新编大学英语4单元6翻译和课后习题答案.docx

新编大学英语4单元6翻译和课后习题答案.docx

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新编大学英语4单元6翻译和课后习题答案

Unit6Risks

UsefulInformation

Riskistheprobabilityoflosingsomethingofvalue.Sincewevaluelifeaboveotherthings,thegreatestriskformostpeopleistheriskofdeath.Yetlifeitself,tothebestofourknowledge,isultimatelylimited.Thekeywordhereis“ultimately”.Sincewehopetolivealotlonger,weeasilyoverlooktheroutineandlong-rangerisksassociatedwithbeinghuman,andconcentrateinsteadonothersortsofrisks.Werarelythinkaboutthechancesofdeath,disability,ordisaster,ortrytopredictthetimesoftheiroccurrence.Walkingacrossthestreetinmanycitiesismoredangerousthanridinganairplaneacrossanocean,butmanypeoplegivenothoughttotheformerandhavegreatfearofthelatter.Peopleeagerlydodangerousthingsforrecreationthattheywouldrarelydoatwork,suchasscalingasteepmountainorskiingrapidlydownit.Youngpeopleareespeciallywillingtotakefoolishchancesforthesheerjoyofdoingso,orbecausetheydiscounttheprobabilityofadverseoutcomes.Yettheyshouldprobablybemuchmorecarefulthantheirelders,sincetheyhavelongerlifeexpectanciesremainingandthushavemoreatstake.

Otherthingswevalueincludehealth,safety,money,property,relationshipsandhappiness.Therearerisksattachedtothelossofanyofthese.Hypochondriacsexaggeratetherisksofillhealthorinjury.Ironicallytheprecautionstakentopromotehealthandsafetymayaddtoahypochondriac’sperceptionoftherisksinvolved.Awiseinvestortakescalculatedriskswithmoney,andtriestochoosereasonablerisksoverunreasonableones.Acompulsivegambler,ontheotherhand,issoaddictedtoriskthatthereislittlethoughtofthelossthatinevitablyfollowsfromgamblingindefinitelyagainsttheodds.Soriskitselfmayattimesbeperceivedasareward.

Optimistsandpessimistshaveoppositeattitudestowardrisk.Extremeoptimistsalwaysexpectthebest.Thereforetheytrytomaximizegain.Morecautiousoptimistsmaytrytomaximizetheminimumgain.Extremepessimistsalwaysexpecttheworst.Thereforetheycometoexpectthemaximumloss.Moremoderatepessimistsmaytrytomaximizetheminimumloss.Thescienceofcost-benefitanalysisstudiestheseandotherstrategiesformanagingrisk.Sodoesactuarialscience（保险计算科学）,withspecialemphasisontherisksofdeath,injury,orillness.

Onewaytomanageriskinordinarylifeisthroughrationalplanning.Byconsideringalternativesandbalancingthegreatestormostlikelyrisksagainstthegreatestormostlikelyrewards,wecanoftenmakebetterdecisionsandgivegreaterconsiderationtolong-termoutcomes.Byalwayshavingacontingencyplanincaseourmainplanfails,wecanusuallyavoidcatastrophes.Butplanningtakeseffort,andwemustbalancethiseffortagainstthepleasureofdoingthingsspontaneouslybecausetheyarenotveryimportantornotveryrisky,andplanotherthingscarefullybecausetheyareveryimportantorveryrisky.

PartOne

PREPARATION

1.RisksinJobs

PhysicalRisks

FinancialRisks

EmotionalRisks

coal-miner,nurse,

policeman,secretary,

teacher,fighterpilot,

interpreter,fireman

footballplayer,writer,

cleaner,touristguide,factoryworker,chemicalengineer,computerprogrammer

businessman,stockbroker,accountant,peasant,writer,civilservant,touristguide

nurse,psychiatrist,

lawyer,president,teacher,singer,psychologist,touristguide,writer,hostofTVshow,ambassador,model,journalist

Note:

Studentsmayhavedifferentideasingroupingthesejobs.That’snatural.

2.Whichactivityisriskier?

