如何在Matlab中画有阴影的柱状图.docx
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如何在Matlab中画有阴影的柱状图
在画柱状图时，利用不同的颜色区分在实际打印时经常区分不出。
为了能够更清楚第表示最终结果，可采用在柱状图中打阴影的方式来表示。
然而，Matalab本身没有提供实现这种功能的函数库。
下面两个函数：
%ApplyBrandon'sfunction
applyhatch_pluscolor
%ApplyBrian'sfunction
applyhatch_plusC（fH,'\-x.','rkbk'）;
实现了上述功能。
这两个函数中都调用了函数makehatch_plus源码如下（都已经调试通过，可方便使用）。
fH=gcf;colormap（jet（4））;
h=bar（rand（3,4））;
legend（'Apple','Orange','Banana','Melon','Location','EastOutside'）;
%ApplyBrandon'sfunction
tH=title（'Brandon''sapplyhatch'）;
applyhatch_pluscolor（fH,'\-x.',0,[1010],jet（4））;
%ApplyBrian'sfunction
set（tH,'String','Brian''sapplyhatch'）;
applyhatch_plusC（fH,'\-x.','rkbk'）;
set（tH,'String','Original'）;
代码源自：
function[im_hatch,colorlist]=applyhatch_pluscolor（h,patterns,CvBW,Hinvert,colorlist,...
dpi,hatchsc,lw）
%APPLYHATCH_PLUSCOLORApplyhatchedpatternstoafigureinBWorColor
%APPLYHATCH_PLUSCOLOR（H,PATTERNS）createsanewfigurefromthefigureHby
%replacingdistinctcolorsinHwiththeblackandwhite
%patternsinPATTERNS.TheformatforPATTERNScanbe
%astringofthecharacters:
%'/','\','|','-','+','x','.','c','w','k'
%（seemakehatch_plus.mformoredetails）or
%acellarrayofmatricesofzeros（white）andones（black）
%
%Inaddition,Hcanalternativelybeauint8NxMx3matrixofthetype
%producedbyimread.Inthiscase,colorsinthisimagewillbe
%replacedwithpatternsasifitwasafigure.Afinalfigurewindow
%willbegeneratedthatdisplaystheresult.TheDPIargument
%discussedbelowwillbeignoredifHisanimagematrix.
%
%APPLYHATCH_PLUSCOLOR（H,PATTERNS,CVBW）binaryvalueforchoiceofColororBlack
%andWhiteplots.Ifcolorischosenthecolorwillmatchthatofthe
%currentfill.1->Color,anythingelse->BW
%
%APPLYHATCH_PLUSCOLOR（H,PATTERNS,CVBW,HINVERT）binaryvaluetoinvertthehatch.
%i.e.,ifitisblacklineswithawhitebackground,thatbecomeswhite
%lineswithablackbackground.Thiscaneitherbeascalarvalueora
%1xNarrayequaltothelengthofPATTERNS.Whenusedasanarrayeach
%PATTERNS（i）willbeinvertedaccordingtoHinvert（i）.1->Invert,
%anythingelse->NonInverted
%
%APPLYHATCH_PLUSCOLOR（H,PATTERNS,CVBW,HINVERT,COLORS）mapsthecolorsinthenby3
%matrixCOLORStoPATTERNS.EachrowofCOLORSspecifiesanRGB
%colorvalue.
%
%NotethisfunctionmakesabitmapimageofHandsoislimited
%tobitmapoutput.
%
%Additionalarguments:
%
%[im_hatch,colorlist]=applyhatch_plus（h,patterns,CvBW,Hinvert,colorlist,dpi,hatchsc,linewidth）
%
%inputDPIallowsspecificationofbitmapresolution,makingplotresolution
%betterforprinting.IgnoredifHisanimagematrix.
%HATCHSCmultiplierforhatchscaletoincreasesizeofpatternforbetteroperation
%athigherresolutions
%default[]usesscreenresolutionasin
%APPLYHATCH
%LINEWIDTHAscalingfactortoapplytolineanddotsizes
%inhatching.Defaultsto1.
%outputIM_HATCHRGBbitmapmatrixofnewfigure
%useIMWRITEtooutputindesiredformat
%COLORLISTListofcolorsactuallyreplaced.Usefulinfoif
%nocolorlistinitiallygiventofunction.
