常用的前缀和后缀.docx

常用的前缀和后缀.docx

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常用的前缀和后缀

一、常用的前缀和后缀

1、常用前缀

aero-：

concerningtheairofaircraft

plane—aeroplane

space—aerospace

anti-：

against；oppositeof

nuclear—antinuclear

matter—antimatter

war—antiwar

auto-：

oforbyoneself

biography—autobiography

criticism—autocriticism

be-：

totreatasthestatedthing

friend—befriend

little—belittle

bi-：

two；twice；double

lingual—bilingual

cycle—bicycle

bio-：

concerninglivingthings

chemistry—biochemistry

sphere—biosphere

by-，bye-：

lessimportant

produce—by-produce

way—byway

centi-：

hundredthpart

grade—centigrade

meter—centimeter

co-：

together，with

author—coauthor

exist—coexist

col-：

（usedbeforel）together，with

location—collocation

com-：

（usedbeforeb，m，p）together，with

passion—compassion

con-：

together，with

centric—concentric

federation—confederation

contra-：

opposite

diction—contradiction

natural—contranatural

cor-：

（usedbeforer）together，with

relate—correlate

respond—correspond

counter-：

opposite

act—counteract

attack—counterattack

cross-：

across；goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem

country—crosscountry

breed—crossbreed

de-：

showinganopposite；toremove；toreduce

code—decode

value—devalue

dis-：

not；theoppositeof

advantage—disadvantage

agree—disagree

honest—dishonest

em-：

（usedbeforeb，m，p）tocausetobecome

body—embody

power—empower

en-：

tocausetobecome；tomake

danger—endanger

large—enlarge

ex-：

former（andstillliving）

minister—ex-minister

wife—ex-wife

extra-：

outside；beyond

curricular—extracurricular

ordinary—extraordinary

fore-：

inadvance，before；inoratthefront

arm—forearm

warn—forewarn

il-：

（usedbeforel）not

legal—illegal

literate—illiterate

im-：

（usedbeforeb，m，p）not

moral—immoral

possible—impossible

in-：

not

direct—indirect

sensitive—insensitive

infra-：

belowinarange；beyond

red—infrared

structure——infrastructure

inter-：

between；among

change——interchange

national——international

intra-：

inside，within；into

city——intracity

department——intra-department

ir-：

（usedbeforer）not

regular——irregular

responsible——irresponsible

kilo-：

thousand

gram——kilogram

meter——kilometer

macro-：

large，esp.concerningawholesystemratherthan

particularpartsof

economics——macroeconomics

structure——macrostructure

mal-：

badorbadly

function——malfunction

treat——maltreat

micro-：

extremelysmall

computer——microcomputer

electronics——microelectronics

mid-：

middle

day——midday

night——midnight

mini-：

small；short

bus——minibus

skirt——miniskirt

mis-：

badorbadly；wrongorwrongly

fortune——misfortune

understand——misunderstand

mono-：

one；single

plane——monoplane

tone——monotone

multi-：

morethanone；many

purpose——multipurpose

national——multinational

non-：

not

resident——non（-）resident

sense——nonsense

out-：

outside；beyond

live——outlive

door——outdoor

over-：

toomuch；above；additional

head——overhead

time——overtime

poly-：

many

centric——polycentric

syllabic——polysyllabic

post-：

laterthan；after

graduate——postgraduate

war——postwar

pre-：

before；inadvance

pay——prepay

war——prewar

pro-：

infavorof，supporting

America——pro-America

abortion——pro-abortion

pseudo-：

notreal；false

name——pseudonym

science——pseudoscience

re-：

again；backtotheformerstate

unite——reunite

use——reuse

self-：

bymeansofoneselforitself；of，to，with，for，orin

oneselforitself

employed——self-employed

taught——self-taught

semi-：

half；partly

circle——semicircle

final——semifinal

step-：

notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried

mother——stepmother

children——stepchildren

sub-：

under，below；lessimportant；partofthestatedbigger

whole

divide——subdivide

section——subsection

super-：

more，larger，greaterthanusual

market——supermarket

natural——supernatural

tele-：

atoroveralongdistance；byorfortelevision

communication——telecommunication

screen——telescreen

therm（o）-：

concerningheat

chemistry——thermochemistry

meter——thermometer

trans-:

across,onortotheothersideof;between

Atlantic—transatlantic

plant—transplant

tri-:

three;threetimes

angular—triangular

cycle—tricycle

ultra-:

beyond;very,extremely

modern—ultramodern

sound—ultrasound

un-:

not

certain—uncertain

fortunate—unfortunate

under-:

toolittle;below

develop—underdevelop

sea—undersea

uni-:

one,singer

form—uniform

directional—unidirectional

vice-:

