研究生公共英语B册长难句复习题目.docx
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研究生公共英语B册长难句复习题目
Unit1partypolitics
课文后p10-12的十道paraphrase句子,加上以下的8句,计18句
1.Thesepeoplehavebeensocializinghappilyeveryworkingdayoftheirlives,giveortakeafewmelees,rumors,andcomplaintpetitions.
(paragraph1)
2.Outofthenaturalgoodnessofitscorporateheartandthespiritoftheholidayseason,thecompanywishesonlytogiveitsemployeesaroaringgoodtime,andtheemployees,outofloyaltyandthethrillofgettingtoknowtheirbossesoff-dutyasequals,delightintheopportunity.(paragraph3)
3.Thepeoplewhodotheplanningarepaidfortheirtrouble,sothosewhobenefitneednotconsidertheyhaveincurredadebt.(p5)
4.Butetiquette’ssolutionofhavingeveryonegreetedinareceivinglinewasrejectedastoostiff.Soonecanhardlyblameemployeesforrecallingalong-ingrainedprincipleoftheworkplace:
seeingthebossandhavingagoodtimearebestnotscheduledatthesametime.(P8)
5.Moreseriousisthefactthat,inspiteoftheliquorandhighspirits,itstillcountsassexualharassmentwhenanyonewithsupervisorypowersmakesunreciprocatedoverturestoalower-rankingemployee.(p11)
6.Inoneevening,theymanagetocutthroughtheentirehierarchyandproceduresthebosshaspainstakinglyestablishedforthepurposeofbeingsparedthiskindofimportuning.(p13)
7.Itisoftenerroneouslyassumedthatthestyleofthepartyoughttobewhatemployeesareusedto:
theirownkindofmusic,food,andotherthingstheexecutivelevelbelievesitselftohaveoutgrown.(P23)
8.Andtherealopportunityforcareeradvancementisnotpetitioningabossbutrescuingonewhohasbeencorneredorstranded,thusdemonstratingthatoneknowshowtotalkcharminglyaboutnon-businessmatters.(p24)
Unit2Newsingles
1.TheSingle,longastockfigureinstories,songsandpersonalads,wastraditionallysomeoneatthemarginsofsociety:
afigureoffun,pityorawe.(P1)
2.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavewreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives..(para3)
3.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoatanever-earlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalmeditations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbydemographers,real–estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.(p3)
4.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmerican-stylecapitalism.P5
5.Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage.P6
6.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupaheftyproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.P6
7.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.P7
8.InLondon,luxurycomplexeswithtinyflats,gymsandeasyaccesstourbanpleasuresarespringingupforyounganddrivenprofessionals.P10
9.Anddivorcedorwidowedpeoplewhohookuplaterinlifetendtohavesetwaysandlongpersonalhistorieswiththerequisitecomplications.P13
10.Themovefromcozyfamiliestourbansingledomopensnewvistasformarketers.Inthepast,theHolyGrailforadvertiserswasthecouplewith2.3children.P14
11.It'samarketingman'sdream:
ademographicwiththeanxietiesofteenagersandthebankaccountsofthemiddle-aged.P15
12.Nightlygroupdinnersare’tmandatory,thoughpeopledohavetopitchinandcookforaweekeverytwomonthsP17
Unit3doctor’sdilemma
1.Medicaladvancesinwonderdrugs,daringsurgicalprocedures,radiationtherapies,andintensive-careunitshavebroughtnewlifetothousandsofpeople.Yettomanyofthem,modernmedicinehasbecomeadouble-edgedsword.(fromparagraph1)
2.Doctor’spowertotreatwithanarrayofspace-agetechniqueshasoutstrippedthebody’scapacitytoheal.(fromparagraph2)
3.Mostoftenitisatthetwoextremesoflifethatthesedifficultethicalquestionsarise—atthebeginningfortheverysicknewbornandattheendforthedyingpatients(fromparagraph6)
4.Thedilemmaposedbymodernmedicaltechnologyhascreatedthegrowingnewdisciplineofbioethics.(fromparagraph7)
5.Morethanadozenstatesrecognize“livingwills”inwhichthepatientsleaveinstructionstodoctorsnottoprolonglifebyfeedingthemintravenouslyorbyothermethodsiftheirillnessbecomeshopeless.(fromparagraph10)
6.Meanwhile,thehospicemovement,withitsemphasisonprovidingcomfort—notcure—tothedyingpatient,hasgainedmomentuminmanyareas.(fromparagraph10)
7.Ethicistsalsofearthatundertheguiseofmedicaldecisionsnottotreatcertainpatients,deathmaybecometooeasy,pushingthecountrytowardtheacceptanceofeuthanasia.(fromparagraph12)