%Colorlistwillbeuint8,not0-1scaleas
%originallyspecified.
%
%Example1:
%bar（rand（3,4））;
%[im_hatch,colorlist]=applyhatch_pluscolor（gcf,'\-x.',0,0,[],150）;
%imwrite（im_hatch,'im_hatch.png','png'）
%
%Example2:
%bar（rand（3,4））;
%[im_hatch,colorlist]=applyhatch_pluscolor（gcf,'\-x.',1,[],[],150）;
%imwrite（im_hatch,'im_hatch.png','png'）
%
%Example3:
%colormap（cool（6））;
%pie（rand（6,1））;
%legend（'Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun'）;
%im_hatch=applyhatch_pluscolor（gcf,'|-.+\/',1,[110100],cool（6）,200,3,2）;
%imwrite（im_hatch,'im_hatch.png','png'）
%
%Example4:
Producesroughlythesamethingasexample1
%bar（rand（3,4））;
%print-dtiff-r150im.tiff
%im=imread（'im.tiff','tiff'）;
%[im_hatch,colorlist]=applyhatch_pluscolor（im,'\-x.'）;
%imwrite（im_hatch,'im_hatch.tiff','tiff'）
%
%
%ModificationofAPPLYHATCHtoallowhigherresolutionoutput
%ModifiedBrianFGKatz8-aout-03
%ModifiedDavidMKaplan19-fevrier-08
%
%ModificationofAPPLYHATCH_PLUStoallowforcolorandinvertedhatch
%ModifiedBrandonLeveyMay6,2009
%
%Seealso:
APPLYHATCH,APPLYHATCH_PLUS,MAKEHATCH,MAKEHATCH_PLUS
%ByBenHinkle,*********************
%Thiscodeisinthepublicdomain.
if~exist（'CvBW','var'）;CvBW=0;end%defaultstoblackandwhite
ifisempty（CvBW）;CvBW=0;end%defaultstoblackandwhite
if（CvBW~=0&&CvBW~=1）;CvBW=0;end%defaultstoblackandwhite
if~exist（'Hinvert','var'）;Hinvert=0;end%defaultstonotinverted
ifisempty（Hinvert）;Hinvert=0;end%defaultstonotinverted
iflength（Hinvert）==length（patterns）||length（Hinvert）==1
fori=1:
length（Hinvert）
ifHinvert（i）~=0&&Hinvert（i）~=1;Hinvert（i）=0;end
end
else
error（['ThelengthofHinvertmustbe1orequaltothelengthofPATTERNS']）;
end
if~exist（'hatchsc','var'）;hatchsc=1;end
if~exist（'dpi','var'）;dpi=0;end%defaultstoscreenresolution
if~exist（'colorlist','var'）;colorlist=[];end
if~exist（'lw','var'）;lw=1;end
ifnumel（h）==1%Assumeitisafigurewindow
oldppmode=get（h,'paperpositionmode'）;
oldunits=get（h,'units'）;
oldcolor=get（h,'color'）;
oldpos=get（h,'position'）;
set（h,'paperpositionmode','auto'）;
set（h,'units','pixels'）;
set（h,'color',[111]）;
figsize=get（h,'position'）;
bits=hardcopy（h,'-dzbuffer',['-r'num2str（dpi）]）;
%%Tryadifferentapproachusingatemporaryfile-usethisifhavingprobs
%tn=[tempname'.tif'];
%print（'-dtiff',['-r'num2str（dpi）],tn）
%bits=uint8（imread（tn,'TIFF'））;
%delete（tn）
set（h,'paperpositionmode',oldppmode）;
set（h,'color',oldcolor）;
elseifsize（h,3）==3%Assumeitisanimagematrix
bits=h;
oldunits='pixels';
oldpos=[0,0,size（bits,2）,size（bits,1）];
figsize=oldpos;
else
error（'Badfirstargument.'）;
end
bwidth=size（bits,2）;
bheight=size（bits,1）;
bsize=bwidth*bheight;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Thenextbitbasicallymodernizestheoriginal
%versionofthisfunctionusingthingslikeunique
%andforloops
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Makebitmaponelongmatrixwith3columns
bits=reshape（bits,[bsize,3]）;
%Convertoriginalcolorscaleto255scale
if~isempty（colorlist）