nextintherank;below

chairman—vice-chairman

president—vice-president

2.常用后缀

（1）名词后缀

-ability，-ibility

able—ability

flexible—flexibility

-age

post—postage

short—shortage

-al

arrive—arrival

refuse—refusal

-an，-ian，-arian

library—librarian

music—musician

-ance，-ence

appear—appearance

refer—reference

-ancy，-ency

emerge—emergency

expect—expectancy

-ant，-ent

apply—applicant

correspond—correspondent

-cy

accurate—accuratcy

private—privacy

-dom

king—kingdom

free—freedom

-ee

employ—employee

interview—interviewee

-er，-or，-ar

paint—painter

beg—beggar

-ery

brave—bravery

slave—slavery

-ese

China—Chinaese

Japan—Japanese

-ess

actor—actress

waiter—waitress

-ful

hand—handful

spoon—spoonful

-hood

child—childhood

man—manhood

-ics

electron—electronics

linguist—linguistics

-ion，-ition，-ation

collect—collection

observe—observation

-ism

Marx—Marxism

socialist—socialism

-ist

psychiatry—psychiatrist

violin—violinist

-ity，-ty

cruel—cruelty

pure—purity

-ment

move—movement

retire——retirement

-ness

dark——darkness

happy——happiness

-ology

climate——climatology

future——futurology

-ship

friend——friendship

scholar——scholarship

-sion，-ssion

decide——decision

expand——expansion

-th

grow——growth

wide——width

-ure

close——closure

expose——exposure

（2）动词前缀

-en

deep——deepen

fast——fasten

-ify

class——classify

simple——simplify

-ize，-ise

modern——modernize/modernize

popular——popularize/popularize

（3）形容词后缀

-able，-ible

suit——suitable

question——questionable

-al

nature——natural

structure——structural

-an，-arian，-ian

suburb——suburban

Canada——Canadian

-ant，-ent

differ——different

please——pleasant

-ary，-ory

advise——advisory

custom——customary

-ate

consider——considerate

fortune——fortunate

-en

gold——golden

wood——wooden

-ese

China——Chinese

Japan——Japanese

-free

care——carefree

duty——duty-free

-ful

care——careful

pain——painful

-ic，-ical

atom——atomic

psychology——psychological

-ish

girl——girlish

child——childish

-ive

create——creative

support——supportive

-less

hope——hopeless

pain——painless

-like

child——childlike

lady——ladylike

-ly

man——manly

month——monthly

-ous，-ious

danger——dangerous

poison——poisonous

-some

tire——tiresome

trouble——troublesome

-ward

down——downward

up——upward

-y

guilt-guilty

noise-noisy

（4）副词后缀

-ly

easy-easily

heavy-heavily

-ward，-wards

east-eastward（s）

north-northward（s）

-wise

clock-clockwise

other-otherwise

前缀

1,a-

1）加在单词或词根前面，表示“不，无，非”。

acentric；amoral；

2）加在单词前，表示“在，的”

asleep；aside

2,ab-,abs-加在词根前，表示“相反，变坏，离去”

abnormal,；abuse

3,ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-加在同辅音字母的词根前，表示“一再”等加强意。

accompany,accomplish,affirm,attract

4,ad-加在单词或词根前，表示“做，加强”。

adapt,adopt,adjoin,adjust,adventure

5,amphi-“两个，两种”。

amphibian

6,an-在词根前，表示“不，无”。

anonymous,anarchism

7,ana-表示“错误，在旁边，分开”

analogy,analysis

8,ante-表示“前面，先”

antedate,anterior,antecedent

9,anti-表示“反对，相反”

antiwar,antitank,antibody

10,apo-表示“离开，远离”

apogee

11,auto-“自动，自己”

automobile,automatic,autograph

12,be-

1）构成动词，表示“使成为”

befall,befriend,behold

2）构成介词

beside,behind,below,before,beneath

13,bene-“善，好”

benefaction,benediction,beneficent

14,bi-表示“两个”

biweekly,bilingual,biennial,

15,by-“在旁边，副的”

byroad,byway,bywork

16,circum-“环绕，周围”

17,co-表示“共同”，通常方在元音词根前。

Coeducation,cohabit,coexist,coincide

18,col-,cor-在同辅音词根前，表示“共同”。

collapse,colleague,collect

19,com-,con-“共同”

combine,compassion,commotion,

20,contra-表示“反对，相反”

contrary,contradict,contravene,

21,counter-表示“反对，相反”

counteract,counterbalance,

22,de-

表示“去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下”等

destruction,demobilize.desalt

表示“使…成为，加强”等

depict

表示“两个，双”

dichromatic,dioxide

表示“使…变成，分开，离开”

digest

24,dia-表示“穿过，二者之间”

dialogue,diameter

25,dif-和辅音重复表示“不，否定，分开”

differ,difference,diffident

26,dis-

表示“不，消失掉”

dislike,disorder,dishonest

表示“分开，分离”

dispart,disseminate,dispense

27，dys-表示“坏，不良”

dyspepsia,dyslexia,dysfunction

28,e-,ef-表示“出，出来”

evaluate,elongate,elaborate

29,em-,en-

表示“进入…之中，包围”

embrace,embed,empathy

表示“使…进入状态”

empower,embitter,embody

30,epi-表示“在…上，在…周围，在…后面”

epidermal,epidemic,epigram

31,eu-表示“好，优秀”

eulogize,euphemism,euphonious

32,ex-

表示“出，出去”

export,exclude,expel

表示“前面的，前任的”

ex-wife,ex-president,

33,exo-表示“外部的，外面”

exogamy,exotic

34,extra-表示“以外的，超过的”

extracurriculum,extraordinary,

35,fore-表示“前面，预先”

foresee,forehead,forestall

36,hetero-表示“异类，异种”

heterosexual,heterodoxy,

37,homo-表示“同类的”

homogeneous,homonym

38,hyper-表示“超过，太多”

hyperactive,hypersensitive,

39,hypo-表示“下面，次等”

hypodermic,hypocrisy,hypocrite

40,il-,ir-

放在同辅音词根前表示“不，无”

illegal,illiterate,illogical,

表示“使…成为，进入”

illustrate,illuminate,illusion,

41,im-,in-

表示“不，无，非”

impossible,immoral,impolite,

表示“向内，进入”

import,imprison,immigrate

42,inter-表示“在…之间，相互”

international,interpersonal,

43,intro-表示“向内，入内”

introduce,introspect,introvert

44,macro-表示“宏伟，大”

macroworld,macrostructure,

45,mal-表示“坏，恶”（亦作male）

malcontent,malpractice,malnutrition

46,micro-表示“微，小”