STEPONE

Thefollowingisalistoftheactivitiesfromtheriskiesttothesafest:

rockclimbing→skydiving→drivingamotorcycle→beinga65-year-oldman→skiing→flyinginanairplane→drivingacar→workingonafarm

STEPTHREE

—Iprefertodorock-climbing.Iknowit’sariskysportbutIreallywanttochallengemyselfandseehowIcanusemymusclesandbraintodoatoughjob.YoumayaskwhyIlikethisriskysportwhiletherearesomanysaferonestotestmystrengthanddetermination.

IwasborninamountainareaandI’vebeenenjoyingmountainclimbingsincemychildhood.Ialwaysfeelexcitedwhileclimbingamountain,androck-climbingisevenmoreexciting.It’struerock-climbingisfullofdangers,butlifeitselfisfullofdangerstoo.Withmodernequipmentandourbrains,wecanpreventseriousaccidentsandminorinjurieswon’thurtustoomuch.

—Idon’tthinkIwouldlikeanyoftheactivitieslisted.ActuallyIdon’tlikesports.AsfarbackasIcanrecall,mychildhoodwasspentinhospital.Inotherwords,Iwasinpoorhealthforalongtime.Whenotherchildrenintheneighborhoodbegantheirtraininginsports,Ihadtogotohospitalandtakemedicinetosurvive.Inthatcase,Iwasn’tallowedtoplayoutdoorsmostofthetime.Inadditiontomyphysicalweakness,I’mcautiousbynature.Idon’tliketotakeanyrisksinmylife.Anyway,I’manexcellentchessplayer.Myfathertaughtmehowtoplaychessandboughtseveralbooksaboutchesstoimprovemyskill.SochessissomethingIenjoymost.

3.WhyWouldPeopleLiketoTakeRisks?

Sample:

Iamreallyimpressedbythesequotes.Theytellusthatlifeisfullofrisks.AsAliputit,hewhoisnotcourageousenoughtotakeriskswillaccomplishnothinginlife.Sotakingrisksisanessentialpartofgrowthandprogress.Ifwelookatsomefamouspeopleweknow,obviouslytheyareallgoodrisktakers.

Inadditiontomakingachievements,somepeopletakeriskstoenjoyanewexperienceandtochallengethemselves.Theywanttolooklikeacourageousguyorastrongperson.Takingriskswillmakethemfeelmoreconfidentandcompetent.Theyalsowanttoenjoytheexcitementinrisktakingbecausetheirlivesareotherwisetoopeacefulandcomfortable.

PartTwo

READING-CENTEREDACTIVITIES

In-ClassReading

Pre-Reading

Sample

ThethreeriskiestthingsIdoinanormalday:

ridemybicycleinheavytraffic;rundownstairs;doscientificexperiments.

PassageReading

Words,PhrasesandGrammaticalPoints

1.risk

关于risk的词组有很多：

atrisk处于危险之中

e.g.I）Thediseaseisspreading,andallchildrenunderfiveareatrisk.

II）Heartdiseasecanbeavoidedifpeopleatrisktakemedicaladvice.

attheriskof冒……的危险

e.g.I）Hesavedmylifeattheriskoflosinghisown.

II）Attheriskofoffendingyou,ImusttellyouthatIdisapproveofyourbehavior.

runtheriskof冒……的危险

e.g.I）Idon’twanttoruntheriskofmeetingGeorge.

II）Iwasafraidtoruntheriskofbettingonthegame.

takearisk/risks冒险做可能失败或危险的事

e.g.I）Youaretakingabigriskdrivingsofast.

II）Buthemustbecautious;hemusttakenounnecessaryrisks.

2.“Andfromthesethreatscomequestionsthatwemustposetoourselves…”（l.6）

1）Thissentencemeansthatthesethreatsgiverisetoquestionsthatwemustaskourselves.

当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组，谓语动词为go,come等表示位置转移的动作动词时，句子通常全部倒装。

e.g.I）Fromtheroomcamethesoundofchildrensinging.

II）Fromthefountainbubbledastreamofcoolwater.

2）pose:

giveriseto（adifficultordangeroussituation）

Somephraseswith“pose”:

poseaproblem/difficulty/risk/threat/challenge/question.

e.g.I）Officialsclaimthechemicalposesnorealthreat.