%NOTE:
Added"floor"belowbecausethisseemstobetterpickout
%correctcolorsproducedby"hardcopyabovebetterthanuint8byitself
%colorlist=uint8（255*colorlist）;
colorlist=uint8（floor（255*colorlist））;
else
%Finduniquecolorsinimage-thistakesalongtimeathighresolution
[B,I,J]=unique（bits,'rows'）;
switchCvBW
case0%BWplot
%Findjust"colored"colors
C=find（B（:
1）~=B（:
2）|B（:
1）~=B（:
3））;
case1%colorplot
%Findallnonblackandwhite
B=sortrows（B）;
C=1:
size（B,1）;
C=C（2:
end-1）';
end
colorlist=B（C,:
）;
end
%Loopoverlistofcolorsandfindmatches
fork=1:
size（colorlist,1）
%Findpointsthatmatchcolor
ifexist（'B','var'）%Useuniquecolorsifaround
I=C（k）==J;
else%Otherwisetesteachpoint
cc=colorlist（k,:
）;
I=bits（:
1）==cc
（1）&bits（:
2）==cc
（2）&bits（:
3）==cc（3）;
if~any（I（:
））,continue,end
end
%Whatpatterntouse
pati=mod（k-1,numel（patterns））+1;
ifiscell（patterns）
pattern=patterns{pati};
elseifisa（patterns,'char'）
pattern=makehatch_plus（patterns（pati）,6*hatchsc,lw）;
else
pattern=patterns;
end
pattern=uint8（1-pattern）;
iflength（Hinvert）==1
invertHatch=logical（Hinvert）;
else
invertHatch=logical（Hinvert（pati））;
end
%Makeabigpatternmatchingsizeofbits
pheight=size（pattern,2）;
pwidth=size（pattern,1）;
ratioh=ceil（bheight/pheight）;
ratiow=ceil（bwidth/pwidth）;
bigpattern=repmat（pattern,[ratiohratiow]）;
ifratioh*pheight>bheight
bigpattern（bheight+1:
end,:
）=[];
end
ifratiow*pwidth>bwidth
bigpattern（:
bwidth+1:
end）=[];
end
%PutthatpatternintobitsandlogicalvaluesbasedonCvBWandHinvert
switchCvBW
case0%BW
ifinvertHatch
bits（find（I）,:
）=repmat（~bigpattern（I）*255,[1,3]）;
else
bits（find（I）,:
）=repmat（bigpattern（I）*255,[1,3]）;
end
case1%Color
ifinvertHatch
bits（find（I）,:
）=[...
（uint8（bigpattern（I））*colorlist（k,1））+uint8（（~bigpattern（I））*255）,...
（uint8（bigpattern（I））*colorlist（k,2））+uint8（（~bigpattern（I））*255）,...
（uint8（bigpattern（I））*colorlist（k,3））+uint8（（~bigpattern（I））*255）];
else
bits（find（I）,:
）=[...
（uint8（~bigpattern（I））*colorlist（k,1））+uint8（（bigpattern（I））*255）,...
（uint8（~bigpattern（I））*colorlist（k,2））+uint8（（bigpattern（I））*255）,...
（uint8（~bigpattern（I））*colorlist（k,3））+uint8（（bigpattern（I））*255）];
end
end
end
%Putbitsbackintoitsnormalshape
bits=reshape（bits,[bheight,bwidth,3]）;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%Replot
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
newfig=figure（'units',oldunits,'visible','off'）;
imaxes=axes（'parent',newfig,'units','pixels'）;
im=image（bits,'parent',imaxes）;
%fpos=get（newfig,'position'）;
%set（newfig,'position',[fpos（1:
2）figsize（3）figsize（4）+1]）;
set（newfig,'position',oldpos）
set（newfig,'units','pixels'）
set（imaxes,'position',[00figsize（3）figsize（4）+1],'visible','off'）;
set（newfig,'visible','on'）;
set（newfig,'units','normalized'）;
set（imaxes,'units','normalized'）;
set（imaxes,'DataAspectRatio',[111],'DataAspectRatioMode','manual'）;
ifnargout>0,im_hatch=bits;end
ifnargout<2,cl
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