常用的前缀和后缀.docx

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常用的前缀和后缀.docx

常用的前缀和后缀

一、常用的前缀和后缀

1、常用前缀

aero-:

concerningtheairofaircraft

plane—aeroplane

space—aerospace

anti-:

against;oppositeof

nuclear—antinuclear

matter—antimatter

war—antiwar

auto-:

oforbyoneself

biography—autobiography

criticism—autocriticism

be-:

totreatasthestatedthing

friend—befriend

little—belittle

bi-:

two;twice;double

lingual—bilingual

cycle—bicycle

bio-:

concerninglivingthings

chemistry—biochemistry

sphere—biosphere

by-,bye-:

lessimportant

produce—by-produce

way—byway

centi-:

hundredthpart

grade—centigrade

meter—centimeter

co-:

together,with

author—coauthor

exist—coexist

col-:

(usedbeforel)together,with

location—collocation

com-:

(usedbeforeb,m,p)together,with

passion—compassion

con-:

together,with

centric—concentric

federation—confederation

contra-:

opposite

diction—contradiction

natural—contranatural

cor-:

(usedbeforer)together,with

relate—correlate

respond—correspond

counter-:

opposite

act—counteract

attack—counterattack

cross-:

across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem

country—crosscountry

breed—crossbreed

de-:

showinganopposite;toremove;toreduce

code—decode

value—devalue

dis-:

not;theoppositeof

advantage—disadvantage

agree—disagree

honest—dishonest

em-:

(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecome

body—embody

power—empower

en-:

tocausetobecome;tomake

danger—endanger

large—enlarge

ex-:

former(andstillliving)

minister—ex-minister

wife—ex-wife

extra-:

outside;beyond

curricular—extracurricular

ordinary—extraordinary

fore-:

inadvance,before;inoratthefront

arm—forearm

warn—forewarn

il-:

(usedbeforel)not

legal—illegal

literate—illiterate

im-:

(usedbeforeb,m,p)not

moral—immoral

possible—impossible

in-:

not

direct—indirect

sensitive—insensitive

infra-:

belowinarange;beyond

red—infrared

structure——infrastructure

inter-:

between;among

change——interchange

national——international

intra-:

inside,within;into

city——intracity

department——intra-department

ir-:

(usedbeforer)not

regular——irregular

responsible——irresponsible

kilo-:

thousand

gram——kilogram

meter——kilometer

macro-:

large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherthan

particularpartsof

economics——macroeconomics

structure——macrostructure

mal-:

badorbadly

function——malfunction

treat——maltreat

micro-:

extremelysmall

computer——microcomputer

electronics——microelectronics

mid-:

middle

day——midday

night——midnight

mini-:

small;short

bus——minibus

skirt——miniskirt

mis-:

badorbadly;wrongorwrongly

fortune——misfortune

understand——misunderstand

mono-:

one;single

plane——monoplane

tone——monotone

multi-:

morethanone;many

purpose——multipurpose

national——multinational

non-:

not

resident——non(-)resident

sense——nonsense

out-:

outside;beyond

live——outlive

door——outdoor

over-:

toomuch;above;additional

head——overhead

time——overtime

poly-:

many

centric——polycentric

syllabic——polysyllabic

post-:

laterthan;after

graduate——postgraduate

war——postwar

pre-:

before;inadvance

pay——prepay

war——prewar

pro-:

infavorof,supporting

America——pro-America

abortion——pro-abortion

pseudo-:

notreal;false

name——pseudonym

science——pseudoscience

re-:

again;backtotheformerstate

unite——reunite

use——reuse

self-:

bymeansofoneselforitself;of,to,with,for,orin

oneselforitself

employed——self-employed

taught——self-taught

semi-:

half;partly

circle——semicircle

final——semifinal

step-:

notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried

mother——stepmother

children——stepchildren

sub-:

under,below;lessimportant;partofthestatedbigger

whole

divide——subdivide

section——subsection

super-:

more,larger,greaterthanusual

market——supermarket

natural——supernatural

tele-:

atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevision

communication——telecommunication

screen——telescreen

therm(o)-:

concerningheat

chemistry——thermochemistry

meter——thermometer

trans-:

across,onortotheothersideof;between

Atlantic—transatlantic

plant—transplant

tri-:

three;threetimes

angular—triangular

cycle—tricycle

ultra-:

beyond;very,extremely

modern—ultramodern

sound—ultrasound

un-:

not

certain—uncertain

fortunate—unfortunate

under-:

toolittle;below

develop—underdevelop

sea—undersea

uni-:

one,singer

form—uniform

directional—unidirectional

vice-:

nextintherank;below

chairman—vice-chairman

president—vice-president

2.常用后缀

(1)名词后缀

-ability,-ibility

able—ability

flexible—flexibility

-age

post—postage

short—shortage

-al

arrive—arrival

refuse—refusal

-an,-ian,-arian

library—librarian

music—musician

-ance,-ence

appear—appearance

refer—reference

-ancy,-ency

emerge—emergency

expect—expectancy

-ant,-ent

apply—applicant

correspond—correspondent

-cy

accurate—accuratcy

private—privacy

-dom

king—kingdom

free—freedom

-ee

employ—employee

interview—interviewee

-er,-or,-ar

paint—painter

beg—beggar

-ery

brave—bravery

slave—slavery

-ese

China—Chinaese

Japan—Japanese

-ess

actor—actress

waiter—waitress

-ful

hand—handful

spoon—spoonful

-hood

child—childhood

man—manhood

-ics

electron—electronics

linguist—linguistics

-ion,-ition,-ation

collect—collection

observe—observation

-ism

Marx—Marxism

socialist—socialism

-ist

psychiatry—psychiatrist

violin—violinist

-ity,-ty

cruel—cruelty

pure—purity

-ment

move—movement

retire——retirement

-ness

dark——darkness

happy——happiness

-ology

climate——climatology

future——futurology

-ship

friend——friendship

scholar——scholarship

-sion,-ssion

decide——decision

expand——expansion

-th

grow——growth

wide——width

-ure

close——closure

expose——exposure

(2)动词前缀

-en

deep——deepen

fast——fasten

-ify

class——classify

simple——simplify

-ize,-ise

modern——modernize/modernize

popular——popularize/popularize

(3)形容词后缀

-able,-ible

suit——suitable

question——questionable

-al

nature——natural

structure——structural

-an,-arian,-ian

suburb——suburban

Canada——Canadian

-ant,-ent

differ——different

please——pleasant

-ary,-ory

advise——advisory

custom——customary

-ate

consider——considerate

fortune——fortunate

-en

gold——golden

wood——wooden

-ese

China——Chinese

Japan——Japanese

-free

care——carefree

duty——duty-free

-ful

care——careful

pain——painful

-ic,-ical

atom——atomic

psychology——psychological

-ish

girl——girlish

child——childish

-ive

create——creative

support——supportive

-less

hope——hopeless

pain——painless

-like

child——childlike

lady——ladylike

-ly

man——manly

month——monthly

-ous,-ious

danger——dangerous

poison——poisonous

-some

tire——tiresome

trouble——troublesome

-ward

down——downward

up——upward

-y

guilt-guilty

noise-noisy

(4)副词后缀

-ly

easy-easily

heavy-heavily

-ward,-wards

east-eastward(s)

north-northward(s)

-wise

clock-clockwise

other-otherwise

前缀

1,a-

1)加在单词或词根前面,表示“不,无,非”。

acentric;amoral;

2)加在单词前,表示“在,的”

asleep;aside

2,ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示“相反,变坏,离去”

abnormal,;abuse

3,ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示“一再”等加强意。

accompany,accomplish,affirm,attract

4,ad-加在单词或词根前,表示“做,加强”。

adapt,adopt,adjoin,adjust,adventure

5,amphi-“两个,两种”。

amphibian

6,an-在词根前,表示“不,无”。

anonymous,anarchism

7,ana-表示“错误,在旁边,分开”

analogy,analysis

8,ante-表示“前面,先”

antedate,anterior,antecedent

9,anti-表示“反对,相反”

antiwar,antitank,antibody

10,apo-表示“离开,远离”

apogee

11,auto-“自动,自己”

automobile,automatic,autograph

12,be-

1)构成动词,表示“使成为”

befall,befriend,behold

2)构成介词

beside,behind,below,before,beneath

13,bene-“善,好”

benefaction,benediction,beneficent

14,bi-表示“两个”

biweekly,bilingual,biennial,

15,by-“在旁边,副的”

byroad,byway,bywork

16,circum-“环绕,周围”

17,co-表示“共同”,通常方在元音词根前。

Coeducation,cohabit,coexist,coincide

18,col-,cor-在同辅音词根前,表示“共同”。

collapse,colleague,collect

19,com-,con-“共同”

combine,compassion,commotion,

20,contra-表示“反对,相反”

contrary,contradict,contravene,

21,counter-表示“反对,相反”

counteract,counterbalance,

22,de-

表示“去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下”等

destruction,demobilize.desalt

表示“使…成为,加强”等

depict

表示“两个,双”

dichromatic,dioxide

表示“使…变成,分开,离开”

digest

24,dia-表示“穿过,二者之间”

dialogue,diameter

25,dif-和辅音重复表示“不,否定,分开”

differ,difference,diffident

26,dis-

表示“不,消失掉”

dislike,disorder,dishonest

表示“分开,分离”

dispart,disseminate,dispense

27,dys-表示“坏,不良”

dyspepsia,dyslexia,dysfunction

28,e-,ef-表示“出,出来”

evaluate,elongate,elaborate

29,em-,en-

表示“进入…之中,包围”

embrace,embed,empathy

表示“使…进入状态”

empower,embitter,embody

30,epi-表示“在…上,在…周围,在…后面”

epidermal,epidemic,epigram

31,eu-表示“好,优秀”

eulogize,euphemism,euphonious

32,ex-

表示“出,出去”

export,exclude,expel

表示“前面的,前任的”

ex-wife,ex-president,

33,exo-表示“外部的,外面”

exogamy,exotic

34,extra-表示“以外的,超过的”

extracurriculum,extraordinary,

35,fore-表示“前面,预先”

foresee,forehead,forestall

36,hetero-表示“异类,异种”

heterosexual,heterodoxy,

37,homo-表示“同类的”

homogeneous,homonym

38,hyper-表示“超过,太多”

hyperactive,hypersensitive,

39,hypo-表示“下面,次等”

hypodermic,hypocrisy,hypocrite

40,il-,ir-

放在同辅音词根前表示“不,无”

illegal,illiterate,illogical,

表示“使…成为,进入”

illustrate,illuminate,illusion,

41,im-,in-

表示“不,无,非”

impossible,immoral,impolite,

表示“向内,进入”

import,imprison,immigrate

42,inter-表示“在…之间,相互”

international,interpersonal,

43,intro-表示“向内,入内”

introduce,introspect,introvert

44,macro-表示“宏伟,大”

macroworld,macrostructure,

45,mal-表示“坏,恶”(亦作male)

malcontent,malpractice,malnutrition

46,micro-表示“微,小”

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