II）Risingunemploymentisposingseriousproblemsfortheadministration.

III）Theyhadbeenexpectedtoposeaseriouschallengetothemainparties.

3.rather（l.16）adv.toafairlylargedegree

e.g.IrealizethatI’vebeenratherstupidandselfish.

Somephraseswith“rather”:

ratherthan:

insteadof

e.g.I）Itwouldbebettertomakeadecisionnow,ratherthanleaveituntillater.

II）Itwaswhathemeantratherthanwhathesaidthatannoyedme.

wouldrather:

prefertodoorhavesomething

e.g.Iwouldratheryoudidn’tmentionthismattertoanyoneelse.

orrather:

usedbeforecorrectingsomethingthatyouhavesaid,orgivingmorespecificinformation

e.g.WeallwentinVic’scar,orratherhisfather’s.

not...butrather...:

usedtosaythatonethingisnottruebutadifferentthingis

e.g.Theproblemisnottheirlackoffunding,butrathertheirlackofplanning.

4.accidentally（l.21）happeningbychance,notbyplanorintention

e.g.ThismorningIaccidentallymetwithafriendwithwhomIhaveneverkeptintouchforalongtime.

Compare:

incidentally:

usedforaddingsomethingtowhatwassaidbefore,eitheronthesameoranothersubject

e.g.Imustgonow.IncidentallyifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.

5.accordingly（l.28）

1）inawaythatissuitableforaparticularsituationorthatisbasedonwhatsomeonehasdoneorsaid

e.g.Ihavetoldyouthecircumstances,soyoumustactaccordingly

2）forthatreason;therefore

e.g.Hehasimpressedhisemployersconsiderablyandaccordinglyheissoontobepromoted.

课阅读参考译文

风险与你

1在说不定的某个时候，我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色,只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑自己得了某种可怕的病。

有的人只要一听说一种新的疾病，就会去检查，看自己是否可能患了这种病。

然而，对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧。

同样，患病的危险也并非我们唯一会遇上的危险。

现代生活中充满了各种各样的威胁，诸如对我们生命的威胁，对我们平和心境的威胁，对我们家人的威胁，对我们未来的威胁。

从而产生了好些问题，我们不得不问自己：

我买的食品安全吗？

给孩子们的玩具会伤害他们吗？

我们家的人是不是不该吃熏肉？

我度假时会不会遭抢劫？

我们的疑虑就;无休止地增加。

2对生活中风险的担忧与疑病症有相似之处；二者的恐惧或忧虑皆起因于信息不全面。

但二者之间也存在一个明显的差别。

疑病症患者通常可以求助于医生，以便澄清疑虑——要么你得了你所怀疑的疾病，要么你没得。

但当涉及到其它形式的风险时，事情就要困难得多，因为对许多风险来说，情况并不那么简单。

3风险几乎总是一个可能性的问题而无确定性可言。

你也许会问：

“我该不该系安全带？

”如果你坐的车要与其它车正面相撞，那当然该系安全带。

倘若你的车侧面被撞，结果你被困在车里，又因安全带装置遭破坏而无法挣脱，那怎么办呢？

这是否意味着你该再花些钱在车安一个保险气袋呢？

同样，在正面相撞的情况下，保险气袋完全可以救你一命。

但是，万一正当你在高速公路上开车时，保险气袋突然意外充气膨胀，从而导致了本来绝不会发生的事故，那又该如何是好？

4上面说的这一切，只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安全的。

有些风险——常常是潜在的重大风险——与我们的每个业余爱好、所做的每项工作、所吃的每种食物有关，换句话说，与所进行的任何活动有关。

但我们又不能，也不该因危险存在于我们将要做的每件事，而变成战战兢兢的神经症患者。

有5例如，两车相撞时，大车总的说来要比小车安全些。

可究竟能安全多少呢？

答案是这样：

在一起严重的车祸中坐小车丧生的可能性是坐大车的两倍左右。

然而，大车通常比小车贵（并且消耗更多的汽油，由此给环境带来了更大的风险！

）。

那么我们该怎样确定