英国文学期末考试题目英语专业必备.docx
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英国文学期末考试题目英语专业必备
一．中古英语时期
♦BeowulfistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andthemostimportantspecimen（范例、典范）ofAnglo-Saxonliterature,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlanguage.
♦Theromanceisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod（中世纪）.Itusesverseorprosetosingknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeeds.
♦Geoffrey Chaucer,one ofthegreatestEnglishpoets,whosemasterpiece,TheCanterburyTales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,wasoneofthemostimportantinfluencesonthedevelopmentofEnglishliterature.
♦ChaucerisconsideredasthefatherofEnglishpoetryandthefounderofEnglishrealism.
二．文艺复兴Renaissance
♦Renaissancereferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.Itmarksatransition（过渡）fromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
♦ItstartedinItalywiththefloweringofpainting,sculpture（雕塑）andliterature,andthenspreadtotherestofEurope.
♦HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance-----Manisthemeasureofallthings.
♦ThiswasEngland’sGoldenAgeinliterature.QueenElizabethreignedoverthecountryinthisperiod.TherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandrama.ThemostfamousdramatistsintheRenaissanceEnglandareChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespeare.
♦ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawasChristopherMarlowe.
♦FrancisBaconwasthebestknownessayistofthisperiod.“OfStudies”isthemostpopularofBacon’s58essays.
♦ThomasMore——Utopia
♦EdmundSpenser——TheFaerieQueene
相关练习
♦1.WhichistheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage?
♦A.UtopiaB.FaerieQueene
♦C.BeowulfD.Hamlet
♦2._____isthefatherofEnglishpoetry.
♦A.EdmundSpenserB.WilliamShakespeare
♦C.FrancisBaconD.GeoffreyChaucer
♦3.____isnotaplaywrightduringtheRenaissanceperiodonEngland.
♦A.WilliamShakespeareB.GeoffreyChaucer
♦C.ChristopherMarloweD.BenJohnson
三．莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare
♦“Alltheworld'sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers.”——WilliamShakespeare
♦WilliamShakespeareisconsideredthegreatestplaywrightintheworldandthefinestpoetwhohaswrittenintheEnglishlanguage.Shakespeareunderstoodpeoplemorethananyotherwriters.Hecouldcreatecharactersthathavemeaningbeyondthetimeandplaceofhisplays.HisfourtragediesareHamlet（《哈姆雷特》）,Othello（《奥赛罗》）,KingLear（《李尔王》）andMacbeth（《麦克白》）.
♦Shakespeare’ssonnets,154innumber,aretheonlydirectexpressionofthepoet’sownfeelings;Sonnet18deservesitsfamebecauseitisoneofthemostbeautifullywrittenversesintheEnglishlanguage
♦诗选
♦Sonnet18
♦ShallIcomparetheetoaSummer’sday?
♦Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.
♦RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,
♦AndSummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate.
♦（我怎能将你与夏日相比?
/你比它更温和可爱：
/动人的花蕾在五月咆哮的风中颤抖，/夏日的美好时光也绝不长久：
）
♦Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,
♦Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;
♦Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,
♦Bychance,ornature’schangingcourse,untrimm’d;
♦（太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼，/却常常以灰暗的面貌出现；/再美貌的物什都逃不过凋谢，/命运流转或无意间将其拆解；）
♦ButthyeternalSummershallnotfade,
♦Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st
♦NorshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,
♦Whenineternallinetotimethougrow’st.
♦Solongasmencanbreathoreyescansee,
♦Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.
♦（可你如夏日般不会褪色,/你的美貌也将永存;/死神无法夸耀你曾在它的阴影中游荡,/伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。
/只要人类生生不息我的诗句能被见证,/你就会在传承中得到永生！
）
♦相关练习
♦1.Shakespeare’sgreatesttragediesarethefollowingworksexcept____.
♦A.HamletB.KingLearC.RomeoandJulietD.Othello
♦2.TheEssenceofRenaissance,themostsignificantintellectualmovement,was_____.
♦A.GeographicalexplorationB.Religiousreformation
♦C.PublishingandtranslationD.Humanism.
♦3.In“Sonnet18”,Shakespeare_________________.
♦A.Meditateonthedestructivepoweroftimeandeternalbeautybypoetry.
♦B.Satirize（讽刺）human’svanity.
♦C.Predict（预测）theeternityoflove.
♦D.Eulogize（颂扬）thepowerofthebeauty.
♦4.WhichofthefollowingstatementbestillustratesthethemeofShakespeare’sSonnet18?
♦A.ThespeakereulogizesthepowerofNature.
♦B.Thespeakersatirizeshumanvanity.
♦C.Thespeakerpraisesthepowerofartisticcreation.
♦D.Thespeakermeditatesonman’ssalvation.
♦5.TheRenaissancereferstobetween14th-mid-17thcentury,whichwasunderthereignofQueen___andabsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummit,andinwhichthe’realmainstream（真正的文学主流）’was____.
♦A.Victoria/poetry
♦B.Elizabeth/drama
♦C.Mary/novel
♦D.James/drama
♦6._____,thefirstofthegreattragedies,isgenerallyregardedasShakespeare’smostpopularplayonthestage,forithasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrilleranda’philosophicalexploration’oflifeanddeath.
♦A.TheMerchantofVeniceB.Hamlet
♦C.KingLearD.TheWinter’sTale
四．18世纪英国文学
♦The18th-centuryEnglandisknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason.
