从人物关系的角度来分析《推销员之死》的悲剧色彩.docx

从人物关系的角度来分析《推销员之死》的悲剧色彩.docx

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从人物关系的角度来分析《推销员之死》的悲剧色彩

AnAnalysisoftheTragicElementsofDeathofaSalesmanfromtheAngleofHumans’Relationships

从人物关系的角度来分析《推销员之死》的悲剧色彩

Acknowledgements

Firstofall,mydeepestgratitudegoestomysupervisor,whohasdoneagreatfavortomythesiswriting.Fromtheplanningofthisthesisstructuretotherevisionofit,shehaswalkedmethroughallthestageswithhelpfulguidanceandencouragement.Withoutherconsistentinstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform.

Besides,Iwouldliketogivemythankstomydearteacherswhogavemeassistanceduringmywritingprocess,includingProfessor,LecturerHuangShan.Theyguidedmeintotheparadiseofliteratureresearchandofferedmevaluablesuggestions.

Lastmythankswouldgotomybelovedfamiliesandroommates.WhenIwaswritingthisthesis,theyurgedmetocompletethethesisregularlyanddiscusseddifficultproblemswithme.Onaccountofthese,Icanfinishmythesisonschedule.

感谢词

首先，我要向我的论文导师致以最诚挚的感谢。

感谢她在论文写作的过程中给予我的种种帮助。

从论文的开题报告到修改，她一直陪伴在我的身旁，给予我指导和鼓励。

如果没有她一直以来的指导，这篇论文不会顺利按质按量的完成。

同时，我还要感谢在此论文写作过程中帮助过我的各位老师。

他们分别是黄世香老师….。

他们指引我走进文学研究的殿堂，给了我许多有价值的意见。

最后，我要感谢我深爱的家人和舍友。

在论文写作期间，他们敦促我按时写作并且与我共同讨论难题，才使得此论文得以按期保质的完成。

从人物关系的角度来分析《推销员之死》的悲剧色彩

摘要《推销员之死》是阿瑟米勒的代表作，其具有高超的艺术价值和深刻的社会意义。

该剧捕获了美国战后一代寻找人的心。

尤其是主人公威利洛曼的悲剧命运相当典型，引起了观众和评论界的强烈反响。

因此，许多人认为《推销员之死》反映了小人物的悲剧人生，他们把这部剧作解读成美国梦的破灭或犹太异化，许多人也从美国社会文化的、文学剧作理论，以及象征主义等角度研究过该作品的特色。

但从人物关系角度研究该作品的悲剧色彩的甚少，无论从什么方面解读改作品，毫无疑问，这部作品人们的震撼是共同的。

人们在对威利深表同情之余，产生深度的思考和探讨该剧的悲剧情节，它那悲剧史诗般的地位，证明了它在美国现代戏剧和现代社会学上无可替代的作用，所以，《推销员之死》的成功是悲剧的极大成功，本文基于悲剧理论，其中，主要运用亚里士多德悲剧理论来解释家庭人物关系和现代悲剧理论来解释社会人物关系，指出若从“人物关系”的角度反观《推销员之死》中主人公的命运，可以发现他的一生是悲剧的一生。

从而得出此剧的悲剧色彩给人们以极大的启迪和悲剧的意义所在，引导人们树立正确的价值观，对人生的价值、人类的命运和人际关系不断进行思考和探讨，使人类能够走向更加完善的境界。

[关键字]人物关系悲剧价值

AnAnalysisoftheTragicElementsofDeathofaSalesmanfromtheAngleofHumans’Relationships

