”。
4.running/working/going/operating/functioning 信息查找题。
从文章第一段第一句“...thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.”中查找。
5.performance(s) 信息查找题。
从文章第二段第三句“Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization...”可查找答案。
6.fired/dismissed/jobless 信息转换题。
根据文章第三段第二句“Conscientiousnessalsooffersabufferagainstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket,...”可知,认真尽责的人不容易失去工作,转换为动词形式或形容词“失业的”。
7.problems/troubles 信息查找题。
从文章第五段第一句“Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.”可查找答案。
8.higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced 信息查找题。
从文章第四段第二句“...givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.”可知,雇主对认真尽责的人的工作评价可能比客观表现过于高一点。
9.tense/damaged/poor/bad 信息归纳题。
根据文章第五段中的beoverlyjudgmental和tendedtocriticizeco-workers可知,认真尽责的人对同事过于主观、苛求,往往容易批评同事,造成关系紧张,关系搞砸。
10.discourage/affect/damage 信息查找题。
从文章第六段第一句“...itcandiscouragecreativity.”中查找可知,认真尽责现象有可能阻碍创造性。
(二)(2013·安徽卷)
Aristotleoncewrotethat“happinessisastateofactivity”.Inotherwords,whetheryou’reseekinglifelongsatisfactionorafewmomentsofgoodcheer,you’vegottomoveforward.We’veinterviewedtheexpertsandfoundfivestepstotaketowardasunnymood(心情):
Overa30-yearperiod,UniversityofIllinoisresearchersaskednearly120,000peoplehowincome,education,politicalparticipation,volunteeractivitiesandcloserelationshipsaffectedtheirhappiness.ReportedNewsweek’sSharonBegleyonthefindings,“Thehighestlevelsofhappinessarefoundwiththemoststableandsatisfyingrelationships.”
Singingaloud,talkingtoastranger,raisingyourhand:
Allmayincreaseafeelingofhappiness,accordingtoastudyfromWakeForestUniversity.Participants(参与者)followedthedevelopmentoftheirmoodsfortwoweeksandreportedfeelinghappierwhentheyweremoreoutgoingandlesshappywhenreservedorwithdrawn.
Theeditorsofgave$5or$20to46strangersbychance.Halfthegroupwastoldtospendthemoneyonthemselves,whiletheotherhalfwastoldtospenditonothers.Thosewho’dsharedthewealthfeltmuchhappierattheendofthedaythanthosewho’dspentitonthemselves.Therewasnodifferenceinhappinessbetweenthosewhospent$5or$20,suggestingthatit’snothowmuchmoneyyouspend,buthowyouspendit,thatinspiresthespirit.
StudiesfromthePositivePsychologyCentershowedthatdiscouragedpeoplewhowrotedownthreegoodthingsthathappenedtothemeachdayforsixmonthsreportedanimprovedattitude.
Drinkingwaterreallycanhelpkeepyoucheerful.Asmall2012studyfromtheUniversityofConnecticutsuggestedthatevenslightdehydration(脱水)affectedthemoodsofitsfemaleparticipants.
Title:
(1) forHappiness
Introduction
Youwillmove
(2) inthecourseoffindinghappiness.
Thefindings
of
(3)
Some(4) towardhappiness
Valueyourrelationships
The(5) happinessliesinthemoststableandsatisfyingrelationships.
(6) yourself
Youcangainhappinessbysingingaloudortalkingtoothers.
Spendmoneyonothers
Yourspiritwillbeinspiredby(7) thewealth.
(8) onthepositive
Yourattitudewouldbeimprovedwhenyoufixyourattentionongoodthings.
Drinkwater
Ifawomantakesinenoughwater,her(9) ofhappinessmayremain.
Conclusion
Happinesscanbefoundifall(10) havebeendone.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。
亚里士多德曾说过“幸福是一种活动状态(心态)”。
换言之,无论你是追求终生的满足还是片刻的愉悦,你都得继续前行。
本文作者咨询了有关专家,得到了通往阳光心情的五个步骤:
珍惜亲密关系;表达自我;为别人花钱;专注于积极事物和多喝水。
【解题思路】
1.Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing) 信息归纳题。
第一题所在部分为文章标题,它要能概括全文内容。
全文叙述的是有关幸福的话题。
根据第一段第二句“Inotherwords,whetheryou’reseekinglifelongsatisfactionorafewmomentsofgoodcheer,you’vegottomoveforward.”及全文围绕幸福的五个步骤如何找到幸福阐述可知,要注意选择短语“ +for”意思是“寻求;寻找”,故选用Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing)这些词,另外还请注意单词首字母的大小写及动
词采用的形式,就标题而言,可用动词原形或动词的-ing形式。
2.forward/ahead/on 信息查找题。
根据文章第一段中的you’vegottomoveforward提示,另可依据表格中的形式还可用ahead/on等副词来表示“继续向前”的意思。
3.experts/researchers 信息查找题。
根据文章第一段最后一句“We’veinterviewedtheexpertsandfoundfivestepstotaketowardasunnymood.”以及第二段第一句“Overa30-yearperiod,UniversityofIllinoisresearchersasked...”可知,此处为专家或研究人员研究