♦17thcenturywriterJohnMiltonranksasoneofthegreatestpoetsinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.HismasterpieceParadiseLost（失乐园）waspublishedin1667.LateranotherepicpoemParadiseRegained（复乐园）,sequeltoParadiseLost,waspublishedwiththepoeticdramaSamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）.
♦Themid-18thcenturywas,however,predominatedbyanewlyrisingliteraryform,themodernEnglishnovel,which,contrarytothetraditionalromanceofaristocrats,givesarealisticpresentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople.
♦DanielDefoeisconsideredtobethefatheroftheEnglishnovel.HismasterpieceisRobinsonCrusoe.ItisconsideredtobethefirstEnglishnovel
♦JonathanSwiftisgenerallyconsideredthegreatestprosesatirist（讽刺散文家）inEnglishliterature.Hislanguageissimple,clearandvigorous.Heonceasserted:
“Properwordsinproperplace,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle.”他曾把文字风格定义成“恰到好处的词语用在恰到好处的地方”
♦Therearenoornamentsinhiswritings.Insimple,directandpreciseprose,SwiftisalmostunsurpassedinEnglishliterature.
♦Gulliver'sTravels,JonathanSwift'sbestfictionalwork,containsfourparts,eachaboutoneparticularvoyageduringwhichGulliverhasextraordinaryadventuresonsomeremoteislandafterhehasmetwithshipwreckorpiracyorsomeothermisfortune.
♦相关练习
♦1.Inwhichofthefollowingworkscanyoufindthepropernames"Lilliput","Brobdingnag",Houyhnhnm"and"Yahoo”?
A.ThePilgrim’sProgressB.TheFarrieQueene
C.Gulliver’sTravelsD.TheSchoolofScandal
2.______isatypicalfeatureofSwift’swritings.
A.ElegantstyleB.Causalnarration
C.BittersatireD.Complicatedsentencestructure
3.TheHouyhnhnmsdepictedbyJonathanSwiftinGulliver’sTravelsare________.
A.horsesthatareendowedwithreason.
B.pigmiesthatareendowedwithadmirablequalities
C.giantsthataresuperiorinwisdom.
D.Hairy,wild,lowanddespicablecreatures,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappearancebutalsoinsomeotherways.
五．浪漫主义诗歌
♦
（一）先驱：
RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯，WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克
♦RobertBurnsisanationalpoetofScotland,apoetofpeasants,hispoemsarewritteninScottishdialect.ARed,RedRose（《红红的玫瑰》）andAuldlangSynearehismostpopularpoems.
♦Toseeaworldinagrainofsand,/Andaheaveninawildflower,/Holdinfinityinthepalmofyourhand,/Andeternityinanhour.——WilliamBlake一花一世界，一沙一天国，君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。
♦
♦
（二）代表诗人：
♦1.Escapistromanticists/LakePoets（湖畔派诗人）（WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey）
♦2.activeromanticists/demonicgroup/Satanicschool（撒旦派）（GeorgeGordonByron,PercyByssheShelley,JohnKeats）
♦EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebeganin1798withthepublicationofWordsworth&Coleridge’sLyricalBalladsandtohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.
♦WilliamWordsworthstartedwithSamuelTaylorColeridgetheEnglishRomanticmovementwiththeircollectionLyricalBalladsin1798.LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》followedby“ThePrefacetotheLyricalBallads”—servedasthemanifesto（宣言）oftheEnglishRomanticMovementinpoetry.
♦“Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingsthattakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility.”——WilliamWordsworth（诗是强烈情感的自然流露；诗源于在平静中积累的情感。
）
♦相关练习
♦1.TheRomanticMovementexpressedamoreorless______attitudetowardtheexistingsocialandpoliticalconditions.
♦A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferent
♦2.FortheRomantics,____isnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery,butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.
♦A.loveB.manC.natureD.death
♦3.IntheRomanticperiod,____isthemostprosperousliteraryform.
♦A.proseB.poetryC.fictionD.play
♦4.RomanticismisaperiodofBritishliteratureroughlydatedfrom__.
♦A.1660-----1798B.1798----1832
♦C.1483-----1546D.1836-----1901
♦5.ThetwomajornovelistsoftheEnglishRomanticPeriodare_____andWalterScott.
♦A.WashingtonIrvingB.JaneAusten
♦C.HermanMelvilleD.CharlesDickens
♦6.WilliamWordsworth,aromanticpoet,advocatedallthefollowingEXCEPT___.
♦ A.theuseofeverydaylanguagespokenbythecommonpeople
♦ B.theexpressionofthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings
♦ C.theuseofhumbleandrusticlifeassubjectmatter
♦ D.theuseofelegantwordingandinflatedfiguresofspeech
♦7.Thepublicationof“_______”markedthebeginningofRomanticAge.
♦A.DonJuanB.TheRimeoftheAncientMariner
♦C.TheLyricalBallads D.QueenMab
♦8.ThemajorrepresentativesofthepoeticrevolutioninEnglishRomanticperiodwereSamuelTaylorColeridgeand____.
♦A.WilliamBlakeB.WilliamWordsworth
♦C.JohnKeatsD.PercyByssheShelley
♦
♦
♦诗选
♦IWanderedLonelyasaCloud——WilliamWordsworth
♦Iwanderedlonelyasacloud
Thatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,
WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,
Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;
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