[Abstracts]DeathofaSalesmanisthemasterpieceofArthurMiller，whichisfullofexcellentartisticvalueandprofoundsocialsignificance.Theplaydescribesthatthepost-wargenerationwerelookingforthehuman’sheart.Inparticular,itisfairlytypicaltothetragicfateofthefateoftheheroWillyLoman,whichhascausedastrongreactionfromviewsandthecritics.Therefore,somepeople,whothoughtthatDeathofaSalesmanreflectedthetragiclifeofcommonpeople,interpretedtheplayasthecollapseoftheAmericanDreamorthealienationofjewishness.ManypeoplealsostudiedthisplayfromtheangleofAmericansocialcultureorliterarytheoryofdramaorsymbolism,buttherewereafewpeoplewhoanalyzedthisplayfromtheaspectofhumans’relationships.Nevertheless,nomatterfromwhataspecttointerpretthiswork,itisnodoubtthattheshockbringingtopeopleinthisplayiscommon.ItsstatusoftragicepicproveditsirreplaceableroleinAmericanmoderndramaandmodernsociology.Apartfrompeople’sshowingdeepsympathytoWilly’stragedy,theywillalsohaveadeepthinkingandgetalotofenlightenmentsfromit.Therefore,throughtragictheory,thisessaywillstudyandexplorethetragicplotsoftheplayand,throughtheviewofcharacterrelationship,pointoutthehero’sdestinyinDeathofaSalesman,bytheway,therelationshipsoffamilymembersisonthebasisofAristotletragictheoryandtherelationshipsofsocialmembersisbasedonmoderntragictheory,then,peoplecanfurtherfindhislife,entirely,isatragiclife,especially,peoplewilllearnalotfromitandunderstandthemeaningfulnessoftragedy.Itcanalsoleadpeoplesetupcorrectvalues,takeanewlookatlife’svalue,humans’destinyandinterpersonalrelationshipsoastoreachamoreperfectrealm.

[Keywords]humans’relationships;tragedy;value

IIntroduction

1.1ArthurMillerandDeathofaSalesman

ArthurMillerwasoneofthegreatestplaywrightsin1940s.HewasborninaJewishfamilyinOctober1915.HisFatherwasaclothingmanufacturerwhowentbankruptin1929duringtheGreatDepression.AfterMillerwitnessedhisfather’sbusinessfailure,heengagedinvariousproletarianjobssoastoearnenoughmoneytosupporthimtoattenduniversityofMichiganasjournalismmajor,startingtowriteplaysandbroadcastscripts.

HisfirstimportantplaywasAllMySons（1947）,whichdescribedanillegalbusinessmanoffaultymilitaryproductsandanalyzedtheinfluencesoffamilyrelationsmadebyopportunism.Besides,thisstronglyreflectedthatIbsenianplaywrightshadagreateffectonMiller’swriting,especially，theIbsenianthemeswereoftenappearedinhisfollowingplaywrights.Then,theenduringappealofhismasterpieceinhiswholelifeshouldbeattributedtohisworksDeathofaSalesman（1949）,atragicversionofAmericanDream,recognizedashismagnumopus.

Meanwhile,inFebruary1949,theplaywasperformedinNewYork’sBroadway742timesinsuccession.Consequently,hewonaTonyPrizeandaPulitzerPrizewithDeathofaSalesmanreachinganinternationalreputation.

Inaddition,atypicalthemeofMiller’splayswasthatheconcernedthedilemmaofmodernpeopleinrelationtotheirfamiliesandjobs.Whatdescribedmostlyinhisplayswasthattheheroeswereoftenundergreatpressuremadebyboththeirfamiliesandsociety.Theytriedinvaintosavethemselvesoutfromtheirownphysicalandspiritualpredicament.Onthecontrary,theyfelldeeplyintothedilemma,findingtheformofsuicide,astheonlymethod,toreleasethem.

ArthurMiller’slatestworksinclude:

TheLastYankee（1991）,TheRidedownMt.Morgan（1991）,TheAmericanClock（1993）,andBrokenGlass（1994）.

1.2TheMainContentofthePlay

Thehero,WillyLoman,wasasixty-three-year-oldtravelingsalesmanwhohadadeepfaithintheAmericanDreaminAmericansociety,thatis,peoplebelievedthateventhemostimpoverishedperson,throughhardworkanddetermination,couldfinallyworktheirwaytotheupperclassandachievegreatsuccessandgetnationalreputation.