8.Attheotherendofthelifespan,technologyhassorevolutionizednewborncarethatitisnolongerclearwhenhumanlifeisviableoutsidethewomb.(fromparagraph14)
9.“ButIfeelstronglythatretardationorthefactthatsomeoneisgoingtobelessthanperfectisnotgoodgroundsforallowinganinfanttodie.”(fromparagraph16)
10.Thecurrenttrendistowardnontreatmentasdoctorsgrapplewithquestionsnotjustofwhoshouldgetcarebutwhentotaketherapyaway.(fromparagraph19)
11.Since1972,Americanshaveenjoyedunlimitedaccesstoataxpayer-supported,kidney-dialysisprogramthatofferslife-prolongingtherapytoallpatientswithkidneyfailure.(fromparagraph23)
12.Burnunits—thoughextremelyeffective—alsoprovideveryexpensivetherapyforveryfewpatients.(fromparagraph24)
13.Asmedicalscientistspushbackthefrontiersoftherapy,themoraldilemmawillcontinuetogrowfordoctorsandpatientsalike,makingthechoiceoftotreatornottotreatthebasicquestioninmodernmedicine.(fromparagraph25)
Unit4culturepatterningofspace
1.SpatialconsciousnessinmanyWesternculturesisbasedonaperceptionofobjectsinspace,ratherthanofspaceitself.Westernersperceiveshapesanddimensions,inwhichspaceisarealmoflight,color,sight,andtouch.P1
2.ItwasonlywhentheintellectuallycrudeRomanculturebecameinfluencedbytheabstractthinkingofGreekculturethattheLatinlanguagedevelopedasignificantvocabularyofabstract,non-spatialterms.P1
3.ThusalthoughAmericansaretaughttoperceiveandreacttothearrangementofobjectsinspaceandtothinkofspaceasbeing"wasted"unlessitisfilledwithobjects,theJapanesearetrainedtogivemeaningtospaceitselfandtovalue"empty"space.P2
4.ItisamazingtoAmericanshowanyonegetsaround,yetParisiansseemtodowell.P3
5.EdwardHall,inTheSilentLanguage,suggeststhatthelayoutofspacecharacteristicofFrenchcitiesisonlyoneaspectofthethemeofcentralizationthatcharacterizesFrenchculture.P3
6.Anotheraspectoftheculturalpatterningofspaceconcernsthefunctionsofspaces.Inmiddle-classAmerica,specificspacesaredesignatedforspecificactivities.Anyintrusionofoneactivityintoaspacethatitwasnotdesignedforisimmediatelyfeltasinappropriate.(unit4para4)
7.ThispatternofspatialperceptionamongtheHopiseemstobesimilartotheirpatternoftimeperception,inwhichperiodsoftimearenotseenasseparatepiecesofduration,astheyareintheWesterncultures,butareintegratedaspiecesofaconnectedpattern.P5
9.SpacesinIndiaaresegregatedsothathighcasteandlowcaste,malesandfemales,secularandsacredactivitiesarekeptapart.Thepatternhasbeenusedforthousandsofyears,asdemonstratedbythearchaeologicalevidenceuncoveredinancientIndiancities.P4
8.Anthropologistsstudyingvariousculturesasawholehaveseenaconnectioninthewaytheyviewbothtimeandspace.P5
10.Spatialperceptionsmaybeadaptationstospecificenvironments:
thedegreeofpopulationdensity;theamountofarableland;theabsenceorexistenceofnaturalbarrierssuchastheseaormountains;theamountofdistinguishinglandmarksinaregion.P6
11.Peoplefromdifferentculturesmayunconsciouslyinfringeoneachother’ssenseofspace.P7
Unit9animalemotions
1.SwimmingoffthecoastofArgentina,afemalerightwhalesinglesoutjustoneofthesuitorsthatarehotlypursuingher.P1
2.Aftermating,thetwocetaceanslingersidebyside,strokingoneanotherwiththeirflippersandfinallyrollingtogetherinwhatlookslikeanembrace.P1
3.Manyscientistsalsosaythatitisimpossibletoproveanimalshaveemotionsusingstandardscientificmethods----repeatableobservationsthatcanbemanipulatedincontrolledexperiments----leadingthemtoconcludethatsuchfeelingsmustnotexist.P4
4.Still,theideaofanimalsfeelingemotionsremainscontroversialamongmanyscientists.Researcher’sskepticismisfueledinpartbytheirprofessionalaversiontoanthropomorphism,theverynonscientifictendencytoattributehumanqualitiestononhumans.P4
5.Today,however,amidmountingevidencetothecontrary,“thetideisturningradicallyandrapidly,”saysBekoff,whoisattheforefrontofthismovement.P4
5.Eventhemoststridentskepticsofanimalpassionagreethatmanycreaturesexperiencefear----whichsomescientistsdefineasaprimaryemotionthatcontrastswithsecondaryemotionssuchasloveandgrief.P5
6.Essentialtoescapepredatorsandotherdangers,fear---anditspredictableflight,fight,orfreezeresponses---seemstobehard-wiredintomanyspecies.P5
7.Yetbecausefeelingsareintangible,andsotoughtostudyscientifically,“mostresearchersdon’tevenwanttotalkabout