考研英语一试题.docx

考研英语一试题.docx

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考研英语一试题

2020年考研英语

（一）试题

Section ⅠUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Eveniffamiliesarelesslikelytositdowntoeattogetherthanwasoncethecase,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavepartakenthisweekendofoneofthenation'sgreattraditions:

theSundayroast.__1__acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan__2__it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis__3__shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure__4__todamageourhealth.

TheFoodStandardsAuthority（FSA）has__5__apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked__6__hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould__7__crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurnthin-crustpizzasandonly__8__toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?

__9__studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno__10__evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.

Scientistssaythecompoundis"__11__tobecarcinogenic"buthavenohardscientificproof.__12__theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis__13__tofollowtheFSAadvice.__14__,itwasrumoredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea__15__.

Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe__16__uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?

__17__,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods__18__,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their__19__riskscomingacrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust__20__withnoonelistening.

1.AInBTowardsCOnDTill

2.AmatchBexpressCsatisfyDinfluence

3.ApatienceBenjoymentCsurpriseDconcern

4.AintensifiedBprivilegedCcompelledDguaranteed

5.AissuedBreceivedCignoredDcanceled

6.AunderBatCforDby

7.AforgetBregretCfinishDavoid

8.ApartiallyBregularlyCeasilyDinitially

9.AUnlessBSinceCIfDWhile

10.AsecondaryBexternalCinconclusiveDnegative

11.AinsufficientBboundClikelyDslow

12.AOnthebasisofBAtthecostofCInadditiontoDIncontrastto

13.AinterestingBadvisableCurgentDfortunate

14.AAsusualBInparticularCBydefinitionDAfterall

15.AresemblanceBcombinationCconnectionDpattern

16.AmadeBservedCsavedDused

17.ATobefairBForinstanceCTobebriefDingeneral

18.AreluctantlyBentirelyCgraduallyDcarefully

19.ApromiseBexperienceCcampaignDcompetition

20.AfollowupBpickupCopenupDendup

Section ⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzoz1.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:

aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?

Suburbofculture?

Hamletofculture?

Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community.groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:

Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonoringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.

21.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould___.

A.consolidatethetowncitytilesinBritain

B.promotecooperationamongBrain'stowns

C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'stowns

D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas______..

A.asensiblecompromise

B.aself-deceivingattempt

C.aneye-catchingbonus

D.aninaccessibletarget

23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit______

A.endeavortomaintainitsimage

B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople

C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence

D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth

24.“Glasgow”ismentionedinParagraph3topresent______

A.acontrastingcase

B.asupportingexample

C.abackgroundstory

D.arelatedtopic

25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?

A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.Critical

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublish

theirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecializedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:

eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround ￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthesearticlepreparationcosts’’ hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:

labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause________

[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave________

[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

[A]Relieved.

[B]Puzzled.

[C]Concerned

[D]Encouraged.

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms________

[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?

[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.