Afterrushingaroundthecountryformanyyears,Willyrealizedthathewasneitheraresponsiblehusbandnoragoodfather.Accordingtohiscriteriaandothers’evaluation,histwosonswerenotoutstanding.Nowhiscareernearlycametoanend,sohehadtoescapeintothepastdreamymemorywhichhehadlongedfor.

Furthermore,atthebeginningoftheplay,bothofhissonscamehomeatthesametime.AfterhavingatalkwiththeirfatherWilly,theyworriedabouthisirrelevantconversationandtheyfearedthattheirmothercouldnotbearsuchgreatpressurefromWilly.However,actually,theirmotherLindabelievedthatsheunderstoodcompletelyhishusbandWilly,knowingthathisstrangebehaviorswerestemmedfromthewidegapbetweenhisunpracticaldreamtobearichmanandthedisappointingreality.Therefore,LindapersuadedhereldersonBifftofindagoodjobinordertoletWillyfeelproud.Actually,bothBiffandHappywantedtopleasetheirfather,sotheyinvitedhimtohavedinnerinarestaurant.Butduringthedinner,itwasatthatmomentwhenBifftoldWillythetruthabouthisfailuretofindajobthatWillyfelthisdreamwasabsolutelybroken.Willywentintothewashingroombemusedly.Then,theawfulmemoryinthepastwaspouringintohismind,thatis,BiffhadgonetoBostonforWilly’shelpbecauseofhisfailing’scollegeentranceexamination.Nevertheless,Biffhappenedtoseethathisfatherstayedwithamistressinthehotel.OnlywhenWillycamebacktotherealitydidherealizethatheshouldberesponsibleforBiff’sdisillusionmentandidleness.Next,whenhewentbackthedinnertable,hejustfoundbothhissonslefthimwithtwomistresses.Inthisway,Willyhadtogohomealonewithhumiliations.Then,hehadafiercequarrelwithBiffwhowasabouttorunawayfromhome.Duringthequarrel,BiffnotonlyrevealedthathehadbeeninprisonforthreemonthsbutalsoheruthlesslylaughedatWilly’sunpracticaldream.Atthatmoment,theoldman,Willy,wasdriventotheedgeofdesperationandfeltextremelysadforhisillusionwasentirelybroken.Asaresult,hechosetocommitsuicidesothatBiffcouldgethisinsurancemoney（20,000dollars）tocontinuetofulfilltheirunrealisticdream.

1.3ThesisStructureandResearchMethodology

InChapterOne,,theauthorintroducessomeimportantpointsandachievementsofArthurMiller.ThentheauthorstatesthemaincontentofthefamousplayDeathofaSalesman,givingreadersabriefunderstandingaboutthisplay.ThethirdpartofChapterOneisthethesisstructureandresearchmethodology.

InChapterTwo,thereisonepart.Theauthorstatesthedefinitionofvalue,formerstudiesaboutthisplayandexplainsobjectivesandsignificanceofthisstudy,tellingreaderswhytragedyinplayismeaningful.

ChapterThreeisanimportantpartofthisthesis.Itisgoingtoresearchrelationshipsamongthisplay.ThisChapterincludestwoparts——oneistoanalyzeeachrelationshipoffamilymemberseparately,includingtherelationshipbetweenWillyandhisfather,betweenWillyandhiselderBrotherBen,betweenWillyandhissonBiff,andbetweenWillyandhiswifeLinda.Andtheotheristostatetherelationshipofsocialmembers.

ChapterFouristodiscussvaluesintragicdestinyofWillyLoman.

ChapterFiveisaconclusionofthewholethesis.Theauthorwillgiveageneralsummaryofthetopicandhelpmodernpeopletosetupcorrectvalues.

Literatureresearchmethod,Aristotletragictheoryaswellasmoderntheoryareusedinthisthesis.

IILiteratureReview

Generallyspeaking,Valuescanchangepeople’slifeandhaveaninfluenceonaperson’sbeliefs.Alberthasevernotedthat“avaluesystemrepresentswhatisexpectedorhopefor,requiredorforbidden.Itisnotareportofactualconductbutisthesystemofcri